Role of natural killer T cells in renal fibrosis in mice with acute kidney injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of natural killer T cells in renal fibrosis in mice with acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods:Twenty-four clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-30 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), AKI group (group A), control plus CD1d antibody group (group C-MA), and AKI plus CD1d antibody group (group A-MA). The model of renal fibrosis in mice with AKI was established by intraperitoneal injection of folic acid 250 mg/kg.In group C, homotypic control antibody 20 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein.In group AKI, homotypic control antibody 20 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein at 24 h before establishing the model. In group C-MA, anti-CD1d monoclonal antibody 20 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein.In group A-MA, anti-CD1d monoclonal antibody 20 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein at 24 h before establishing the model.On the 14th day after folic acid injection, blood samples were taken from eyeballs to determine the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in serum.Then the mice were sacrificed, and the renal tissues were taken for Sirius red staining and HE staining to determine the area of renal fibrosis, and renal injury was scored.The expression of fibronectin (FN), type I collagen (Col-Ⅰ) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in renal tissues was detected by immunofluorescence method.The expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, arginase-1 (Arg-1) and found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1) mRNA in renal tissues was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with group C, the concentrations of BUN and Cr in serum, renal injury score, and area of renal fibrosis were significantly increased, the expression of FN, Col-Ⅰ and α-SMA and IL-4, IL-13, Arg-1 and FIZZ1 mRNA was up-regulated in A and A-MA groups ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the above indexes in group C-MA ( P>0.05). Compared with group A, the concentrations of BUN and Cr in serum, renal injury score, and area of renal fibrosis were significantly decreased, the expression of FN, Col-Ⅰ and α-SMA and IL-4, IL-13, Arg-1 and FIZZ1 mRNA was down-regulated in group A-MA ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Activation of natural killer T cells is involved in the process of renal fibrosis in mice with AKI, and the mechanism may be related to promoting the release of Th2 cytokines and M2 polarization of macrophages.

Role of interleukin-4 in renal fibrosis induced by acute kidney injury in mice / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in renal fibrosis induced by acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice.Methods:Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-30 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n =6 each) using a random number table method: control group (group CON), AKI group, control plus anti-IL-4 antibody group (group CON-A), and AKI plus anti-IL-4 antibody group (group AKI-A). In AKI-A and AKI groups, folic acid was intraperitoneally injected to induce AKI in anesthetized mice, and the anti-IL-4 antibody 40 mg/kg and the equal volume of PBS were intraperitoneally injected, respectively, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after injection. The equal volume of PBS and anti-IL-4 antibody was given at the corresponding time point in CON and CON-A groups, respectively.The orbital blood samples were taken on day 14 after injecting folic acid for determination of the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations.The animals were then sacrificed, and renal tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes (using Sirius red staining and Masson staining) and for determination of the expression of fibronectin(FN), collagen-Ⅰ(Col-Ⅰ) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (by Western blot) and expression of CD206, Arg-1 and FIZZ1 mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction). The area of renal fibrosis was measured. Results:Compared with group CON, the serum BUN and Cr concentrations were significantly increased, the area of renal fibrosis was increased, and the expression of FN, Col-Ⅰ, α-SMA and CD206, Arg-1 and FIZZ1 mRNA in renal tissues was up-regulated in group AKI ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group CON-A( P>0.05). Compared with group AKI, the serum BUN and Cr concentrations were significantly decreased, the area of renal fibrosis was reduced, and the expression of FN, Col-Ⅰ, α-SMA and CD206, Arg-1 and FIZZ1 mRNA in renal tissues was down-regulated in group AKI-A ( P<0.05). Conclusion:IL-4 is involved in the process of renal fibrosis following AKI, and the mechanism may be associated with the regulation of macrophage M2 polarization in mice.

Thoughts on the training reform of application-oriented professionals of otolaryngology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

There exists unbalanced development of medical technology and uneven quality of medi-cal staff in our current medical status,so it is urgent to reform the training mode of talents. Through the analysis of the shortcomings of traditional talents training and based on the thought of training applied talents, we explore the best training model of application-oriented professionals of otolaryngology head and neck surgery which is suitable for our country's national conditions by reforming clinical teaching methods, theo-retical teaching curriculum revision and clinical skills training, in order to strengthen the quality of person-nel training.

