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Objective:To understand the correlation between urinary iodine, salt iodine and thyroid nodules in children aged 8 - 10 years and pregnant women in different regions of Fujian Province, and to explore the influencing factors of thyroid diseases.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dongshan County and Pingtan County of Fujian Province from September to November 2019. According to the inclusion criteria, 140 pregnant women and 270 children aged 8 - 10 years were selected in Dongshan County, and 189 pregnant women and 368 children aged 8 - 10 years were selected in Pingtan County. Random urine and edible salt samples were collected to determine iodine content, and iodine nutrition was evaluated in each population. Thyroid was examined by B ultrasound and questionnaire survey of thyroid diseases was carried out. The correlation between urinary iodine, salt iodine and thyroid nodules in children aged 8 - 10 years and pregnant women in different regions was analyzed.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the median urinary iodine among children in different genders (male: 151.30 μg/L, female: 130.30 μg/L) and regions (Dongshan County: 160.30 μg/L, Pingtan County: 129.70 μg/L, P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in the median urinary iodine among children of different ages (8, 9, 10 years old: 141.60, 128.05, 150.30 μg/L, P > 0.05). The median urinary iodine among pregnant women was 119.30 μg/L, and there was no significant difference in median urinary iodine among pregnant women in different stages and regions ( P > 0.05). The medians of salt iodine from children and pregnant women were 20.30 and 23.65 mg/kg, respectively. Urinary iodine in children was positively correlated with salt iodine ( r = 0.13, P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between urinary iodine and salt iodine in pregnant women ( P > 0.05). The detection rate of thyroid nodules in children was 21.79% (139/638). There was significant difference in the detection rate of thyroid nodules in children of different ages ( P < 0.05). The detection rate of thyroid nodules in pregnant women was 4.26% (14/329). There was no correlation between detection rate of thyroid nodules and urinary iodine or salt iodine in children and pregnant women ( P > 0.05). Thyroid volume of children in the two counties was within the normal range, and there was no correlation between thyroid volume and urinary iodine or salt iodine ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of children in Dongshan County and Pingtan County is suitable (100 - 199 μg/L), while iodine deficiency (< 150 μg/L) exists in pregnant women. Urinary iodine in children is related to salt iodine, and urinary iodine increased with increase of salt iodine. The prevalence of thyroid nodules in children of different ages is different, which requires further study. The detection rate of thyroid nodules in children and pregnant women is not correlated with urinary iodine and salt iodine.
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Objective:To establish a medical reference range of serum iodine in adults with normal thyroid function in Fujian Province.Methods:Permanent residents aged 16 - 60 years old and living in the local area for 5 years and more were selected as survey subjects in three areas with appropriate iodine nutrition in Fujian Province from September 2019 to January 2020. Urine and blood samples were collected to detect urinary iodine, serum iodine and thyroid function indexes [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), total triiodothyronine (TT 3), total thyroxine (TT 4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb)] levels. The percentile method was used to establish the 95% medical reference range of serum iodine in adults with normal thyroid function, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum iodine and thyroid function indexes in adults with normal thyroid function. Results:A total of 149 adults with normal thyroid function were examined, and the median urinary iodine was 119.45 μg/L, which was at the appropriate level (100 - 199 μg/L); serum iodine was (61.35 ± 16.20) μg/L, and the 95% medical reference range of serum iodine in adults with normal thyroid function was preliminarily formulated as 34.36 - 97.17 μg/L. Correlation analysis showed that serum iodine was positively correlated with FT 4 level ( r = 0.17, P = 0.035), but was not correlated with other thyroid function indexes ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:The medical reference range of serum iodine in adults with normal thyroid function in Fujian Province is successfully established, which provides a basis for judgment of individual iodine nutrition in adults.
