Analysis of spectrum-activity relationship among antioxidant parts of Lycii Fructus using three different chemometrics methods / 中国中药杂志

The chemical components of Lycii Fructus were analyzed by liquid chromatography( LC) and mass spectrometry( MS for the establishment of spectrum-activity relationship,on the basis of which its antioxidant active ingredients were determined. In this experiment,Lycii Fructus was extracted with different solvents and then separated into 80 samples by macroporous adsorption resin and reversed-phase chromatography,respectively. The antioxidant components were enriched into 11 samples and their scavenging abilities against DPPH free radical and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power( FRAP) were significantly stronger than those before the treatment( P<0. 05). The spectrum-activity relationship regarding the antioxidant activity in vitro of Lycii Fructus was established by Pearson correlation analysis,orthogonal partial least squares( OPLS) and elastic net regression. Six chromatographic peaks greatly contributing to the antioxidant activity in vitro of Lycii Fructus were identified as rutin( P6),quercetin( P35),scopoletin( P14),N-cis-feruloyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-tyramine or N-( 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-trans-feruloyl)-tyramine( P8), ferulic acid( P13) and1,3,5-dihydroxy-2-isoprenyl-3-xanthone( P23). The active components associated with free radical scavenging were rutin and quercetin both belonging to flavonoids. The reduction of Fe3+was based on phenylpropanoids such as ferulic acid,scopoletin,xanthone and phenolic amides. These results indicated that the antioxidant activity of Lycii Fructus was ascribed to the synergistic action of different products through different ways. Besides,the data analysis model should be chosen carefully for the establishment of spectrum-activity relationship,thus ensuring the reliability of results.

Mechanism of Liuwei Dihuangtang on Learning and Memory in Depressive Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Liuwei Dihuangtang on memory impairment in rats with chronic depression. Method::Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group (normal saline), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model group (normal saline), and low, medium and high-dose Liuwei Dihuangtang groups (2.60, 7.81, 23.50 g·kg-1·d-1). Except for the normal group, all of the other groups were included in the chronic unpredictable mild stress model. Weight were measured every week, changes in their behavioral indicators were observed. The mRNA expressions of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the rat hippocampus were determined by real-time fluorescence quantification polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The concentration of serum estrogen was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Result::Compared with normal group, model group showed decreases in weight, activity and interest. Liuwei Dihuangtang (2.60, 7.81, 23.50 g·kg-1) significantly increased the sucrose preference of CUMS rats (P<0.01) and standing times in the open field test (P<0.01), doses of 7.81, 23.50 g·kg-1 significantly increased the total distance of the open field test (P<0.05, P<0.01), doses of 2.60, 7.81 g·kg-1 shortened the latency of water maze experiment (P<0.01), and dose of 7.81 g·kg-1 increased serum estrogen concentration (P<0.05). The mRNA expressions of GPR30, PI3K, CREB and BDNF in hippocampus of CUMS model group decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01), but the mRNA expression levels of GPR30, CREB in hippocampus of 2.60 g·kg-1 dose Liuwei Dihuangtang group increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the mRNA expression levels of GPR30, PI3K, CREB, BDNF in hippocampus of 7.81 g·kg-1 dose group increased significantly as well (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion::Liuwei Dihuangtang has effect in resisting depression, and reversing depression-like behavior and learning and memory impairment in CUMS rats, with the best effect in the medium-dose Liuwei Dihuangtang group. Its mechanism may be related to increase of serum estrogen and mRNA expressions of GPR30, PI3K, CREB and BDNF in rat hippocampus.

Research progress on chemical constituents and quality control of Tripterygium wilfordii preparations / 中国中药杂志

Tripterygium wilfordii preparations,with various biological activities such as immunosuppressive,anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects,are widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,lupus erythematosus,and nephrotic syndrome. They have definite therapeutic effect,but often cause serious adverse reactions and result in damages to liver,kidney,blood,reproduction,and other systems due to their complex compositions,great toxicity,and narrow margin between the toxic and therapeutic dosages. At present,T. wilfordii preparations produced by different manufacturers exhibit large variations in clinical efficacy and side effects in account of their different chemical compositions and quality fluctuation due to differences in raw materials and production process. However,the existing quality standards are controversial in terms of index components and content limit,which cannot be effectively used for the overall quality control of the preparations. In this paper,the research progress on chemical constituents,quality standard and quality control methods of four T. wilfordii preparations including Tripterygium Tablets,Tripterygium Zongtie Tablets,Tripterygium Shuangceng Tablets and Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets was reviewed,in order to provide ideas and reference for the quality improvement of this type of preparations.

