Simultaneous Determination of Pyrrolidine Alkaloids and Their Nitrogen Oxides in Farfarae Flos by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

<b>Objective::To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 15 pyrrolidine alkaloids (PAs) and their nitrogen oxides, and determine the content of the 15 PAs in the 15 batches of Farfarae Flos samples obtained from different sources, in order to understand the distribution status of these 15 PAs in Farfarae Flos from different sources, and provide relevant references for the safe and rational use of this medicinal materials. <b>Method::The method was achieved by Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈ column (3.0 mm×150 mm, 1.8 μm) using a mobile phase made up of 0.05%formic acid and 2.5 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate in water (A)-0.05%formic acid and 2.5 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate in methanol(B). The flow rate and the injection volume were 0.4 mL·min^-1 and 2 μL, respectively. The column temperature was 40 ℃. The instrument was Agilent 1290-6470 QQQ ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quaternary bar mass spectrometer. The components were detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode by mass spectrometry with ionizationmode of ESI⁺. The content of the components measured in the samples was calculated by using the external standard method, and the difference between samples was analyzed based on RSD of different components. <b>Result::The established method had a high sensitivity and good separation degree. The results of methodological investigation met the requirements. The results showed that all of the 15 batches of Farfarae Flos contained PAs and their nitrogen oxides. These PAs had almost the same types of structure. There were significant differences in the content and distribution of PAs in Farfarae Flos obtained from different sources. <b>Conclusion::In general, Farfarae Flos contains pyrrolidine alkaloids and their nitrogen oxides. Senkirkine with a significant hepatotoxicity is the main compound. The content determination of PAs will provide scientific fundaments for the safe and effective use of Farfarae Flos.

Establishment of HPLC fingerprints of Kangfuxin Liquid and determintion of six constituents / 中成药

AIM To establish the HPLC fingerprints of Kangfuxin Liquid (extract of Periplaneta americana L.) and to determine the contents of six constituents.METHODS The analysis of this drug was performed on a TOSOH TSK-GEL ODS column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.07％ acetic acid) flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.RESULTS There were twenty-four common peaks in the fingerprints of ten batches of samples (Ⅰ-Ⅹ) with the similarities of 0.932-0.993 (except for sample Ⅰ).Uracil,hypoxanthine,xanthine,inosine,protocatechuic acid and Cyclo (Gly-Tyr) showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 3.460-173.0,3.960-198.0,3.596-179.8,1.338-66.9,3.672-183.6 and 3.552-177.6 μg/mL,whose average recoveries (RSDS) were99.8％ (2.65％),98.0％ (2.55％),99.7％ (1.59％),100.7％ (2.80％),102.0％ (2.09％) and 99.6％ (1.88％),respectively.CONCLUSION This accurate,stable and simple method can be used for the quality control of Kangfuxin Liquid.

Chemical constituents of lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx / 药学学报

In order to find the cardiotonic constituents of lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., the investigation was carried out. Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, medium-pressure MCI and reverse phase ODS column chromatography were used to separate the 90% EtOH extract of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. The structures of the isolated compounds have been identified by chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Ten compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as benzoic acid-5-hydroxy-2-benzoyl-amino methyl ester (1), honokiol (2), pinoresinol (3), salicylic acid (4), p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (5), songorine (6), karakoline (7), mesaconitine (8), hypaconitine (9) and 14-benzoylhypaconitine (10), separetely. Compound 1 is a new compound and its structure has been established by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR and X-Ray. Compound 2-5 are isolated from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. for the first time.

Research on allelopathic effects of phellamurine / 中国中药杂志

Conducted research on new allelochemicals phellamurine extracted from deciduous of Phellodendron amurense, which worked in allelopathy effect to seed germination and growth process of P. amurense and P. chinense in order to interpret the causes of rare seedlings of wild populations of P. amurense. Extracted and separated phellamurine from P. amurense deciduous, and treated the seeds of P. amurense and P. chinense in after-ripening stage and germination stage with different concentrations of phellamurine solution, then detection of the seed germination rate, germination index, seedling height, root length and seed vigor index to evaluate the allelopathic effect of phellamurine. The results show that: phellamurine solution at 0.30 g x L(-1) produce significant inhibition to seed after-ripening of P. amurense, and also the solution at 0.15 g x L(-1) produce significant inhibition to seeds germination of P. amurense; the solution at 0.15 g x L(-1) produce significant inhibition to seeds after-ripening and seeds germination of P. chinense, inhibition intensity increased with the concentration and enhanced. For both species, the presence of phellamurine can lower the seed germination rate, extend the germination time, reduce the ability of seedlings to adapt to the environment, thus the phellamurine may be one of the causes of rare seedlings in the wild population of P. amurense.