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Objective:To understand the assessment results of external quality control of iodine deficiency disorders laboratories of centers for disease control and prevention at the three levels of province, city and county, so as to promote the improvement of testing ability of laboratories at all the three levels in Fujian Province.Methods:In 2019, iodine deficiency disorders laboratories of one provincial and nine municipal centers for disease control and prevention in Fujian Province participated in the external quality control blind sample examination of urinary iodine, salt iodine and water iodine; iodine deficiency disorders laboratories of 84 county-level centers for disease control and prevention participated in the blind sample examination of external quality control of urinary iodine and salt iodine. The external quality control assessment results were collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results:The qualified rates of urinary iodine, salt iodine and water iodine in provincial and municipal iodine deficiency disorders laboratories all reached 100.0% (10/10); the qualified rate of urinary iodine in county-level iodine deficiency disorders laboratories was 96.4% (81/84), and the qualified rate of salt iodine was 100.0% (84/84).Conclusion:The overall detection capacity of provincial, municipal and county-level iodine deficiency disorders laboratories in Fujian Province remains at a high level, and the urinary iodine detection capacity of some county-level iodine deficiency disorders laboratories still needs to be improved.
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Objective:The iodine excretion of adult individuals was calculated by two creatinine correction methods of urinary iodine, and the significance and value of the methods to measure individual iodine nutrition levels were assessed to provide a reference basis for further epidemiological investigation and study of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:Healthy adults aged 18 - 59 years from Fujian Province were recruited and their 24 h urine, fasting urine, and morning spot urine (8:00 - 12:30) were collected and the corresponding urinary iodine and creatinine concentrations were measured. The estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion was calculated using two different creatinine correction and creatinine estimation formulas were compared with the measured 24 h urinary iodine excretion.Results:There were no significant differences in measured 24 h urinary iodine excretion value, estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion value 1 of fasting urine and morning spot urine, and estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion 2 of fasting urine and morning spot urine between genders (μg/d: 195.5 vs 190.9, 190.0 vs 181.7, 160.2 vs 144.2, 174.8 vs 179.2, 148.3 vs 131.5); there were no significant differences in measured 24 h urinary iodine excretion and fasting urinary estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion 1, estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion 2 ( P > 0.05), and there were significant differences in measured 24 h urinary iodine excretion and morning spot urinary estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion 1, estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion 2 ( P < 0.01). And there were significant linear correlations between measured 24 h urinary iodine excretion and estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion 1 of fasting urine and morning spot urine, estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion 2 of fasting urine and morning spot urine ( r = 0.772, 0.266, 0.828, 0.391, P < 0.01). Conclusions:It is feasible to estimate 24 h urinary iodine excretion in adults with creatinine-corrected fasting urinary iodine concentration. Creatinine-corrected fasting urinary iodine concentration can be used as an individual iodine nutrition level evaluation index, but whether it is applicable to children and pregnant women remains to be further studied.
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Objective:To analyze the disease burden of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and its changes in China in 1990 and 2016.Methods:Based on the data of Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016), a descriptive statistical method was used to compare and analyze the changes of deaths number, mortality, disability adjusted life year [DALY, including years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD)], DALY rate and other disease burden indicators caused by IDD in China in 1990 and 2016.Results:The GBD 2016 data showed that the deaths number from IDD in China decreased from 259.31 in 1990 to 116.41 in 2016, the mortality decreased from 0.022 827/100 000 in 1990 to 0.008 515/100 000 in 2016; and the mortality in different age groups had decreased, the children mortality in the < 5 years old group had decreased from 0.088 639/100 000 to 0.009 875/100 000. The DALY and YLD due to IDD in China increased from 406.13 thousand person-years and 391.68 thousand person-years in 1990 to 455.05 thousand person-years and 451.95 thousand person-years in 2016, while YLL decreased from 14.45 thousand person-years to 3.10 thousand person-years; the DALY rate, YLL rate, and YLD rate decreased from 35.75 person-years per 100 000, 1.27 person-years per 100 000 and 34.48 person-years per 100 000 in 1990 to 33.29 person-years per 100 000, 0.23 person-years per 100 000 and 33.06 person-years per 100 000 in 2016. The main component of DALY for IDD was YLD, and the proportion increased from 96.44% in 1990 to 99.32% in 2016.Conclusions:The mortality of IDD in China has decreased, and IDD in the younger age group has been effectively controlled; however, the disease burden, especially the burden caused by disability has increased, and the disability of the population due to IDD should be given special attention.
