[ effect of endurance exercise on alpha amylase, PH and cortisol level of saliva]

Exercise is one of the activities to achieve fitness; therefore it should be performed in an appropriate way and its side effects should be minimized. It has been mentioned in the literature that in physiologic activities, there are important factors in the serum and saliva which have a significant role in dental and oral health, especially on dental caries. In this study, we decided to figure out how these oral health related factors are altered in endurance exercise. In this study, the samples included nineteen 18 to 25-yearold beginner male athletes. Two samples of saliva were taken, one before running for control and one after 1000 meters for test. Salivary pH was digitally measured immediately after collecting the samples. Cortisol and alpha amylase of the saliva in both control and test samples were evaluated by ELISA method. Data were analyzed with SPSS software and evaluated with descriptive statistical methods. Endurance exercise in beginner athletes increased the mean alpha amylase level in their saliva from 59.57 to 107.52 IU/mL and the salivary cortisol from 2.73 to 3.60 Ng/mL. The mean salivary pH showed a 0.56 decrease [p<.001]. There was an increase in the salivary cortisol and alpha amylase level and a decrease in salivary pH after endurance exercise.

[ role of physical activities on physical, mental and social health of families according to Islam]

According to Islam, health is a great blessing and gift to human beings from God. After monotheism, health is one of the greatest blessings from God according to the revealed religions. In Islam, human beings have always been encouraged to protect and keep their health to live better and grow up. One who is in higher level of intelligence, skill and perfection is more able to sue his/her health, power and abilities and is more helpful for his/her family, society and organization. As one of the requirements of human being, physical activity shall be done by all moslem individuals, whether man, woman, child or adult. In fact, one of the main factor of development and growth of Islamic countries is that Islamic communities pay special attention to physical activity and its application to different levels. Physical and extracurricular activities is said to enrich leisure time and provide more happiness, joy and comfort. As one of daily works of each Moslem, doing appropriate and regular physical activities can affect on the health of a society and social duties. In other words, successful people are those who have more physical activities. This paper has reviewed the effect of regular physical, mental, social and belief health of families. Based on said factors and other scientific and belief reasons, it can be said that regular physical activities can provide families with physical, mental and social fitness. In addition, health, joy and happiness, that is high quality of life in social, cultural, mental and physical aspects has special effect in the health of families

Comparing four management performance models in the health care system

One of the ways to manage human resources is performance management. With a systematic approach, this sort of management determines strategic goals, identifies indexes, collects, analyzes and reports data and ultimately improves the organization performance. Performance management is a process that calls for the interaction of factors such as administrative goals, accountability standards and evolutionary behaviors. There is a variety of models in performance management. However, designing and establishing performance management plan require us to follow a given practical model. The selection and implementation of performance management models can enhance the accuracy and reliability of the process itself. Among the models, the following can be referred to: Canada auditing office, World Health Organization, European foundation for quality management and input-output linear model. This study is aimed to evaluate these models to help us acquire a precise understanding of them and their impact on the performance of an organization