Chemical constituents contained in aerial parts of Emilia sonchifolia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents contained in ethanol extracts from aerial parts of Emilia sonchifolia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were separated and purified with various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fifteen compounds were separated from ethyl acetate fraction of 90% ethanolic extract and identified as rhamnetin (1), isorhamnetin (2), quercetin (3), luteolin (4), tricin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 8-(2"-pyrrolidinone-5"-yl) -quercetin (6), 5, -2', 6'-trihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone-2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), succinic acid (8), fumaric acid (9), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10), 4-hydroxy isophthalic acid (11), 3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (12), esculetin (13), isowedelolactone (14) and uracil (15), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds except compound 3 were separated from this genus for the first time.</p>

Neuroprotective effect of longistyline A against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the protective effect of longistyline A against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. While PC12 cells were exposed to 100 micromol x L(-1) corticosterone for 48 h, cell survival rate was reduced and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release increased. In parallel, corticosterone caused significant elevations of DNA fragmentation, [Ca2+]i and caspase-3 activity. However, when the PC12 cells were incubated with longistyline A (4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 micromol x L(-1)) in the presence of 100 micromol x L(-1) corticosterone for 48 h, the effects were evidently alleviated, but dose-dependent manner was not obvious. In summary, longistyline A could generate a neuroprotective effect against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells possibly by decreasing [Ca2+]i and caspase-3 activity.

Hypocholesterolemic effect of stilbene extract from Cajanus cajan L. on serum and hepatic lipid in diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice / 药学学报

Cajanus cajan L. is a natural plant, which contains a lot of potential active components. In the present study, we identified the effects of the stilbene extract from Cajanus cajan L. (sECC) on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in diet-induced (for 4 weeks) hyperlipidemic Kunming mice. All experimental mice were divided into 5 groups: control group, high lipid model group, sECC-treated with 200 or 100 mg kg(-1), and simvastatin (Sim, 12 mg kg(-1)) treated group. The mice were fed with fat and cholesterol-enriched chow except control mice that were fed with standard diet. The effects of sECC were investigated by monitoring serum and liver lipid profile (i. e. cholesterol homeostasis) in mice. To further explore the mechanism of sECC, hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expressions in cholesterol homeostasis were analyzed by reverse transcription PCR. After 4 weeks pretreatment, the mice in the high lipid model group showed markedly higher serum and hepatic lipid contents than control group (P< 0.01). Compared with high lipid model group, the increased serum and hepatic lipid contents were markedly attenuated by sECC (200 mg kg(-1)), the serum and hepatic total cholesterol were reduced by 31.5% and 22.7% (P<0.05), respectively. The triglyceride contents of serum and liver were also lowered by 23.0% and 14.4%, respectively. At the same times, serum LDL cholesterol decreased by 53.0% (P<0.01). The mRNA expressions of hepatic CYP7A1 and LDL-receptor were significantly enhanced in the mice administered with sECC (200 mg kg(-1)), whereas those expressions were suppressed by the fat and cholesterol-enriched diet. These data indicate that sECC reduces the atherogenic properties of dietary cholesterol in mice. It is indicated that expression enhancement of hepatic LDL-receptor and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase may be responsible for the hypercholesterolemic effect.

Advances in study on chemical constituents from plants of genus Pfaffia and their bioactivities / 中国中药杂志

The progress in the studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of the genus Pfaffia is summarized in recent 20 years. These plants contain various chemical constituents and have broad bioactivities such as sthenic, anti-tumor, analgesic and anti-inflammatory and should be further investigated.

