Identification and expression analysis of NHX gene family in Chinese cabbage / 生物工程学报

Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) gene subfamily plays an important role in plant response to salt stress. In this study, we identified the NHX gene family members of Chinese cabbage and analyzed the expression patterns of BrNHXs gene in response to abiotic stresses such as high temperature, low temperature, drought and salt stress. The results showed that there were 9 members of the NHX gene family in Chinese cabbage, which were distributed on 6 chromosomes respectively. The number of amino acids was 513-1 154 aa, the relative molecular weight was 56 804.22-127 856.66 kDa, the isoelectric point was 5.35-7.68. Members of BrNHX gene family mainly existed in vacuoles, the gene structure is complete, and the number of exons is 11-22. The secondary structures of the proteins encoded by the NHX gene family in Chinese cabbage had alpha helix, beta turn and random coil, and the alpha helix occurred more frequently. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the gene family members had different responses to high temperature, low temperature, drought and salt stress, and their expression levels differed significantly in different time periods. BrNHX02 and BrNHX09 had the most significant responses to these four stresses, and their expression levels were significantly up-regulated at 72 h after treatments, which could be used as candidate genes to further verify their functions.

Beneficial Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Tai Chi on Lower Limb Osteoarthritis: A Biopsychosocial Perspective / 中国结合医学杂志

Lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, multifactorial disease characterized by impaired physical function, chronic pain, compromised psychological health and decreased social functioning. Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of OA. Tai Chi is a type of classical mind-body exercise derived from ancient Chinese martial arts. Evidence supports that Tai Chi has significant benefits for relieving lower limb OA symptoms. Using a biopsychosocial framework, this review aims to elucidate the beneficial effects of Tai Chi in lower limb OA and disentangle its potential mechanisms from the perspective of biology, psychology, and social factors. Complex biomechanical, biochemical, neurological, psychological, and social mechanisms, including strengthening of muscles, proprioception improvement, joint mechanical stress reduction, change of brain activation and sensitization, attenuation of inflammation, emotion modulation and social support, are discussed.

Metabonomic study of biochemical changes in serum of PCPA-induced insomnia rats after treatment with Suanzaoren Decoction / 中国中药杂志

Suanzaoren Decoction(SZRD) is a classical formula for the clinical treatment of insomnia. This study analyzed the effect of SZRD on endogenous metabolites in insomnia rats based on metabonomics and thereby explored the anti-insomnia mechanism of SZRD. To be specific, DL-4-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA) was used to induce insomnia in rats. Then pathological changes of the liver and brain were observed and biochemical indexes such as 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), dopamine(DA), glutamate(Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), and norepinephrine(NE) in the hippocampus and prostaglandin D2(PGD2), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and IL-6 in the serum of rats were detected. On this basis, the effect of SZRD on PCPA-induced insomnia rats was preliminarily assessed. The metabolic profile of rat serum samples was further analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were combined with t-test and variable importance in projection(VIP) to identify differential metabolites, and MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was employed for pathway analysis. The results showed that SZRD could improve the pathological changes of brain and liver tissues, increase the levels of neurotransmitters 5-HT, DA, and GABA in hippocampus and the level of PGD2 in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA axis), and reduce the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum of insomnia rats. Metabonomics analysis yielded 12 significantly changed potential metabolites: 5-aminovaleric acid, N-acetylvaline, L-proline, L-glutamate, L-valine, DL-norvaline, D(-)-arginine, pyroglutamic acid, 1-methylguanine, L-isoleucine, 7-ethoxy-4-methylcoumarin, and phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(MEHP), which were related with multiple biochemical processes including metabolism of D-glutamine and D-glutamate, metabolism of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate, metabolism of arginine and proline, arginine biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism. These metabolic changes indicated that SZRD can improve the metabolism in insomnia rats by regulating amino acid metabolism.