The preliminary analysis of the endoscopic holistic rhinoplasty—report of 52 cases / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To analyze the clinical effect of the endoscopic holistic rhinoplasty in order to improve its clinical application and safety.@*Methods@#The patients with external nasal deformities and complained nasal congestion were assessed before operation and undergoing endoscopic holistic rhinoplasty from January 2015 to June 2017. Therefore, the internal nasal plasty and external nasal plasty were performed simultaneously, so as to correct the abnormalities of internal and external nasal structures, restore nasal ventilation function, and achieve the purpose of external nose cosmetology. The nasal congestion, visual analog scale, rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry and patient satisfaction were used to assess the efficacy. SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Paired sample t test was used for preoperative and postoperative comparison, and P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant difference.@*Results@#All the patients were followed up from one month to one year without complications. Postoperative nasal obstruction VAS score (1.63±0.76) was significantly lower than preoperative(6.35±0.65) (t=6.315, P<0.001). The minimum nasal cross-sectional area was (0.38±0.29) cm2 preoperatively and (0.52±0.14) cm2 postoperatively, which was significantly higher than that before the operation (t=9.732, P<0.001). Postoperative nasal volume (9.21±3.23) cm3 was significantly higher than preoperative (6.44 ± 1.04) cm3 (t=9.559, P<0.001), and postoperative nasal resistance (0.26 ± 0.07) kPa·s/L was lower than preoperative (0.65±0.21) kPa·s/L(t=7.524, P<0.001). The postoperative satisfaction survey result were very satisfactory in 41 cases (78.85%), accounted satisfaction in 11 cases (21.15%).@*Conclusions@#The application of the endoscopic holistic rhinoplasty has a good clinical effect and a high degree of satisfaction.

Clinical analysis of 258 cases of nasal-sinus benign and malignant tumors / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the clinical features of 258 cases of nasal-sinus benign and malignant tumors to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis.Methods The clinical data of 258 patients with nasal-sinus tumor confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed and the clinic differences between benign and malignant tumors were compared.Results The clinic manifestations of sinonasal neoplasm were varied.The incidences of epistaxis or blood in the tears,headache,facial numbness or pain,eye pain or epiphora were significantly higher in the benign tumors group than in the malignant tumors group (P＜0.05).Among 196 patients undergoing surgery,the coincidence rates of preoperative and postoperative paraffin sections were similar in the two groups (P＞0.05).Among 63 surgical patients with malignant tumors,the coincidence rate of 232 incised-margin frozen sections and postoperative paraffin sections was 98.70％ (229/232).Among 34 cases,the coincidence rate of frozen sections and postoperative paraffin sections was 91.18％0 (31/34),in which 6 cases were immediately intraoperative frozen,and 66.67％ (4/6) of the cases that changed into malignancy from benignity were not consistent with the preoperative diagnosis of paraffin sections.Conclusion The sinonasal tumors are lacking specificity in clinical manifestations,but rapid intraoperative frozen section examination is helpful to improve the diagnosis rate;continuously frozen pathological examination should be performed in malignant tumor margins.

A primary analysis on CT and MRI features of common malignant sinonasal tumors / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the imaging characteristics of common malignant sinonasal tumors for improving the diagnostic accuracy of the disease. Methods Radiological and clinical data of 78 patients with sino-nasal malignant tumors confirmed by pathological examination were retrospectively analyzed. Results Sinonasal malignant tumors lacked imaging specificity. Most of CT showed uneven soft tissue densities with unclear boundary and destruction of bone which invaded the soft tissue outside of the cavity including orbit or intra-cranium. There was moderate to remarkable enhancement of the lesion. T1WI in MR demonstrated homo-and hypo-intense signal , while T2WI revealed homo- and hyper-intense signal ,and post contrast MR imaging displayed heterogeneous con-trast enhancement. There was no significant statistical difference between CT and MRI in the detection rate of ma-lignant tumors(P > 0.05),but CT in combination with MRI improved the positive rate of detection(P < 0.05). Conclusions The imaging of sinonasal malignant tumors is complicated and lacks specificity. For complicated si-nonasal malignant tumors,enhanced CT in combination with MRI should be used to determine the nature and limi-tation of the tumor,and its relationship with the surrounding structures,resulting in improvement of the diagnostic accuracy of the disease.

Effects of bencycloquidium bromide on the expression of MUC5 AC induced by lipopolysaccharide in cultured human nasal epithelial cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim Toinvestigatetheeffectofbencyclo-quidium bromide(BCQB)on mucus MUC5AC expres-sion induced by lipopolysaccharide in cultured human nasalepithelialcells(HNECs).Methods Primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs)was randomly divided into control group (C,with no treat-ment),LPS group (LPS,with LPS 1 mg · L-1 added in),BCQB low dose group(BCQBL,with LPS 1 mg· L-1 and BCQB 10 -8 mol·L-1 added in),BCQB mid-dle dose group(BCQBM,with LPS 1 mg·L-1 and BC-QB 10 -7 mol·L-1 added in),BCQB high dose group (BCQBH,with LPS 1 mg·L-1 and BCQB 10 -6 mol· L-1 added in)and ipratropium bromide group(IB,with LPS 1 mg·L-1 and IB 10 -6 mol·L-1 added in).Af-ter incubation at 37 ℃with 5% CO2 for 24 h,the ex-pression of MUC5 AC mRNA was detected with Real-time PCR and the expression of MUC5 AC protein in HNECs was detected with Western blot,while the ex-pression of MUC5 AC protein in supernatant was detec-tedwithELISAineachgroup.Results Ascompared with control group,the expression of MUC5 AC mRNA and protein increased significantly in LPS group (each P0. 05 ). Conclusion Bencycloquidiumbromidecansuppress MUC5 AC expression induced by LPS in cultured hu-man nasal epithelial cells,indicating that BCQB may be a new drug for nasal mucous hypersecretion diseases.