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Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional status among children aged from 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Xiamen City before and after adjustment of salt iodine concentration, and scientifically evaluate the suitability of the new standard iodized salt adjustment policy for Xiamen City.Methods:In the pre-adjustment period (2011) and the post-adjustment period (2018), cross-sectional research methods and stratified cluster sampling methods were adopted in six districts of Xiamen City. The salt samples of residents and pregnant women, urine samples of children aged from 8 - 10 and pregnant women were collected to determine the iodine level; thyroid of children aged from 8 - 10 was examined. Changes in salt iodine, urine iodine and goiter prevalence before and after adjusting iodine content of salt were compared.Results:The median of salt iodine in residents after the adjustment (23.5 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of before (28.9 mg/kg, Z = - 10.512, P < 0.05), the median of salt iodine in pregnant women after the adjustment (23.7 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of before (29.2 mg/kg, Z = - 12.622, P < 0.05); the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in residents after the adjustment (95.7%, 1 196/1 250) was significantly lower than that of before (97.1%, 1 608/1 656; χ 2 = 4.250, P < 0.05); before and after adjustment of salt iodine concentration, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in pregnant women was 94.7% (124/131) and 95.9% (579/604), respectively. No significant difference was found when comparing the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in pregnant women (χ 2 = 0.015, P > 0.05). There was significant difference in median urinary iodine (from 204.2 to 183.9 μg/L, detected in 652, 1 250 urine samples, respectively) of children aged 8 - 10 years ( Z = - 3.583, P < 0.05); the difference of iodine nutritional status in pregnant women before and after adjustment of salt iodine concentration(130.2, 130.8 μg/L, detected in 132, 604 urine samples, respectively) was not significant ( Z = - 1.715, P > 0.05). The thyroid goiter rate of children aged 8 - 10 years had reduced from 1.1% (14/1 239) to 0.2% (2/1 253), the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 9.195, P < 0.05). Conclusions:As a whole, the measure of control and prevention of iodine deficiency disorders through iodized salt is implemented well in Xiamen City. After adjustment of salt iodine concentration, the iodine status of children aged from 8 to 10 is adequate, but the pregnant women has showed iodine deficiency.
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Objective@#The consistency of 24-hour oropharyngeal Dx-pH monitoring and proton pump inhibitor(PPI) test in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) was investigated.@*Methods@#Sixty patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) related symptoms who had never received PPI treatment were assessed by reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) between October 2017 and October 2018, including 28 males and 38 females, aged from 16 to 72 years, with a medium age of 38 years. Prior to treatment, all patients were evaluated with 24 hours oropharyngeal Dx-pH monitoring(Restech). After empiric therapy with PPI twice-daily for 8 weeks, the efficacy was evaluated according to posttreatment RSI score.The data was analysed with Kruskal-Wallis test, Student Newman Keuls test and consistency check.@*Results@#(1)Among all 60 patients,13 patients (21.7%) had pathologic Ryan score and all resulted responsive to PPI;27 patients (45.0%) with a negative Ryan score were unresponsive to PPI; 20 patients (33.3%) despite a negative Ryan score resulted responsive to PPI therapy. Considering responsiveness to PPI therapy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of LPRD, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Ryan score were 39.4%, 100%, 100% and 57.4% respectively. The Kappa value was 0.369 (P<0.01). (2)Among 34 patients (56.7%) with positive Dx-pH results (24-hour oropharyngeal acid reflux events≥ 3 times), 29 patients were positive and 5 patients were negative in PPI test. Among 26 patients with negative Dx-pH results (24-hour oropharyngeal acid reflux events<3 times), 4 patients were positive and 22 patients were negative in PPI test. Considering responsiveness to PPI therapy as the gold standard for the diagnosis of LPRD, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 24-hour oropharyngeal acid reflux events were 87.9%, 81.5%, 85.3% and 84.6% respectively. The Kappa value was 0.696(P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#There is a positive correlation between 24-hour oropharyngeal Dx-pH monitoring positive results (24-hour oropharyngeal acid reflux events≥3 times) and PPI test in the diagnosis of LPRD. The 24-hour oropharyngeal Dx-pH monitoring can be a promising tool for the diagnosis of suspected LPRD patients, and more sensitive and accurate Dx-pH diagnostic index will be required in the clinic.