Effect of physical therapy on neuromuscular control dysfunction for chronic ankle instability: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To identify the effectiveness of physical therapy on neuromuscular control dysfunction of chronic ankle instability (CAI). Methods CAI physiotherapy-related systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomized controlled studies and case-controlled studies were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, PEDro, EBSCO and CNKI from October 1st, 2010 to October 1st, 2020. After quality assessment, the research evidence regarding certain intervention was then graded according to the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine. Results A total of 20 articles were included. Intervention based on unstable plane exercise training could significantly improve lower limb balance control ability (Ⅰ A) and muscle strength (Ⅱ A) for CAI patients. The efficiency of exercise-based intervention could be further raised (Ⅱ C) with the aid of external equipment, but either the benefits in muscle reaction (Ⅲ C) or proprioception (Ⅱ D) was limited. Six sessions or more of manual therapy could be used to enhance the balance ability of the lower limbs (Ⅱ B), while taping failed to provide improvements in ankle proprioception in short period or immediately (Ⅰ A). Conclusion Unstable plane training-based therapeutic exercise and manual therapy could effectively enhance the neuromuscular control with high-quality evidence supporting, which can be primary interventions for CAI patients. Meanwhile, taping and other external devices could be used as adjunct methods to improve the efficiency of physiotherapy program, while there is currently no evidence to support the application of modality treatment in neuromuscular control of CAI.

Protective Effect of Gentiopicroside Against Liver Injury in Mice via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of gentiopicroside （GPS） in preventing acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄） in mice and its effect on the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor-<italic>κ</italic>B （NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） signaling pathway. Method:Sixty mice were randomly divided into a normal control group， a model group， a silymarin group （150 mg·kg^-1）， and high- （200 mg·kg^-1）， medium- （100 mg·kg^-1）， and low-dose （50 mg·kg^-1） GPS groups， with 10 in each group. The mice in the groups with drug intervention were administered correspondingly by gavage at 10 mL·kg^-1， and those in the normal control group and the model group receive an equal volume of distilled water， once per day. Ten days after administration， mice in the normal control group were subjected to the intraperitoneal injection of peanut oil （10 mL·kg^-1） and those in other groups were injected with peanut oil （10 mL·kg^-1） containing 0.12% CCl₄for the induction of acute liver injury model. After fasting for 16 hours， blood was collected from eyeballs and liver tissues were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissues. The content or activities of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bilirubin （TBIL）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）， and <italic>γ</italic>-glutamyl transpeptidase （<italic>γ</italic>-GT） in the serum， malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in liver tissues were determined by biochemistry techniques. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in liver tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-<italic>κ</italic>B in liver tissues. The expression of phosphorylated NF-<italic>κ</italic>B （p-NF-<italic>κ</italic>B） was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with the normal control group， the model group showed increased levels of ALT， AST， ALP， TBIL， <italic>γ</italic>-GT， and MDA （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and blunted activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high- and medium-dose GPS groups exhibited declining levels of ALT， AST， ALP， TBIL， <italic>γ</italic>-GT， and MDA （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01） and potentiated T-SOD and GSH-Px activities （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the normal control group， the model group displayed elevated levels of TNF-<italic>α</italic>， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and IL-6 in liver tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and increased protein expression of TLR4， MyD88， and p-NF-<italic>κ</italic>B （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high- and medium-dose GPS groups showed decreased TNF-<italic>α</italic>， IL-1<italic>β</italic>， and IL-6 content in liver tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01） and dwindled TLR4， MyD88， and p-NF-<italic>κ</italic>B protein expression （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:GPS possesses a protective effect on mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl₄， and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-<italic>κ</italic>B signaling pathway and inhibition of oxidative stress.

