[ isolation and detection of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A-E and TSST-1 genes from different sources by PCR method]

Enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 [TSST-1] are an important virulence factor of S. aureus. The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of S. aureus enterotoxin [sea-see] and tst genes in the samples that collected from different sources with PCR method. During 5 months from 150 collected samples, 80 strains were identified as S. aureus. PCR reaction was used for investigation on the presence of genes for staphylococcal enterotoxins [A-E] and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 [TSST-1]. Fifty three samples [66.25%] out of 80 samples were positive for one or more ETs and TSST-1 genes. Of these positive strains, 17 [32.07%] were positive for sea 39 [73.58%] for seb, 30 [56.6%] for sec, 2 [3.7%] for sed, 21 [39.62%] for see, and 14 [26.41%] for tst. Enterotoxins and tst in 40 samples [75.47%] observed. In this study, high prevalence of S. aureus, its enterotoxin, and tst genes were observed in clinical samples, food samples, and healthy people. This fact emphasizes on the role of human as original source and carrier of S. aureus. Also, use of PCR reaction for detection of these genes in S. aureus that isolated from various sources is recommended

Frequent oversizing during Amplatzer device deployment for percutaneous PDA closures

Transcatheter closure of small to moderate patent ductus arteriosus [PDA] has been well established during this last decade. The Amplatzer device occluder [ADO] is self-expandable device with ease of delivery and a rapid learning curve. The aim of the study was to access the optimum sizing of ADO in regard to maximum efficacy with respect to shunt occlusion without oversizing and reducing bulk and potential protrusions. From April 2007 to July 2008, a total of twenty-four adult PDA closures were reviewed. Occlusion was achieved via antegrade venous approach. Our primary objective was an evaluating of optimum ADO sizing for PDA closures. We retrospectively compared the patients with a theoretical optimum size as regards complications and residual shunts. PDA size determination was based on the smallest diameter at pulmonary artery [PA] side. Based on specific criteria, undersizing was not observed in our cases, while oversizing was noted in 42% of cases. Oversizing did not lead to a decrease in residual shunts [37.5% vs. 36%, p=NS]. Although no short-term complications were observed in the oversized group, oversizing resulted in a characteristic mushroom deformity due to unnecessary tension applied to our device. The Chinese device also performed well in terms of deployment and short-term complications with no significant difference in comparison to its American counterpart [p=NS]. An acceptable rate of acute complications was obtained; nonetheless, we were frequently oversizing, leading to mild device deformation and protrusion. Although not previously described in the literature, the terminal ballooning of the ADO should alert us of such a complication

[Study on the prevalence of urinary tract infection by Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of isolated bacteria in Jahrom city]

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections, that creates in outpatient and hospitalized patients. Since, E. coli is the most common bacteria in UTI infection, the aim of this study was to determine urinary tract infections by Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile detection of isolated E. coli in Jahrom city

Materials and methods: This investigation was carried out for 6 months on patients with urinary tract infection at Peimaniye hospital and Dr. jazayeri private laboratory Jahrom city in 2004. Totally, 3361 of urine samples were collected. Bacteria were isolated and identified by bacterial standard methods. Then, tests were carried out on 100 selected of E. coli randomly. Antimicrobial resistance tests were done by disk diffusion agar. The bacterial plasmid also was extracted by alkalin lysis and detected by electrophoresis through agarose gels

Results: Bacterial cultures of 356 samples were positive. Isolated bacteria were E. coli [80.34%], Klebsiella [10.67%], Enterobacter [3.65%], Citrobacter [1.69%], Pseudomonas [1.41%], Staphylococci [0.84%], Serracia [0.84%] and Proteus [0.56%]. E. coli isolates were shown the most resistance to cotrimoxazole [49%] and cephalexin [30%] and ciprofloxacin was known as the most effective antibiotic with 82% sensitivity. Eighty percent of bacteria had plasmids. The most plasmid bands were detected in isolated bacteria of hospitalized patients. All bacteria that were resistant to at least one kind of investingated antibiotics, had plasmids

Conclusions: Plasmid profile similarity of isolated bacteria from hospitalized patients, indicated probability these bacteria originate from one bacterial clone or high prevalence gene transmition among hospitalized bacteria. So, antibiogram test for each patient, infection control and limitation of using antibiotics can prevent spreading of resistant bacteria

Study on the prevalence of urinary tract infection by Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of isolated bacteria in Jahrom city

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections, that creates in outpatient and hospitalized patients. Since, E. coli is the most common bacteria in UTI infection, the aim of this study was to determine urinary tract infections by Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile detection of isolated E. coli in Jahrom city. This investigation was carried out for 6 months on patients with urinary tract infection at Peimaniye hospital and Dr. jazayeri private laboratory Jahrom city in 2004. Totally, 3361 of urine samples were collected. Bacteria were isolated and identified by bacterial standard methods. Then, tests were carried out on 100 selected of E. coli randomly. Antimicrobial resistance tests were done by disk diffusion agar. The bacterial plasmid also was extracted by alkalin lysis and detected by electrophoresis through agarose gels. Bacterial cultures of 356 samples were positive. Isolated bacteria were E. coli [80.34%], Klebsiella [10.67%], Enterobacter [3.65%], Citrobacter [1.69%], Pseudomonas [1.41%], Staphylococci [0.84%], Serracia [0.84%] and Proteus [0.56%]. E. coli isolates were shown the most resistance to cotrimoxazole [49%] and cephalexin [30%] and ciprofloxacin was known as the most effective antibiotic with 82% sensitivity. Eighty percent of bacteria had plasmids. The most plasmid bands were detected in isolated bacteria of hospitalized patients All bacteria that were resistant to at least one kind of investigated antibiotics, had plasmids. Plasmid profile similarity of isolated bacteria from hospitalized patients, indicated probability these bacteria originate from one bacterial clone or high prevalence gene transmition among hospitalized bacteria. So, antibiogram test for each patient, infection control and limitation of using antibiotics can prevent spreading of resistant bacteria.

[Detecting legionella pneumophila with sputum culture and urinary antigen test in patients with acute pulmonary infection]

Community acquired pneumonia [CAP] is a common health problem and one of the main mortality factors worldwide. Legionella pneumophila is one of the most common responsible microorganisms for CAP and may lead to severe complications if left untreated. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of this organism in patients with CAP.We enrolled 118 patients with CAP, COPD and asthma in Masihdaneshvari Medical center during 2004-2005. For microbiological purposes sputum culture and legionella urinary antigen measurement were achieved. The study population included 32 females and 86 males, their age range 58-77 years. The most frequently isolated respiratory microorganism were: streptococcus pneumonia [88%], candida spp. [76.2%], streptococcus beta-hemolytic [61.8%], staphylococcus [40.6%], klebsiella spp. [27.1%], fungi [16.1%], E.coli [8.4%], pseudomonas spp. [5.1%]. Dyspnea, cough, sputum production, and fever were the most common findings. Smoking was the most commonly found risk factor. Atypical pathogens are responsible for 40% of community-acquired pneumonia and several studies have ranked legionella pneumophila among the three most common microbial cause of CAP in patients admitted to the hospitals. So this is important to notice that urinary antigen test is particularly useful, simple and rapid test for legionella positive cases, because it is often easier to obtain urine in ill patients and the results can be available within hours and also reliable to commence treatment