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Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years old and pregnant women in the new standard iodized salt pilot areas of Fujian Province,and to analyze the rationality of urine specific gravity correction for urinary iodine.Methods In the 3rd,6th,9th,12th,15th and 21th months after supplying of new standard iodized salt in March 2012,the first to sixth phases' assessment were conducted in Xindian Town of Xiang'an District,Xiamen City and Yongfu Town,Xinqiao Town of Zhangping City,Longyan City.Totally 200 children aged 8 to 10 years old and 50 pregnant women were selected from each town,home salt samples and urine samples were collected,salt iodine,urinary iodine and urine specific gravity were tested.Salt iodine was detected by "General Test Method in Salt Industry-Determination of Iodine" (GB/T 13025.7-2012);urinary iodine was detected by "Method for Determination of Iodine in Urine by As3+-Ce4+ Catalytic Spectrophotometry" (WS/T 107-2006);urine specific gravity was detected by digital refractometer.Results From the first to sixth phases' assessment,the iodized salt coverage rates of children aged 8 to 10 years old and pregnant women were ＞ 95％,the edible rates of qualified iodized salt were ＞ 90％.The measured medians of urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years old were 216.7,219.5,188.1,206.7,209.2,and 201.0 μg/L,respectively;except the third phase's assessment,which was in the iodine appropriate level (100-199 μg/L),the other five phases/ assessment were all higher than the iodine appropriate level (200-299 μg/L);the medians of urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 yearsold after urine specific gravity correction were 215.0,213.6,197.3,202.9,204.3,and 197.7 μg/L,respectively;there were no significant differences in urinary iodine between the measured and urine specific gravity correction (Z =-0.131,-0.183,-1.052,-1.180,-0.311,-0.368,P ＞ 0.05).The measured medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women were 134.0,132.2,120.9,115.6,113.3,and 123.3 μg/L,respectively,which were in the iodine deficiency level (＜ 150 μg/L);the medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women after urine specific gravity correction were 207.3,197.1,168.8,158.3,171.8,and 181.7 μg/L,respectively;there were significant differences in urinary iodine between the measured and urine specific gravity correction (Z =-6.419,-6.406,-5.990,-6.648,-7.008,-8.034,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The iodine nutrition of children aged 8 to 10 years old is appropriate in the new standard iodized salt pilot areas of Fujian Province,while that of pregnant women is mild iodine deficiency.Further research is needed to use urine specific gravity to calibrate the concentration of urinary iodine to assess the iodine nutritional level of the focused populations in the regions.
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Objective To validate a developing method for determination of iodine in serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Methods Ammonium chloride,ethanolamine,ascorbic acid and water were mixed at a certain ratio,adding ethanol as sensitization,to dilute samples in the ratio of 1 ∶ 20,and then the diluted samples were analyzed by ICP-MS.Re was used as the internal standard.Serum samples were from 8 different individuals.After combining,they were divided into 4 groups,control group and low,medium and high iodine groups.Iodine groups were added with potassium iodide (100 mg/L),iodine standard solution 1.5,9.0,15.0 μl.The methodological evaluation of this method was done through standard curve linearity,sample detection limit,precision,recovery and accuracy in determining biological sample.And the results were compared with the current serum iodine arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry standard method (WS/T 572-2017).Results The linear range of the calibration curve was 0-300 μg/L and the linear correlative coefficients of the standard curve were 0.999 8-1.000 0.The detection limit was 0.38 μg/L (the sample amount was 0.2 ml).The coefficients of variation (CV) were all below 2％ for 4 serum samples in precision.The recovery rate was in a range of 95.8％-108.5％.No significant difference was found between the results of the 15 serum samples determined by the standard method andthis new method (t =1.139,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The newly developed method in determination of iodine in serum by ICP-MS,has wide linear range,high sensitivity,good precision,and wide applicability.It is suitable for application in determining serum iodine.