Incidence of central nervous system metastases in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab: A meta-analysis

This study aimed to estimate the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastases in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated with trastuzumab. Studies were identified through a literature search of electronic databases. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate the incidence rate of CNS metastases, trastuzumab therapy duration, and time from trastuzumab therapy to CNS metastasis diagnosis. A meta-analysis of odds ratios was performed to evaluate the significance of a difference in CNS metastasis incidence between patients with and without trastuzumab treatment. Thirty studies (8121 trastuzumab-treated and 3972 control patients) were included. The follow-up duration was 18.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.8, 24.1). The trastuzumab treatment duration was 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.0, 11.0). The median interval between the start of trastuzumab therapy and CNS metastasis diagnosis was 12.2 months (95% CI: 9.5, 14.7). The incidence of CNS metastasis after the start of trastuzumab therapy was 22% (95% CI: 16, 27). The incidence of CNS metastases was significantly higher in trastuzumab-treated than in non-trastuzumab-treated patients (odds ratio: 1.39 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.82], p=0.02). The survival time from the start of the study was 23.4 months (95% CI: 19.7, 27.1) in trastuzumab-treated patients and 18.4 months (95% CI: 12.7, 24.1) in patients treated with control regimens. The survival time after the development of CNS metastases in trastuzumab-treated patients was 19.2 months (95% CI: 15.6, 25.9). Approximately 22% of patients with HER2-positive MBC who were treated with trastuzumab developed CNS metastases. However, trastuzumab-treated patients had a longer survival than patients who were not treated with trastuzumab.

Comparison of high blood pressure among children and adolescents in Suzhou based on different references / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) among children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in Suzhou by using different references, and to provide a reference for the application of standard of blood pressure among children.@*Methods@#Data of 6 972 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years were collected by stratified cluster random sampling method to determine the prevalence of HBP based on 2017 AAP Guidelines for Childhood Hygertension(America 2017), National Blood Pressure Reference for Chinese Han Children based on Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health in 2010 (Ma 2017), blood pressure guidelines based on their investigation in mainland children and adolescents (Mi 2017) and blood pressure guidelines based on data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey during the year of 1999-2009 (CHNS 2013).@*Results@#Referred to Ma 2017 reference, the prevalence of HBP was highest with 12.7%, followed by America 2017 with 16.3%, Mi 2017 with 17.4%, and CHNS2013 with 25.5%. In boys, HBP prevalence based on America 2017 was close to that using Mi 2017 among children younger than 13 years old, and was close to that using Ma 2017 among those≥14 years old. In girls, HBP prevalence based on America 2017 was close to that using Mi 2017 among those≤12 years old, and was close to that using Ma 2017 among those ≥13 years old. Compared with America 2017 reference, kappa value based on Mi 2017 was better than Ma 2017 in boys(0.81, 0.77), opposite result was found in girls(0.86, 0.85). Kappa value were the lowest based on CHNS 2013.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of HBP among children in Suzhou achieve a high level. Ma 2017, Mi 2017, and CHNS2013 references show different advantages among various gender and age groups.

Effects of Shenmai injection on the expression of p38MAPK and the apoptosis-related genes in lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of Shenmai injection(SM) on p38MAPK and the apoptosis-related genes in lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in rats and to investigate the protective mechanism of SM.@*METHODS@#Rat model of intestinal I/R injury was established with clamping of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 60 min and then clamping was relieved for 60 min. Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with eight rats in each: control group, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion group(I/R group), Shenmai injection treated group (SM+I/R group). Lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D), the contents of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and total phospholipid(TPL) which are the major ingredients of pulmonary surfactant were measured, as well as the expression levels of p38MAPK, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in lung tissue were examined by using immunohistochemical method.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control group, lung W/D was significantly increased, the contents of PC and TPL were significantly decreased, the protein expression levels of p38MAPK, Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly increased in I/R group (all P＜0.01). But Bax protein expression was much greater than Bcl-2 protein expression, the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were significantly decreased in I/R group than that in control group (P＜0.01). Compared with I/R group, lung W/D was significantly decreased, while the contents of PC and TPL were significantly increased, the p38MAPK and Bax protein expression levels were significantly decreased in SM+I/R group (all P＜0.01); both Bcl-2 protein expression and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were significantly increased in SM+I/R group than those in I/R group (P＜0.01). The correlation analysis indicated that the expression level of p38MAPK protein in lung tissue was negatively correlated with the contents of PC and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax (r is -0.787 and -0.731, all P＜0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#SM can protect the lung injury induced by intestinal I/R injury, which may be mediated by inhibiting the activation of p38MAPK, improving the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax to inhibit lung apoptosis.