Comparative study of early enteral nutrition between laparoscopic and open distal gastrectomy / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:To investigate the effect of early postoperative enteral nutrition (EEN) on laparoscopic and open radical gastrectomy.Methods:From January 2015 to December 2016,68 patients with gastric cancer admited in Anqing Hospital,Anhui Medical University,were randomized into laparoscopic group (33 cases) and open group (35 cases).The following parameters were collected:(1) Surgical outcomes and complications;(2) EEN tolerance;(3) postoperative nutritional status;(4) starting time of postoperative chemotherapy.Results:There was no significant difference between groups in terms of operation time,number of lymph node,postoperative complications such as anastomotic fistula,pulmonary infection,incision infection (P ＞ 0.05);whereas the intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in laparoscopic group (P ＜ 0.01).(2) EEN tolerance:Postoperative discomforts,such as abdominal distension,diarrhea and other symptoms occurred significantly less in laparoscopic group (P ＜ 0.01),and time for TEN is significantly shorter (P ＜ 0.01).(3) Postoperative nutritional status:On the 7th day after operation,the nutrition status of the laparoscopic group improved earlier.There was significant difference regarding the detected blood level of prealbumin and C-reactive protein between the two groups (P ＜ 0.01).On the 14th day after operation,the nutritional status of the laparoscopic group improved significantly.The body weight,the right upper arm muscle circumference and the albumin were significantly different between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).(4) The number of cases receiving chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer was significantly higher in laparotomy group than that with open distal gastrectomy.Conclusion:Laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer reduces surgical trauma,and leads to better EEN tolerance and earlier achieved TEN,which is conducive to improving postoperative nutritional status,as well as providing good conditions for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Longitudinal electroencephalographic(EEG) finding in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate(Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis during different courses of the disease. Methods This study enrolled 30 cases of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis patients. A total of 58 EEG monitoring reports and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed based on different disease courses and severity of disease. According to the clinical stages, EEG data was divided into 4 phases: the initial stage (4), the peak stage (23), the improvement stage (16) and the recovery stage(15). Based on severity of disease during the peak stage, patients were divided into mild group(10 cases) and severe group (13 cases). Results Occipital background activity of the EEG was presented in all patients (100%) in the initial stage and in the recovery stage, in 39.1%(9/23)in the peak stage and in 13/16 (81.2%)in the improvement stage. Generalized rhythmic delta activity (GRDA) pattern could only be detected in the peak stage and the improvement stage. In the peak stage, the main presentation of abnormal EEG was diffuse slow-wave (9 cases, 90%) in mild group. GRDA and extreme delta brush(EDB) were more common in severe group than in mild group(P<0.05). Three focal epilepsy including one status epilepticus were detected in three patients in the peak stage. Focal epileptiform discharges in EEG existed in the whole course. Conclusion Occipital background activity and GRDA pattern are evolved and gradually recovered during the course of the disease. The EEG patterns of GRDA and EDB are common in severe anti- NMDA receptor encephalitis patients in the peak stage. Focal epileptiform discharges in EEG can be detected during the whole course.

TNF-α promotes the proliferation of colon cancer cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the effect of treatment with TNF-α on growth ability of colon cancer cells and its possible mechanism.Methods Human colon cancer HT-29 cells were treated with TNF-α(10 nmol/L). The effect of TNF-αon the proliferative ability was examined by cell growth curve assay and MTT assay,respectively. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.Protein levels ofβ-catenin,c-myc and cyclinD1 were detected by Western blot.We also observed the effect of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway blockage by XAV9 3 9 on TNF-α's promoting prolif-eration of colon cancer cells and proteins related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Results Upon treatment with TNF-α,the proliferative ability of HT-29 cells was enhanced (all P＜0.05),G0/G1 phase cell ratio was decreased (P＜0.05),and S phase cell ratio was increased (P＜0.05).The protein levels ofβ-catenin,c-myc and cyclinD1 were increased in TNF-α-treated HT-29 cells (all P＜0.05).XAV939 treatment resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation ability (all P＜0.05)as well as the protein levels ofβ-catenin,c-myc and cyclinD1 (all P＜0.05) in the TNF-α-treated HT29 cells.Conclusion TNF-αmay be involved in the occurrence and development of colon cancer by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promoting the proliferation of colon cancer cells.