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Objective To establish reference values for thyroid hormone in school-age children in iodineadequate nutrition areas.Methods Totally 128 8-10-year-old healthy children (male:62,female:66) were screened rigorously in iodine-adequate nutrition areas (median of urinary iodine:100-200 μg/L).The values of total triiodothyronine (TT3) total thyroxine (TT4) free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyrotropin (TSH）,thyroglobulin (Tg),thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb),and thyroglobulin antibody (TgA) in serum were determined through the Access 2 Immunoassay System (Beckman-Coulter,USA) using a chemiluminescence detection system.Results Normal reference ranges for thyroid function indicators in children (95％ confidence limit) of TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4,TSH,and Tg were 1.63-3.36 nmol/L,110.65-186.67 nmol/L,4.65-7.25 pmol/L,9.75-15.59 pmol/L,1.10-5.54 mU/L,and 3.75-36.27 μg/L,respectively.There was no significant difference in hormone levels between boys and girls (P ＞ 0.05).The thyroid function indices were substantially different between children and adults.Conclusions Normal reference range of thyroid function index of children is different from that of adults.It is necessary to establish the reference range of thyroid function indices for children in order to diagnose thyroid diseases and monitor iodine nutrition.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 48 SD female rats with regular estrus were divided into a blank group (=8), a model group (=10), an EA group (=10), a binding group (=10) and a tamoxifen (TAM) group (=10). The rats in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group were all treated with intraperitoneal injection of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD, 160 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days to establish the model of POI; the rats in the blank group were treated with normal diet. After the model was established successfully, the rats in the EA group were treated with EA at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) with continuous wave (1 to 3 Hz, 0.1 to 1 mA) for 20 minutes, once a day (five times a week) for the first two weeks and once every other day (three times a week) for the following two weeks. The rats in the TAM group were treated with subcutaneous injection of tamoxifen (1mg/kg), once a day (five times a week) for the first two weeks and once every other day (three times a week) for the following two weeks. The rats in the binding group were bound by a small sack as the EA group. The rats in the blank group and the model group were treated with normal diet. After four weeks, the sexual gland weight and index were tested in each group; the ELISA method was applied to test the level of anti-mllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B; the morphology of ovary was observed; the number of primordial follicles, primary follicle, antral follicle and atretic follicle was counted; the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with the blank group, the ovary weight, ovary index, uterus weight and uterus index were significantly decreased after treatment in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group (all <0.01); but the differences between the model group and the EA group, binding group, TAM group were not significant (all >0.05). (2) Compared with the blank group, the levels of serum AMH, inhibin B and E were significantly reduced; the levels of FSH and LH were significantly increased in the model group; EA group, binding group and TAM group (all <0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of serum AMH, inhibin B and E were significantly increased, the level of FSH and LH were significantly reduced in the EA group and TAM group (all <0.01). (3) Compared with the blank group, in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group the ovary was dark red and pale, surrounded by particle or not; the morphology was small and atrophic; the primordial follicles was reduced even vanished; the structure of primary follicle was damaged and loosely arranged; the mature follicle was few; the atretic follicle and interstitial gland were increased. (4) Compared with the blank group, the expressions of IGF-1 mRNA and IGF-1R mRNA were increased in the model group (all <0.01); compared with the blank group, the expression of IGF-1 mRNA was increased in the binding group (<0.05), but that of IGF-1R mRNA was not significantly different (>0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of IGF-1 mRNA was not significantly different in the EA group, binding group and TAM group (all >0.05), but that of IGF-1R mRNA was reduced (<0.05, <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) has improvement effect on ovarian function in rats with VCD-induced POI, which is likely to be related to regulating the IGF-1R mRNA expression to improve the IGF-1/ IGF-1R axis.</p>