Advance in Whole Body Periodic Acceleration for Cardiovascular System (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

As a novel intervention, whole body periodic acceleration (WBPA) shows a variety of benefits to the cardiovascular system, such as reducing pulmonary arteria hypertension (PAH), improving coronary flow reserve (CFR) and increasing blood perfusion of organs as well as tissues. The underlying mechanisms of WBPA may lie in the increase of blood flow rate and endothelium shear stress, activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine threonine kinase (PI3K-Akt) and mitogen extracellular signal regulated kinases/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK-ERK1/2) signal pathway and the release of nitric oxide.

Advance in Voluntary Postural Control Assessment (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Postural control plays a crucial role in maintaining posture stability and improving performance efficiency. It involves involuntary and voluntary components. There is not a unified model for assessment of voluntary postural control. Based on the research framework of voluntary postural control, this paper reviewed three common voluntary postural control assessment tools (Timed "Up and Go" Test, Balance Evaluation System Test and Unified Balance Scale). The Timed “Up and Go” Test contains various capabilities which are recommended by the framework. There are few restrictions on the facilities and test circumstance, and it can be used in different populations. Balance Evaluation System Test consists of three different versions; each of them has high structure validity and shows different characteristics in the evaluation of voluntary postural control. The items of Unified Balance Scale also cover most of capabilities provided by the framework, and there are quality control methods in the scale. These tools would be selected according to purpose, occasion and time of study, or used in combination.

Review and analysis of the treatment of polycentric osteosarcoma in China / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of osteosarcoma in China and analyze the incidence and clinical treatment of osteosarcoma.Methods The clinical data of 1 593 patients with osteosarcoma in 7 bone cancer treatment centers from January 2000 to February 2017 were analyzed.We retrieved large samples of documents in the database,extracted the relevant data and compared the data with this study.SPSS 13 software was used for statistical analysis and each factor was tested by x2.Results Of 1 593 patients,984 were males and 609 were females.The ratio of male to female was 1.62∶ 1.The average age was 23.2 years (range from 3-80 years).The peak age of onset was 11-20 years (52.4％).There were 217 elderly patients (＞ 40 years old).The tumors occurred in 1 524 limbs and 69 in axial bone.The most common sites of disease were distal femur 706 cases,proximal tibia 375 cases,distal humerus 117 cases and others 395 cases.There were 1 154 cases (71％) around the knee joint.The axial bone included 18 cases of spine,49 cases of pelvis and 2 cases of rib.Preoperative biopsy was performed in 1 111 cases and incisional biopsy in 280 cases.Preoperative diagnosis could be made in 1 345 cases (84.4％ of all patients,accounting for 96.7％ of biopsy patients).There were 79 cases with metastasis at first visit,accounting for 5％.Preoperative chemotherapy was performed in 1 185 cases (74.4％).With the DIA preoperative chemotherapy 271 cases,DIA+MTX 251 cases,AP 149 cases.220 cases of tumor cell necrosis rate was evaluated after operationaccording to the Huvos classification.There were78 cases of grade Ⅰ,105 cases of Ⅱ grade,35 cases of Ⅲ and 2 cases of grade Ⅳ.There were 1 299 cases undergoingpostoperative chemotherapy (81.5％),1 306 patients undergoinglimb salvage surgery (82％).Thespecific operation with prosthetic replacement is the most common (911 cases,69.8％).The postoperative chemotherapy included DIA+MTX regimen 471 cases,DIA regimen 266 cases and AP regimen 98 cases.Before and after the operation,379 cases were treated with the same chemotherapy regimen and 666 cases were changed.A total of 18 large sample documents were retrieved in Chinese data base (5 684 cases).The sex ratio,age range,peak incidence and location of the disease were similar to those of this study.The average age was 1-2 years old younger.The percentage of lung metastases associated with initial visits washigher.The rate of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and limb salvage waslowand the rate of tumor necrosis wasbetter after chemotherapy.A total of 22 large sample literatures were searched in foreign database (12 850 cases).The ratio of men and women is 1.30∶1 and the proportion of women is higher than the domestic data.The average age was 1-2 years older.The ratio of the knee joint was lower.The percentage of lung metastases associated with initial visits washigher.The rate of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy and limb salvage were similar to that of this study and the rate of tumor necrosis was better after chemotherapy.Conclusion The general situation of the incidence of osteosarcoma (sex,age,location of the disease) is not significantly different from the previous reports both at home and abroad.In the treatment,preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy rate and limb salvage surgery rate have improved significantly compared with the past.The chemotherapy program from the coexistence of various programs,gradually to the DIA+MTX and DIA program as the mainstream program.