Study of biological activity and targeted distribution of catesbeianalectin in mouse tissue

Lectin has attracted attention because of its ability to serve as a carrier for targeted drug delivery. Large lectins isolated from marine invertebrates and crustaceans have strong immunogenicity and adverse effects, which limit their usefulness. This study reports the identification of catesbeianalectin via screening a bullfrog skin cDNA library. The catesbeianalectin polypeptide has a molecular weight of 1.47 kD, making it the smallest known lectin in terms of molecular weight. Circular dichroism analysis showed a PPII helix secondary structure. Catesbeianalectin strongly induces agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes and a variety of pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus suis type 2, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and piglet paratyphoid Salmonella. The mean serum titer in catesbeianalectin-immunized Balb/c mice was 1:25, which was significantly lower than that of positive controls immunized with wheat germ agglutinin. Surface plasmon resonance indicated an S-type lectin. 125I-labeled catesbeianalectin did not pass the blood-brain barrier. This study provides a basis for further research on the potential of catesbeianalectin as a carrier in targeted drug delivery

Neutralization of Interleukin-9 Decreasing Mast Cells Infiltration in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Th9 cells are a newly discovered CD4+ T helper cell subtype, characterized by high interleukin (IL)-9 secretion. Growing evidences suggest that Th9 cells are involved in the pathogenic mechanism of multiple sclerosis (MS). Mast cells are multifunctional innate immune cells, which are perhaps best known for their role as dominant effector cells in allergies and asthma. Several lines of evidence point to an important role for mast cells in MS and its animal models. Simultaneously, there is dynamic "cross-talk" between Th9 and mast cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the IL-9-mast cell axis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and determine its interaction after neutralizing anti-IL-9 antibody treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5 in each group): mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE (EAE group), EAE mice treated with anti-IL-9 antibody (anti-IL-9 Abs group), and EAE mice treated with IgG isotype control (IgG group). EAE clinical score was evaluated. Mast cells from central nervous system (CNS) were detected by flow cytometry. The production of chemokine recruiting mast cells in the CNS was explored by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In mice with MOG-induced EAE, the expression of IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) complexes in CNS and spleen mast cells was also explored by RT-PCR, and then was repeating validated by immunocytochemistry. In vitro, spleen cells from EAE mice were cultured with anti-IL-9 antibody, and quantity of mast cells was counted by flow cytometry after co-culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with IgG group, IL-9 blockade delayed clinical disease onset and ameliorated EAE severity (t = -2.217, P = 0.031), accompany with mast cells infiltration decreases (day 5: t = -8.005, P < 0.001; day 15: t = -11.857, P < 0.001; day 20: t = -5.243, P = 0.001) in anti-IL-9 Abs group. The messenger RNA expressions of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (t = -5.932, P = 0.003) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (t = -4.029, P = 0.004) were significantly decreased after IL-9 neutralization in anti-IL-9 Abs group, compared with IgG group. In MOG-induced EAE, the IL-9R complexes were expressed in CNS and spleen mast cells. In vitro, splenocytes cultured with anti-IL-9 antibody showed significantly lower levels of mast cells in a dose-dependent manner, compared with splenocytes cultured with anti-mouse IgG (5 μg/ml: t = -0.894, P = 0.397; 10 μg/ml: t = -3.348, P = 0.019; 20 μg/ml: t = -7.639, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study revealed that IL-9 neutralization reduced mast cell infiltration in CNS and ameliorated EAE, which might be relate to the interaction between IL-9 and mast cells.</p>

Correlation analysis of NLR,PLR and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma / 中国综合临床

