Progress on strategies to promote vascularization in bone tissue engineering / 中国骨伤

With the continuous development of bone tissue engineering, a variety of emerging bone graft materials provided various methods for repairing bone defects. Early and rapid accomplishment of revascularization of materials interior after implantation of bone transplantation materials is a difficulty faced to bone tissue engineering. Blood vessels ingrowth provides the requisite netritional support for the regeneration reconstruction of bone tissue, for this reason, vascularization plays a significant role in bone tissue engineering. However,there is not a golden standard strategy of vascularization at present. Scaffold materials, cells and growth factors still are three indispensable elements in tissue engineering, and are cardinal points of the promoting vascularization strategies. Multiple growth factors or multiple cells combined with scaffolds, which are hot spots, have obtained excellent vascularization. This review focused on the comprehensive strategies for promoting the successful vascularization of tissue engineered scaffolds.

Sequencing and analyses of the adenovirus polymerase gene in fecal samples of captively bred Rhesus macaques / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In an attempt to study the moleculr characterization and epidemiology of simian adenoviruses in nonhuman primate (NHP) populations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We examined a colony of captively bred rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in China for the presence of adenoviral DNA in stool samples. This was done by using the PCR method that targeted the adenovirus polymerase gene, and the PCR positive fragments were cloned for sequencing and phylogenetic analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 57 animals analyzed, fecal samples from 12 animals were positive for the presence of adenoviral DNA. The results suggested that the viral DNA clones were primarily segregated into two large groups: SAdV-6 (2 non-redundant sequences) and SAdV-7 (9 non-redundant sequences). In addition, there were three clones with more similarity to SAdV-1, SAdV-3 and HAdV-52 respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our data confirmed the prevalence of adenoviral DNA in the feces of NHPs and revealed the adenoviruses in the gastrointestinal tract of the study animals. heterogeneity and phylogenetics of the adenoviruses in the gastrointestinal tract of the study animals.</p>

Expression of fibroblast activation protein in HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the gene expression level of fibroblast activation protein in HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma patients and discuss its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>FAP gene expression in 33 hepatocellular carcinoma patients cancer tissues, peficancerous tissues, distant relative normal liver tissues and 13 normal liver tissues were examined by reverse transcription PCR; and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify their expression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>FAP were expressed in all the tissues,the relative expression values in cancer tissues, peficancerous tissues and distant relative normal liver tissues were 5.14 +/- 6.69, 1.58 +/- 0.96, 1.63 +/- 0.94, respectively, the differences were statistically significant (F = 4.401, P < 0.05); and in TNM stage I, II, IIII, they were 2.89 +/- 3.35, 4.15 +/- 4.69, 10.09 +/- 9.51 respectively; in well-differentiated, differentiated and poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma were 1.62 +/- 1.74, 3.84 +/- 3.79, 1.26 +/- 13.34 respectively. The differences were all statistically significant (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FAP may play an important role in the occurrence and development of HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma.</p>

The significance of antimitochondrial IgA and IgG in the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of Anti-M2-3E ELISA for the detection of IgG- and IgA-specific isotypes of antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), and to investigate the significance of antimitochondrial IgA and IgG in the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sera were collected from 107 PBC patients, 87 disease controls and 26 healthy controls, and the antimitochondrial antibodies (IgG and IgA) were detected using indirect immunofluorescence (IFL), Anti-PDC ELISA and Anti-M2-3E ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The AMA IgG positive rate in PBC patients was 90.6% detected by Anti-M2-3E ELISA, which is significantly higher than that (81.3%) detected by IFL(t = 4.32, P < 0.05) and that (72.9%) detected by Anti- PDC ELISA (t = 6.03, P < 0.05). The AMA IgA was positive in 59 of the 107 PBC patients, and 99 of the 107 patients were positive for AMA IgG or/and IgA. 9 of the 20 IFL-negative patients were positive for AMA IgG as indicated by Anti-M2-3E ELISA, 11 of the 20 IFL-negative patients were positive for AMA IgG or/and IgA as indicated Anti-M2-3E ELISA. Compared to patients negative for IgG AMA, patients positive for IgG AMA had more severe histopathology and higher levels of ALP, IgG, and IgM.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The IgG and IgA Anti- M2-3E ELISAs are more sensitive for the AMA detection than IFN and the Anti-PDC ELISA. The presence of AMA IgG is the characteristics of severe PBC.</p>

The change of HBV nucleotide sequence during Adefovir dipivoxil treatment / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the change of HBV nucleotide sequence during Adefovir dipivoxil treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum samples were collected from 4 patients (numbers 228, 229, 230 and 233) with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with PMEA. PCR amplification of full-length genomes, total genome clone, and sequencing and linkage of the HBV viruses were done with the serum samples collected before the therapy, and again on the 28th week, 52nd week and on the 92nd week of the therapy. Gene types and serum types were studied according to the HBV DNA sequence. The related biological information was analyzed, including the homogeneity and heterogeneity of the HBV DNA sequence before and during PMEA therapy, and variance of amino acids coded by HBV sequence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The gene types and serum types of HBV of the 4 patients were determined. Patient 228 was gene type C/serum type adrq+. Patient 229 was complex gene type B and C/complex serum type adw2 and adrq+. Patients 230 and 233 were both serum type adw2. The homogeneity of total gene sequence was 97.5% - 99.8% in one group of patients and 90.6% - 100% between groups in variant patients. The base mutation quantity of 52W was significantly higher than that of 28W and 92W. There was a common site of hotspot congregating mutation that existed in the P region. The target of PMEA was located in the P region encoding reverse transcriptase, which was generally very conservative. Therefore the mutations in this region were very significant. This might affect the activity of reverse transcriptase, leading to resistance to PMEA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We discovered some unusual aminophenol variations in the HBV genomes, which most probably are related to the HBV mutation that resulted in the developing resistance to PMEA.</p>