Network Meta-analysis of Chinese medical injections for heart failure / 中国中药杂志

To assess the clinical efficacy of Chinese medical injection (CMI) for heart failure by using network Meta-analysis method. The relative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CMI for heart failure were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMbase in July 2017. RCTs on the comparison of two kinds of CMIs for heart failure were included. Two researchers independently completed the literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation according to the pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the results were crossed checked. The data were analyzed by Win Bugs, and STATA software was used for plotting. Finally, 13 RCTs were included, involving 5 kinds of CMIs and 1 538 patients. According to the quality evaluation, the appropriate random dividing methods were reported in only two RCTs, double-blindness was used in only one RCT, and even none of the RCTs mentioned allocation concealment. Network Meta-analysis showed that Shenmai injection had the greatest effect in the clinical efficacy for patients with heart failure, which was followed by Shenfu Injection. However, Shenfu Injection was most effective in improving the patients' left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), which was followed by Shenmai Injection. Therefore, Shenfu Injection and Shenmai Injection had certain advantages in treating heart failure. However, due to the limited sample size and the poor literature quality, more studies were required to verify the strength of evidence. We suggest that further studies shall pay more attention to the improvement of the methodological quality, increase the follow-up period, and strengthen the observation of cardiovascular end points.

Efficacy of dermal scaffold for promoting repair of acute full-thickness skin defects in pigs / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of Lando dermal scaffold for promoting repair of acute full-thickness skin defects in pigs and explore the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three 5 cm×5 cm full-thickness skin defects were created on the left dorsal skin (control group) and another 3 on the right dorsal skin (treatment group) of each of 6 Tibetan pigs. The wounds in the treatment group were covered with a bilayer artificial skin (Lando) and the control wounds with vaseline gauze. In both groups, autogenous split-thickness skin were grafted to the wounds 2 weeks later (with the silicone rubber membrane removed before grafting in the treatment group). At 3 days and 2 and 10 weeks after the injury, the wounds were assessed for general condition and contraction, and tissue samples were collected from the wounds to examine the expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) using immunohistochemistry and the expressions of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 mRNA using RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 3 days after the injury, the wounds in the 2 groups showed no significant differences in the results of any examinations. At 2 weeks after the injury, the wounds in the treatment group showed rich and more smooth granulation tissues with more regular wound edges compared with the control wounds. At 2 and 10 weeks after the injury, the wound contraction rates in the treatment group were (30.5∓3.4)% and (39.2∓2.8)%, respectively, significantly lower than the rates of (51.8∓2.6)% (t=-29.840, P=0.000) and (60.7∓2.2)% (t=-50.213, P=0.000) in the control group. At 2 weeks, the wound tissues in the treatment group expressed significantly higher levels of α-SMA (t=15.921, P=0.000) and TGF-β1 (t=29.995, P=0.000) than the control wounds, but at 10 weeks, the expressions of α-SMA (t=-41.823, P=0.000) and TGF-β1 (t=-99.777, P=0.000) in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Compared with those in the control group, the expression of MMP-1 mRNA in the treatment group was significantly lower at 2 weeks (t=-45.412, P=0.000) but significantly higher at 10 weeks (t=78.769, P=0.000), and the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA in the treatment group was significantly lower both at 2 weeks (t=-27.064, P=0.000) and at 10 weeks (t=-40.535, P=0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lando dermal scaffold can promote granulation tissue growth possibly in relation with increased TGF-β1 and decreased MMP-1 expression in the wounds. This scaffold material also reduces wound contraction and lessens scar hyperplasia and contracture after wound healing, probably as a result of decreased α-SMA, TGF-β1, and TIMP-1 and increased MMP-1 expressions.</p>