Objective To analyze the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) in peripheral blood and the therapeutic effect and prognosis of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors.Methods Retrospective analysis was utilized to measure the clinical pathological characteristics and follow-up data of 40 cases with advanced lung adenocarcinoma definitely diagnosed by pathology.Correlation analysis was performed by Spearman test,and comparison of the sample rate was measured by the chi square test.Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method,Log-rank test was used to compare patients survival difference among different groups.COX regression model was utilized to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with lung cancer.Results Through the ROC curve,the optimal cut-off points of NLR and PLR were calculated to be 3.74 and 205.1 respectively.In NLR<3.74 group,objective response rate(ORR),the median progression-free survival(PFS) and the median overall survival(OS) were 86.9%(20/23),9.02 months and 12.37 months respectively.In NLR ≥3.74 group,ORR,the median PFS and the median OS was ORR were 35.2%(6/17),3.15 months and 5.12 months respectively.Compared with NLR ≥ 3.74 group,NLR<3.74 group had a higher ORR(P=0.036),PFS(P=0.011) and OS(P=0.021),the difference was statistically significant.In PLR<205.1 group,ORR,the median PFS and the median OS was ORR were 85.7%(18/21),9.67 months and 14.35 months respectively.In PLR ≥ 205.1 group,ORR,the median PFS and the median OS was ORR were 42.1%(8/19),3.21 months and 9.25 months respectively.Compared with group PLR ≥ 205.1,PLR<205.1 group had a higher ORR(P=0.045) and PFS(P=0.018),the difference was statistically significant.COX multivariate analysis showed that NLR was an independent prognostic factor for PFS(RR=1.091,95%CI:1.004-1.185,P=0.039) and OS(RR=0.986,95%CI:0.932-1.148,P=0.021).PLR was an independent prognostic indicator of PFS(RR=1.100,95%CI:0.996-1.005,P=0.024).Conclusion NLR and PLR may be independent prognostic factors in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Study on Medication Regularity of Famous TCM Doctors for Diabetes Based on Improved Apriori Algorithm / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To analyze the medication regularity of TCM famous doctors for diabetes by using improved Apriori algorithm to obtain more efficient data mining methods. Methods This article put forward Apriori vertical data storage, and improved ADPM obtained by difference set method was used to conduct data mining to find out the medication regularity in Guo Jia Ji Ming Lao Zhong Yi Tang Niao Bing Yan An Liang Fang. Results After screening, 402 prescriptions were included, involving 24 kinds of high-frequency medicine, 15 high-frequency medical combinations, and 18 highly-dependent medical combinations, which were mainly tonifying deficiency medicine, clearing heat medicine, blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicine, and damp-draining diuretic medicine. Conclusion ADPM algorithm can be applied in the analysis on medication regularity and find out high-frequency medicine, medical combinations and medical dependent relation, with high efficiency.

Effect of arthroscopic internal fixation and fusion for the treatment of patients with advanced ankle arthritis and the influence of AOFAS and VAS score / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To study the effect of arthroscopic internal fixation combined with arthrodesis on patients with advanced ankle arthritis and American Orthopedic Ankle Association Scoring System (AOFAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Methods 84 patients with advanced ankle arthritis from January 2012 to January 2015 were randomly divided into experimental group (42 cases) and control group (42 cases) by random number method. The patients in the control group were treated with traditional open ankle arthrodesis, the experimental group under the arthroscopic assisted internal fixation joint fusion. Then compare the time of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospitalization time and complication. The follow-up period was 12 to 36 months. Used the AOFAS score system to evaluate the curative effect. Use VAS to evaluate the degree of ankle pain. Results The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The postoperative hospital stay and the time of joint fusion were lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of complication (9.52%) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (25.57%) (P < 0.05). The results of follow-up showed that the VAS and AOFAS scores of the experimental group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The procedure of arthroscopic endoscopic fusion is short, the bleeding rate is low, the incidence of complications is low, the healing rate is high, and the follow-up effect is accurate. It is suitable for clinical use.