Application of subjective and objective assessment on fungal rhino sinusitis after endoscopic surgery / 重庆医学

Objective Study the useful effect of the subjective and objective assessmentscale in fungal‐rhino‐sinusitis (FRS) patients before and after endoscopic sinus surgery ,and thier transition rules .Methods Visual analog scale (VAS) ,sino‐nasal out‐come measures 20 (SNOT‐20) ,Lund‐Mackay CT score and Lund‐Kennedy nasal endoscopy score were used to prospective evaluate 130 cases of FRS patients at the time of before endoscopic sinussurgery ,the 3rd month and the6thmonth after survey ,and correla‐tion analysiswas took between the various scales .Results At the time ofbeforesurgery ,the 3rd month and the 6th month after the endoscopic sinus surgery ,the VAS ,SNOT‐20 ,Lund‐Mackay sinus CT scores and Lund‐Kennedy endoscopic score were significantly correlated (P0 .05) .Except for SNOT‐20 scores at the time of 3rd month had relationship with preoperative scores(P 0 .05) .The difference ofSNOT‐20 ,VAS ,Lund‐Kennedy nasal endoscopy scorewas statistically significant compared to each other at the time of 3rd month and the 6th month after surgery (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Subjective combined with objective scale can be a better response for patients be‐fore surgery ,which may be helpful for the choosing of operation time;combination of postoperative subjective evaluation with objec‐tive evaluation and following‐up ,may be a more effect way for patient to kmow the outcome after surgery .

One case report of primary sphenoid sinus tuberculosis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

We report a case of primary sinonasal tuberculosis in a 23-year old man. He had a half-year history of headache and eye pain on the left side, and found the neoplasm of nasopharynx 15 days ago. Previously denied history of tuberculosis and contact history. After be admitted to hospital, twice biopsy from neoplasm of na- sopharynx were both of chronic inflammation. Coronal CT scan of the lesion when admission found the left parasellar region and the left sphenoid sinus soft tissue density increased, about 20 mm X 32 mm X 34 mm, left inferior wall between sella bone defects, and bone sclerosis, plain CT value was about 34 HU, the lesion protruded downward left the nasopharynx. Eight days after he was admissioned in hospital of sphenoid sinus biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation and tuberculosis diagnosis was considered. Review of the lesion is partial absorbed after 11 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment and now is still in follow-up.

Application of European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps in clinical teaching for Otorhinolaryngology postgraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Rhinosinusitis is a popular disease in otorhinolaryngology.A guideline document,European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (EPOS) developed on the basis of evidencebased medicine was used in clinical teaching.Theoretical teaching was promoted by reading and understanding EPOS.Meanwhile,EPOS was used in clinical practices of preclinical ward round,case analysis and independent bed charge,which laid a solid foundation to help otorhinolaryngology postgraduates fully grasp the theoretical knowledge of rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps,improve clinical practice abilities and develop standardized philosophy of diagnosis and treatment finally.

Practice and analysis of bilingual teaching method in Otorhinolaryngology on bilingual education for seven-year-program medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To carry out bilingual education among seven-year-program students of clinical medicine is for further raising of professional English level of the students so as to cultivate highlevel medical personnel. We put emphasis on teaching material,the ability of teachers and courseware ,adopting the form and methods to make students comprehend and memorize easily, which has raised the students’interests and ability and helped them lay a solid foundation for the study of clinical knowledge.

Experiences of Clinical Teaching of Advanced Otolaryngology-head & Neck Surgeons / 中华医学教育探索杂志

On the basis of experiences in advanced otolaryngology-head & neck surgeons teaching,we realized that it was important to accomplish the following measures:to insist on entering instruction,to make reasonable training plan,to hold regular lecture,to attach importance to applied anatomy teaching,to cultivate clinical ability,to standardize medical record writing,to strengthen communication between doctors and patients and to strengthen medical morality construction.Only by doing so can we improve the advanced education quality.

Application of Medical Imaging in Nasal Endoscopic Surgery Teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The application and expanding of nasal endoscopic surgery,an epoch-making transform of rhinology,have a very close associations with medical imaging,which includes anatomy photograph,conceptual diagram,radiological imaging,nasal endoscopic image display system,operation photographic recording and computer assisted instruction courseware,etc.It is important to collect the medical imaging through various means and set up medical imaging resources library for nasal endoscopic surgery teaching.