Compatible Stability of Cyclophosphamide and Mesna Admixture for Injection in 4 Commonly Used Infusions / 中国药师

Objective: To study the compatible stability of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and Mesna admixture for injection in 4 commonly used infusions (5% glucose injection,0.9% sodium chloride injection,fructose injection and xylitol injection) at different temperatures.Methods: An HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of CTX for injection in 24h respectively under 5℃ and 25℃.The appearance and pH value of the admixture were investigated.Results: No significant changes of appearance, pH value or content of the admixture were found out in 24h under 5℃ and 25℃.Conclusion: CTX and Mesna admixture for injection is compatible with the 4 commonly used infusions under 5℃ and 25℃ for clinical use in 24 h.

Effects of vacuum drainage combined with heparin irrigation for treatment of scald burns with seawater immersion in rabbits / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of closed vacuum drainage combined with heparin irrigation in the treatment of scald burns with seawater immersion in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty New Zealand rabbits were subjected to deep partial-thickness scald burns in 4 regions on the bilateral skin of the spine. The wounds were managed with common dressing (group A), common dressing after seawater immersion (group B), closed vacuum drainage after seawater immersion (group C), or closed vacuum drainage combined with heparin irrigation after seawater immersion (group D). Wound effusion and tissue necrosis were observed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after the burns. Tissue samples were collected from the wounds for HE staining and immunohistochemistry for VEGF and CD31, and the changes of capillary endothelial cells in the wound were observed using electron microscopy. The water content in the wound tissues was determined, and the wound healing rate was calculated after the injury.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sea water immersion of the wound results in earlier onset of edema and more extensive tissue necrosis in the scalded rabbits. The mean necrotic area in groups C and D was smaller than that in group B early after the burns, and vacuum drainage promoted necrotic tissue elimination and accelerated wound healing. Early after the burns, water content in the tissues increased with time in all the groups and reached the highest level at 3 days, and was significantly lower in groups C and D than in group B. Pathologically, vascular endothelial cell damage at the wound site was worsened after seawater immersion. In group D, the basement membrane damage was milder and the endothelial cell membrane remained intact at the wound site, where new blood vessels occurred at 3 days after the burns, a time earlier than that in the other 3 groups with also the highest vascular density.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Closed vacuum drainage combined with heparin irrigation can relieve edema at the scald wound with seawater immersion, improve microcirculation, accelerate the removal of necrotic tissue, and promote the growth of new blood vessels.</p>