Analysis of risk factors and distribution characteristics in first-ever acute ischemic stroke with large ar-tery atherosclerotic stenosis / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and risk factors of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis ischemic stroke. Methods We retrospectively collected 342 consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Clinical data was collected including demographics, the presence of risk factors,MRI with MRA and other routine admis?sion laboratory tests. Results Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) was located most frequently in MCA (47.0%), Extracranial internal carotid artery was the most common affected artery (65.0%) among extracranial atherosclerotic steno? sis (ECAS). MetS (OR=1.586,95%CI:1.232~2.268), ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (OR=1.926,95%CI:1.051~4.288), were as?sociated with ICAS (vs ECAS), whereas hypertension (OR=3.603,95%CI:1.675~12.485), MetS (OR=2.268,95%CI:1.274~6.103), HbA1c (OR=2.015,95%CI:1.182~5.613) and ApoB/ ApoA I ratio (OR=1.948,95%CI:1.157~4.285) were related to ICAS (vs NCAS). Hypertension (OR=2.437,95%CI:1.492~3.505,P=0.005), Hcy (OR=2.437,95%CI:1.492~3.505,P=0.005) and HbA1c (OR=1.769,95%CI:1.034~3.121, P=0.005) were the independent risk factors re?lated to posterior circulation strokes (vs anterior circulation strokes ) in ICAS strokes. Conclusions The occurrence of ICAS may be more frequent than that of ECAS in ischemic stroke. Posterior circulation ICAS strokes seems to be close?ly associated with metabolic derangement.

The polymorphism of HLA-DRB1/DPB1 in multiple sclerosis and optica neuromyelitis patients / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To explore the role of the polymorphism of HLA-DRB1/DPB1 in patients with multiple scle-rosis (MS) and optica neuromyelitis (NMO). Methods Fifty-three patients with MS, 30 patients with NMO and 93 normal controls were enrolled in the present study. The HLA-DRB1/DPB1 gene polymorphism and allele frequencies were deter-mined by sequencing-based typing. All the subjects were Southern Han Chinese and were born in Southern China. Re-sults The frequencies of DPB1*0501 were higher in NMO patients than in controls, P=0.001, P (corrected)=0.022. The frequencies of DRB1*1602 DPB1*0501 haplotype were higher in NMO patients than in MS patients, P<0.001,P (cor-rected)=0.040. Conclusions There is significant difference in HLA-DRB1/DPB1 gene polymorphism between MS and NMO patients in a Southern Han Chinese population. The HLA-DPB1*0501 allele might be the susceptibility gene poly-morphism of NMO.

Study on the measurement and locating of Baliao points (eight sacral foramina) / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To seek the problems of position, measuring and locating methods of Baliao points (posterior sacral foramina) in modern researches.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using Baliao (eight sacral foramina), Shangliao(BL 31), Ciliao(BL 32), Zhongliao(BL 33), Xialiao(BL 34), Dihoukong (posterior sacral foramina), Dikong (sacral foramina) and Digu(sacrum) as the key words, literature in the database of the CNKI from 1957 to 2012 were re trieved and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Problems were found in the past researches including limited numbers of relative literature, disunity of the measurement targets, complicated terms of indices, disunity of the starting and ending point of measurement, unclear weight of indices, deviation of results, lacking of combination with clinical practice and variety of locating methods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Position of Baliao points (eight sacral foramina) are clear. However, the locating methods are blurred and vary a lot. Study on living body has more significance for measurement and researches. Factors of gender, body weight, height and childbearing should also be taken into consideration. Therefore, it is necessary to find a more accurate and easier way of locating.</p>

CT image features of urinary tract inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the CT image features of urinary tract inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) for use in clinical and differential diagnosis.Methods Eight pathologically proven IMT cases were retrospectively analyzed in this study.There were six female patients and two male patients.Patient average age was 35 (13-62) years.The main clinical manifestations were hematuria and urination pain.Tumors were found in the bladder in 5 cases,in ureter in 2 cases and in urethra in 1 case.All the 8 cases accepted CT scan five of which had contrast enhanced CT scan.The imaging features were then analyzed.Results Of the IMT in bladder,CT scan showed a cauliflower like bladder tumor or round soft tissue mass with even or uneven density of 11.5-36.0 HU.Three tunors were accompanied with necrosis.Four cases had associated adjacent bladder wall thickening and two cases were found with fuzzy surrounding fat space.Ureteral lesions in two cases showed a solid mass with smooth edges and even density of 40.3 HU compared to the surrounding muscle.The urethral lesions had clear mass realm of 17.5-22.6 HU accompanied with calcification.Enhanced CT scan showed that homogeneous or heterogeneous mild to moderate enhancement was found in the tumor.Delayed phase showed consistant enhancement of 102.7-118.6 HU.Conclusion Tumor CT imaging features,particularly the significant and consistant enhancement in delayed phase,provide important information for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the urinary tract IMT.

