The study of emergency facial trauma in children and parents' cognition on it / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the characteristics of emergency facial trauma in children and mother's cognition on it.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Descriptive analysis was undertaken for 216 children with maxillofacial trauma. The analysis included age distributions of the children, reasons and places for the trauma, and positions and severity degrees of the trauma. The questionnaires were carried out for the patients' mothers, to understand the cognition degrees and prognosis factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most of the patients with facial trauma were aged 1-6, with the male and female ratio of 1.4:1. Falls were the leading cause for the maxillofacial injuries(83.33%). The most common types of injury were the soft tissue injuries (63.43%) and the teeth injuries (31.94%), the jaw fractures were least. 50.00% accidents occurred at home. 97.22% mothers had no knowledge of the facial injuries in children. 69.44% mothers thought it avoidable. It were relevant between mothers' educations and injuries times (chi2 = 18.16, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mothers lack the knowledge is one of the most important reasons for the maxillofacial injuries in children. Propaganda should be increased among them to reduce risks of maxillofacial injuries.</p>

Role of immunologic abnormality in recurrent parotitis in children / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between immune function and the recurrent parotitis (RP) for children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The children diagnosed as RP were divided into two groups: aged under 6y and over 6y and the immune function were measured and compared with that of normal children.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For RP children the ratio of CD4+ T cell in over 6y group was significantly lower than that in under 6y group (P<0.05), while IgG value in over 6y group was higher than that in under 6y group (P<0.05). Compared with normal children, RP children in under 6y group had higher CD8+ T cell ratio and IgG, IgE, IgA and C3 value (P<0.01) and lower CD4+ T cell ratio (P<0.01), while RP children over 6y group, they had higher CD8+ T cell ratio, IgE value (P<0.01) and C3 (P<0.05), lower CD4<T cell ratio than those in control group (P<0.01). IgE value and CD8+ T cell ratio in under 6y group were higher than those over 6y control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Impaired immune function may play an important role in the recurrent parotitis in children.</p>

Children's temperament characteristics and dental fear / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the relationship between children's temperament and dental fear.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>254 children(aged 4-6 years) during first dental treatment took part in the investigation. Their parents answered the Chinese preschool children's temperament scales (CPTS). The Frankl method was used to classify the degree of the children's dental fear. The K independent samples test and One-way ANOVA test were performed to find the differences of the type of temperament and the scores of temperament dimension among three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 254 children(aged 4-6 years), 104 had no fear, 80 had fear and 70 had extreme fear. The incidence of dental fear in children was 59.06%. There were no statistical differences (P > 0.05) of dental fear between boys and girls. There were statistically significant differences for the type of temperament among no fear group, fear group and extreme fear group. The scores of adaptability and quality of mood were higher in the extreme fear group and fear group than that in the no fear group. The differences in scores of adaptability and quality of mood was statistically significant between the extreme fear group and no fear group. But the scores of other seven temperament dimensions had no statistical significant differences among three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Children's dental fear is correlated to their temperaments. The tendencies of negative mood and slow adaptability should be considered that the patients were at risk of developing dental fear problem.</p>

Pressure from the lips and the tongue in children with class III malocclusion / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss possible relationships between class III malocclusion and perioral forces by measuring the pressure from the lips and the tongue of children with class III malocclusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-one children with class III malocclusion were investigated and their perioral forces were measured at rest and during swallowing under natural head position by a custom-made miniperioral force computer measuring system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The resting pressures exerted on the labial side and palatine side of the upper left incisor, as well as the labial side and lingual side of the lower left incisor, were 0 g/cm(2), 0 g/cm(2), 0.57 g/cm(2) and 0.23 g/cm(2), respectively. Correspondingly, the swallowing forces were 2.87 g/cm(2), 5.97 g/cm(2), 4.09 g/cm(2) and 7.89 g/cm(2), respectively. No statistical difference between muscular pressure and gender existed. During swallowing, the lingual forces were significantly higher than the labial forces (P<0.01), however, at rest there was no significantly different force between these two sides. Compared to the normal occlusion patients, children with class III malocclusion had lower perioral forces. The upper labial resting forces (P<0.01), the lower labial resting forces (P<0.05) and all the swallowing pressures from the lips and the tongue (P<0.01) showed statistical differences between the two different occlusion conditions. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found for the resting pressure from the tongue between class III malocclusion and normal occlusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with class III malocclusion have lower perioral forces and this muscle hypofunction may be secondary to the spatial relations of the jaws. The findings support the spatial matrix hypothesis.</p>

Study of muscle pressure exerted on deciduous normal occlusion / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the muscle pressure exerted on the deciduous normal occlusion and to explore the relationship between the denture,occlusion, skeleton and muscle pressure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty volunteers of deciduous normal occlusion were included in the study. The muscle pressure of natural head posture (NHP) was measured at rest and during swallowing by a PC real-time measuring system and the data were analyzed by statistical software SAS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The forces from lips, cheeks and tongue at rest were 0 approximate, equals 1.47 g/cm(2), while the pressure were increased to 9.60 approximate, equals 20.13 g/cm(2) during swallowing. The lip pressure was higher than the lingual side but there was no statistical difference at rest. The boys had higher pressure than girls,but there was also no statistical difference at rest. The pressure of normal occlusion was related to sex at the position of the upper labial incisor and the side of the dental arch during swallowing. The pressure of both sides of the dental arch increased significantly during swallowing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The deciduous dentition is in a state of dynamic equilibrium. This equilibrium may result in a special facial morphology.</p>