Cytotoxicity and mechanism of 23-O-acetylcimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside on HepG2 cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate the cytotoxicity and mechanism of 23-O-acetylcimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside isolated from C. dahurica on HepG2 cells and to find the leading compound for new drug development.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>MTT, AO/EB staining observation, flow cytometry and western blot methods were used to study the cytotoxicity, morphological changes, cell cycle distribution and protein expression profile of 23-O-acetylcimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside on HepG2 cells.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>23-O-acetylcimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells with IC50 at 16 micromol x L(-1), and could also induce apoptosis and G2-M cell cycle arrest. Further study demonstrated that the compound could cleavage PARP, regulate protein expression of bcl-2 family and decrease the expression of cdc 2 and cyclin B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>23-O-acetylcimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside exerts its cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells via apoptosis and G2-M arrest. In addition, caspases family activation, regulation of protein expression of bcl-2 family and down regulation of cdc 2 and cyclin B were involved in apoptosis and G2-M arrest induced by it.</p>

Studies on new trierpenoid constituents from the Rhizoma of Cimicifuga foetida / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find new active constituents from Rhizome of Cimicifuga foetida.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various column chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidences.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four triterpenoid compounds were isolated and identified as 7,8-didehydro-27-deoxyactein(1), 24-O-acetylshengmanol-3-O-beta-D-xyl (23R, 24R)[2], cimigenol(3), cimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xyl(4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new compound, 2-4 were obtained from this medicinal material for the first time. The antiosteoporosis activity screening in vitro(by the method of SRB) indicates that Compounds 1, 2 and 4 can promote the proliferation for rat Osteoblastoma cell line (UMR106) at the concentration of 10(-9) kg.L-1.</p>

Studies on the new triterpenoid saponin of the aerial part of Cimicifuga foetida / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find new active constituents from the aerial part of Cimicifuga foetida.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various column chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation and purification of the principles. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidences.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoid saponins were obtained and identified as Cimifoetiside III (25-anhydrocimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, 1), 25-O-acetyl-cimigenol xylopyranoside (2), 25-O-acetyl-cimigenol galactopyranoside (3), 7 beta-hydrocimigenol xylopyranoside (4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is new and compound 4 was isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

Studies on the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Cimicifuga dahurica / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To seek for new bioactive constituents from the aerial parts of Cimicifuga dahurica.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Various column chromatographic techniques were employed for the isolation and purification of the ingredients. The structures were elucidated on the basis of 1H, 13CNMR, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, NOESY and HMBC spectra and chemical reactions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two cyclolanostanol xylosides, cimidahuside C and D were isolated from the EtOAc section of EtOH extracts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cimidahuside C(1) and D(2) are new triterpenoid xylosides.</p>

Studies on the chemical constituents of the aerial part of Cimicifuga foetida L / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To look for new active constituents from the aerial part of Cimicifuga foetida L.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Various column chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation and purification of the principles. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidences.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoid saponins and one sitosterol saponin were obtained and identified as cimifoetiside I [12 beta-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactoyranoside, (1)], cimifoetiside II [(23R,24R) cimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, (2)], cimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (3), 12 beta-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4), 12 beta-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (5), daucosterol (6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1 and 2 are new and compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

Studies on the triterpenoid constituents from the aerial part of Cimicifuga foetida L / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To look for new active constituents from the aerial part of Cimicifuga foetida L.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Various column chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation and purification of the ingredients. The structure were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidences and chemical reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five compounds were obtained and identified as 23-O-acetylshengmanol-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (1), 23-O-acetylshengmanol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (2), 25-anhydrocimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (3), cimigenol-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (4), cimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2 and 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

Studies on the phenolic acid constituents from Chinese medicine "sheng-ma", rhizome of Cimicifuga foetida L / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To look for new active constituents from Chinese medicine "Sheng-ma", rhizome of Cimicifuga foetida L.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The compounds were separated and purified by chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight compounds were obtained and identified as cimicifugic acid (1), esculetin (2), caffeic acid methyl ester (3), 4-O-acetyl-caffeic acid (4), sinapic acid (5), caffeic acid (6), ferulic acid (7), isoferulic acid (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>