Clinical and radiological characteristics in five cases of neuromyelitisoptica with tumefactive-like demyelinating lesions / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To analyze clinical and radiological characteristics in 5 cases of neuromyelitisoptica (NMO) with tumefactive-like demyelinating lesions (TDLs).Methods Five NMO patients with TDLs hospitalized during November 2007 and March 2012 were retrospectively analyzed for clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features,as well as therapeutic efficiency and prognoses.Results The male-to-female ratio is 1∶4 and the range of onset ages is 15-44 years old.The median time when TDLs was developed was 36 months after the onset of NMO.The anti-aquaporin 4 was seropositive in all NMO patients with TDLs.Four patients had clinical manifestations of encephalopathy symptoms including coma (n =2),seizures (n =1),narcolepsy (n =1),homonymous hemianopia (n =1).All TDLs grew unilaterally.Two TDLs were located at parietal-occipital,1 at parietal,I at the cerebellum and 1 at the temporal.On MRI,there was no enhanced signal in 4 TDLs,and there was open-ring-like enhanced signals in 1 case.Three TDLs revealed mixed signals intensities on diffusion-weighted images and an increase in the apparent diffusion coeficient values.On the subsequent MRIs,the sizes of 5 TDLs were markedly reduced in 3 cases,disappeared in 1 and another 1 case remained the same.Meanwhile,3 lesions subsequently developed cavity forming.Five cases improved after treatment of high-dose corticosteroid and intravenous immune globulin.Conclusions TDLs is not uncommon in NMO.Encephalopathysymptoms are more frequently affected in NMO with TDLs.TDLs often accompany with extensive vasogenic edema,but without enhancement in acute stage.NMO-IgG antibody testing and brain MRI are important in the diagnosis of TDLs.The therapy of corticosteroid and intravenous immune globulin is recommended.

Relationship between neuromyelitis optica-IgG status and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging in patients with neuromyelitis optica / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Despite the large scale technical innovations that have been made, a number of patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are lacking NMO-IgG in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Longitudinally extensive spinal cord (LESC) lesions and linear lesions are associated with NMO. However, differences of spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, including LESC lesions and linear lesions, between NMO-IgG positive and negative patients still remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between NMO-IgG status and spinal cord MRI features in NMO patients, particularly concerned about LESC lesions and linear lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data and spinal cord MRI of 52 NMO patients were retrospectively analyzed. Eight patients were NMO-IgG negative in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, while 44 were NMO-IgG positive. Quantitative data between the two cohorts were compared by the Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test, the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate qualitative data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NMO-IgG negative patients had a higher sex ratio (male/female) (P = 0.014). On axial MRI, lesions in the NMO-IgG negative group were mostly located in the peripheral cord (50%), and central lesions (55%) were more common in the NMO-IgG positive group (P = 0.051). LESC lesions were common in both cohorts. None of linear lesions was found in NMO-IgG negative patients, while the NMO-IgG positive cohort had significantly more linear lesions (48%) (P = 0.016).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patients with NMO-IgG negativity may have different spinal cord lesion features compared to NMO-IgG positive patients. Diagnosis of NMO cannot be excluded even when NMO-IgG negativity and non-specific spinal lesions occur.</p>

Comparison on therapeutic effect between surround needling plus thin cotton moxibustion and Western medicine for herpes zoster / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic effect between surround needling plus thin cotton moxibustion and western medicine for herpes zoster.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty cases were randomly divided into a surround needling plus thin cotton moxibustion group (observation group, n = 42) and a western medicine group (control group, n = 38) with a randomized controlled method. The observation group was treated with surround needling around the herpes and thin cotton moxibustion on the surface of the herpes, and the control group with oral administration of Acyclovir tablet plus topical Acyclovir cream. The scores of pain, quantity of herpes, herpes color, anabrosis and exudation changes of herpes and the markedly effective rate in the two groups were compared before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The markedly effective rate was 78.6% (33/42) in the observation group, which was superior to 39.5% in the control group (P < 0.05). All the symptom scores in both the groups were improved obviously after treatment (all P < 0.05), and the observation group was better than the control group (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The therapeutic effect of surround needling plus thin cotton moxibustion on herpes zoster is superior to that of routine western medicine.</p>