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in deep second-degree scald wounds in rats / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in deep second-degree scald wounds,with an attempt to further explore the role of VEGF in burn wound healing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 36 adult Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: the scald group(30 rats)and the control group(6 rats). In the scald group,rat models of deep second-degree scald wounds were established. Full-thickness tissues of the wounds were collected respectively 1,3,7,14,and 21 days after the modeling. The expressions of the VEGF mRNA and protein were detected with real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot,respectively. In the control group,the same procedures were performed but without modeling.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group,the expressions of VEGF mRNA and proteins were significantly higher in the scald group(P<0.05). The expression levels reached the peak on day 1,gradually decreased on day 3,reached the lowest points on day 14,but increased again on day 21.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VEGF is involved in the healing of scald burns. The expression of VEGF during the wound healing is closely correlated with the wound angiogenesis.</p>

Effect of Slug knock-down on tumor formation and metastasis of HCT116 cells in nude mice / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of RNAi mediated Slug silencing on the growth and metastasis of colon cancer in nude mice.Methods: HCT116 colon cancer cells use for 24 five-week-old nude mice implanted subcutaneously , established colon cancer xenograft model in nude mice ,all divided into blank control group ,negative control group and the experimental group ,each group had eight nude mices.All group were injected with saline , negative plasmid and lentivirus vectors respectively.Tumor growth was observed and draw tumor curved growth ,changes in tumor growth and lymph node metastasis between the groups were observed ,Slug gene and protein expression were detected by immunohistochemistry ,qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis.Results: Slug gene shRNA intervention group compared with the control group and negative control group ,tumor grew slower ,tumor mass was significantly reduced (3.08±0.31 vs 7.37±1.18,7.46±1.16,P＜0.01),experimental group of lymph node-positive rate was 36.3%( 4 /11 ) ,compared to the negative control group 77.8% ( 14/18 ) and the control group was 68.4% ( 13/19 ) ( P＜0.01 ).Conclusion: Targeted Slug RNA interference can significantly inhibit the growth of colon cancer in nude mice ,lymph node metastasis and the expression of the gene protein in cancer tissue ,Slug may be a potential molecular target for colon cancer gene therapy.

Clinical observation on repairing of wounds of skin graft donor site with acellular tissue engineering dermal matrix / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of acellular tissue engineering dermal matrix (ATDM) in repairing wounds of skin graft donor site.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with burn or chronic wounds hospitalized from January 2011 to April 2012 received autologous skin grafting. One wound [with size larger than 55 cm(2), and thickness of (0.33 ± 0.03) mm] out of multiple skin graft donor sites of every patient was selected, and it was divided into two parts in accordance with self-control principle. A part of wound close to the wound edge with diameter of 5 cm was taken as trial area (treated with ATDM), and the remaining wound was taken as control area (treated with vaseline gauze) according to the random number table. Blood and urine routine, liver and kidney function, and levels of IgG and IgM in blood of patients were measured one day before operation and on the 1st day after wound healing. Vital signs of patients were recorded on the operation day and the wound healing day. Gross condition of the wounds was observed during dressing change. Wound healing time was recorded. The healed wound was observed histologically. Data were processed with Log rank test or t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Leucocyte count was lowered on the 1st day after wound healing [(7.1 ± 1.2)×10(9)/L] as compared with that one day before operation [(10.1 ± 1.5)×10(9)/L, t = -12.10, P < 0.01]. The differences were not statistically significant in red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, platelet count, urine routine, levels of indexes of liver and kidney function, levels of IgG and IgM in blood between one day before operation and the 1st day after wound healing, or in vital signs (including body temperature, pulse, respiration, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure) between the operation day and the wound healing day (with t values from -1.43 to 1.88, P values all above 0.05). No adverse effects such as abnormal exudation, itching, redness and swelling, and exanthema were observed in the wound. The median wound healing time in trial area was 12 d (95% confidence interval: 11 - 13 d), which was significantly shorter than that in control area [17 d (95% confidence interval: 16 - 18 d), χ(2) = 24.9, P < 0.01]. The healed wound of trial area was closer to the normal skin than that of control area in the shape and distribution of Fb and vascular endothelial cell, and the shape of the basilar membrane and the epidermal layer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ATDM can accelerate healing of wound of skin graft donor site, and no adverse reactions were observed.</p>

