ABSTRACT
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have mainly been applied to neurodegeneration in some medically intractable neurologic diseases. In this study, we established a novel NSC line and investigated the cytotoxic responses of NSCs to exogenous neurotoxicants, glutamates and reactive oxygen species (ROS). A multipotent NSC line, B2A1 cells, was established from long-term primary cultures of oligodendrocyte-enriched cells from an adult BALB/c mouse brain. B2A1 cells could be differentiated into neuronal, astrocytic and oligodendroglial lineages. The cells also expressed genotypic mRNA messages for both neural progenitor cells and differentiated neuronoglial cells. B2A1 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide and L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine underwent 30-40% cell death, while B2A1 cells treated with glutamate and kainate showed 25-35% cell death. Cytopathologic changes consisting of swollen cell bodies, loss of cytoplasmic processes, and nuclear chromatin disintegration, developed after exposure to both ROS and excitotoxic chemicals. These results suggest that B2A1 cells may be useful in the study of NSC biology and may constitute an effective neurotoxicity screening system for ROS and excitotoxic chemicals.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Brain/cytology , Buthionine Sulfoximine/pharmacology , Cell Differentiation , Cell Line , Cell Lineage , Cytokines/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology , Glutamic Acid/pharmacology , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology , Kainic Acid/pharmacology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Multipotent Stem Cells/cytology , Neuroglia/cytology , Neurons/cytology , Neurotoxins/pharmacology , Oxidants/pharmacology , Phenotype , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolismABSTRACT
The exact incidence of esophagitis in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains poorly understood in Korea. To determine incidence of esophagitis in GERD, from August 1988 to July 1993, endoscopy, esophageal manometry with Bernstein test, and ambulatory 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring were carried out in a group of 349 patients with symptoms of heartburn or noncardiac chest pain. Based on these studies, 151(40%) patients had some degree of GERD and pstients were categorized as having: pathologic reflux, 98 patients; symptomatic reflux, 42 patients; and sensitive mucosal reflux, 11 patients. Among 151 patients with GERD, 27 patients(18%) had some degree of esophagitis. In conclusion, 40% of patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD have GERD. GERD is divided into subgroups; pathologic reflux, symptomatic reflux, and mucosal sensitive reflux. Less than 20% of GERD have esophagitis or esophageal mucosal injury and these low incidence of mucosal injury in Korean may be due to increased esophageal mucosal resistance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chest Pain , Endoscopy , Esophageal pH Monitoring , Esophagitis , Esophagitis, Peptic , Gastroesophageal Reflux , Heartburn , Incidence , Korea , ManometryABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Bypass , Coronary Vessels , EchocardiographyABSTRACT
No abstract available.