Effect of splenectomy on infarct volume in middle cerebral arteryocclusion in rats / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of splenectomy on infarct volume in middle cerebral artery occlusion in focal cerebral ischemia rats and its possible mechanisms.Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into spleneetomy,sham splenectomy,and control groups (n =6 in each group).A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced by the intraluminal suture method 2 weeks after spleneetomy.The rats were decapitated and their brains were removed after 24 hours.The infarct volume was measured with Nissl body staining The number of macrophages in ischemic cortex was detected with immunofluorescence staining Results The infarct volume in the splenectomy group (34.93％ + 3.23％ )was significantly smaller than that in the sham splenectomy group (74.33％ + 2.36％ ; q =39.399,P ＜ 0.001 ) and the control group (77.30％ + 2.62％ ; q =42.369,P ＜ 0.001 ).However,there was no significant difference between the sham splenectomy group and the control group (q =2.970,P =0.082).The number of macrophages of the ischemic cortex in the splenectomy group (3.4 ± 1.07/per high power field) was significantly less than that in the sham splenectomy group (20.7±4.37/per high power field; q =17.300,P＜0.001) and the control group (18.87 ±4.17/per high power field; q =15.467,P ＜0.001).However,there was no significant difference between the sham splenectomy group and the control goup (q =1.833,P =0.384).Conclusions Splenectomy may reduce the infarct volume by reducing the number of macrophages in ischemic corticalregion.

Comparison of clinical features between acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and classical multiple sclerosis / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To improve differential diagnosis between acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ( ADEM) and classical multiple sclerosis ( CMS).Methods All 20 cases of ADEM and 24 cases of CMS were examined.Their epidemiological and clinical findings,laboratory features and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) data were analyzed using x2 test for categorical variables,Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests for continuous variables.Results ADEM and CMS showed no sex predominance.Patients with ADEM ((27 ±15) years) were younger than CMS ((37 ±13) years,Z= -2.218,P =0.027).The following findings were more commonly seen in ADEM compared with CMS:predemyelinating infectious disease (75% vs 4%,x2 =23.652,P = 0.000),fever (65% vs 4%,x2 =18.609,P = 0.000),meningeal irritation sign (40% vs 0,x2 = 9.189,P =0.002),seizure (25% vs 0,x2 =4.514,P = 0.034),and encephalopathy.ADEM patients were more likely to present with blood leucocytosis ( (11.9 ± 5.8) ×109/L vs (8.0±3.2) ×109/L,Z= -2.030,P=0.042),high C-reactive protein (2.74 mg/L vs 0.49 mg/L,Z = - 3.028,P = 0.002),increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (11.00 mm/h vs 7.00 mm/h,Z= -2.406,P =0.016),and cerebrospinal fluid leucocytosis (9 × 106/L vs 2×106/L,Z =- 2.781,P = 0.005).There were no differences in cerebrospinal fluid protein and oligoclonal band between the two groups.The following MRI lesions were more commonly seen in ADEM patients:cortical gray matter lesions (14/20,x2=15.213,P=0.000),basal ganglia gray matter lesions (14/20,x2 =8.910,P = 0.003),and brainstem lesions ( 14/20,x2 = 5.867,P = 0.015).In contrast,lesions in subcortical white matter (21/24,x2 = 17.628,P =0.000),periventricular area (21/24,x2 =15.213,P=0.000) and corpus callosum ( 14/24,x2 = 8.640,P = 0.003 ) were more common in the MRI image of CMS patients.The lesions in spinal cord were usually centrally distributed in ADEM (83% ),while peripherally in CMS (85%,x2 = 11.542,P = 0.001).The lesions had poorly defined margins in ADEM (95%),but well defined margins in CMS (75%,x2 =21.787,P = 0.000).Conclusion There are differences in epidemiological and clinical findings,laboratory features and MRI appearances between ADEM and CMS.