Expression of aquaporin-1 in myocardium of rats in the early stage after scald and its relationship with myocardial edema / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) expression in myocardium of scalded rats in early stage of a burn injury, and to analyze its relationship with myocardial edema.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six healthy Wistar rats were divided into normal control (n = 6, without scald) and scald (n = 30) groups according to the random number table. Rats in scald group were inflicted with 30%TBSA full-thickness scald on the back, and intraperitoneally injected with Ringer's solution for antishock treatment. Myocardium tissue from left ventricle and serum specimen in rats of scald group were collected at post scald hours (PSH) 2, 8, 12, 24, and 48 (with 6 rats at each time point). Myocardial water ratio was determined by dry-wet weight method. The distribution of AQP-1 protein in myocardium was observed with immunohistochemical staining. The expression of myocardial AQP-1 mRNA was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR. The serum content of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) was determined with ELISA. The rats in normal control group were detected with above-mentioned method. Data were processed with one way analysis of variance and LSD test. Correlation analysis was performed between AQP-1 mRNA and myocardial water ratio, AQP-1 mRNA and the serum content of cTnI in scald group at each time point.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with that in normal control group, the myocardial water ratio in scald group was markedly increased during PSH 8-48 (P values all below 0.01), and it peaked at PSH 12 [(80.79 ± 0.12)%]. In both groups, AQP-1 was mainly expressed in endothelial cells of capillaries and pericellular membrane of myocardial cells. The expression of AQP-1 in scald group was markedly increased from PSH 2 to PSH 48. The expression of myocardial AQP-1 mRNA in scald group was markedly higher from PSH 2 to PSH 48 than that in normal control group (P values all below 0.01), and it peaked at PSH 12 [(6.2 ± 0.7)%]. The serum content of cTnI in scald group was obviously higher from PSH 2 to PSH 48 than that in normal control group (P values all below 0.01), and it peaked at PSH 12 [(5.83 ± 0.51) µg/L]. There were statistically positive correlations between AQP-1 mRNA expression and myocardial water ratio (r = 0.849, P < 0.01), AQP-1 mRNA expression and the serum content of cTnI (r = 0.973, P < 0.01) in scald group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AQP-1 may play a key role in the development of myocardial edema in rats with scald.</p>

Association between chronic kidney dysfunction and the complexity of coronary artery disease in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the association between chronic kidney dysfunction and the complexity of coronary artery disease in elderly patients.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 1380 consecutive patients underwent coronary angiography for the first time in our hospital and with angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease from January 2011 to June 2012.The complexity of coronary artery disease were classified according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) grading system as types A,B1,B2,and C.Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease(MDRD)equation.Patients were classified into 3 stages according to eGFR as follows:normal renalfunction(n=234,eGFR≥90 ml· min-1 · 1.73 m-2),mild renaldysfunction(n=881,60≤eGFR＜90 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2,and moderate or severe renaldysfunction(n=265,eGFR＜60ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2).Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the association between chronic kidney dysfunction and the complexity of coronary artery disease.Results Patients with mild,moderate or severe renal dysfunction were older (F=56.82,P＜0.001),more predominantly female (x2 =66.29,P＜ 0.001) and more likely to have history of hypertension (x2 =17.57,P ＜ 0.001),diabetes (x2=20.97,P＜0.001) and hyperlipidemia (x2=10.48,P 0.005) than those with normal renal function.The percentage of lesions of types B2 or C in moderate or severe renal dysfunction group was higher than that in normal renal function group (x2=175.03,P＜0.001).The ordinal logistic regression showed that age,male,hypertension,diabetes,C-reactive protein and eGFR were independent risk factors for the ACC/AHA lesion classification.Conclusions Age,male,hypertension,diabetes,C-reactive protein and eGFR are independent risk factors for the complexity of coronary artery disease.