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Animals , Female , Rats , Acupuncture Points , Electroacupuncture , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Metabolism , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency , Therapeutics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, IGF Type 1 , Metabolism , Tamoxifen , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the protective effect and possible mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) on ovarian in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 32 SD female rats with regular estrus were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an EA group and an immobilization group, 8 rats in each one. The rats in the model group, EA group and immobilization group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (160 mg/kg) for 15 days to establish the model. From the beginning of model establishment, the rats in the EA group were treated with EA pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25), once a day for the first two weeks (5 treatments per week) and once every two days for the last two weeks (3 treatments per week). EA was given 20 min per treatment for four weeks. The rats in the immobilization group were treated with immobilization with identical duration, frequency and total amount as the EA group. No treatment was given in the blank group and model group. When model was successfully established in the model group, rats were sacrificed to test the weight of sexual gland and the sexual gland index; the ELISA method was applied to test the level of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B; the radioimmunoassay method was applied to test the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T). In addition, the morphology and the number of ovarian follicles were observed; and western blot method was applied to test the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in ovarian tissue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank group, the bilateral ovary weight, ovary index, uterus weight and uterus index decreased (<0.05, <0.01); serum AMH, inhibin B, E and P reduced, while serum FSH, LH and T increased in the model group (all <0.01); primordial follicles and primary follicles decreased, while atretic follicles increased in the model group (all <0.01); the expression of Bax protein increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased in the model group (both <0.01). Compared with the model group, the bilateral ovary weight, ovary index and uterus weight increased (<0.05, <0.01); serum AMH, inhibin B, E and P increased, while serum FSH and LH reduced (<0.05, <0.01); primordial follicles and primary follicles increased, while atretic follicles reduced (<0.05, <0.01); the expression of Bax protein reduced, while the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased in the EA group (<0.05, <0.01). The differences of each outcome indexes were not significant between the model group and immobilization group (all >0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and Tianshu (ST 25) for 4 weeks has certain protective effect on ovarian in POI rats, which is likely to be related with up-regulating ovarian granular cells, inhabiting the expression of Bcl-2 protein and down-regulating the expression of Bax protein.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Acupuncture Points , Electroacupuncture , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency , Therapeutics , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective Using Beckman assay kit to establish women thyroid function indicators reference interval during pregnancy in Fujian Province.Methods Two iodine sufficient areas were selected in Fujian randomly,and the women who did pregnancy test in local hospital were investigated.A questionnaire study and physical examination were conducted and women's serum samples were collected to detect the thyroid function [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),total triiodothyronine (TT3),and total thyroxine (TT4)] using Beckman chemiluminescence analyzer access-2 and assay kit.Reference interval was shown with median (M) and P2.5-P97.5.At the same time,the newly established reference interval was used to evaluate the thyroid function of 830 pregnant women.Result A total of 455 pregnant women were detected (early,middle and late pregnancies were 146,157 and 152,respectively).Most of the thyroid function indexes presented skewed distribution.The thyroid function index reference intervals in early,middle and late pregnancies were TSH:0.80 (0.02-2.96),1.13 (0.07-3.56),1.18 (0.09-3.76) mU/L;FT3:4.28 (3.30-5.76),3.74 (2.78-4.83),3.63 (2.81-4.56) pmol/L;FT4:11.78 (8.66-19.68),9.34 (7.03-12.76),8.55 (6.20-11.73) pmol/L;TT3:1.91 (1.09-2.95),2.00 (0.90-2.96),1.98 (0.91-3.02) nmol/L;and T4:123.00 (79.62-194.85),115.42 (58.78-175.85),117.43 (58.29-192.00) nmol/L.The thyroid dysfunction rate diag,nosed by our reference interval was 22.0％ (183/830),whilch was lower than 28.0％ (232/830) diagnosed by American Thyroid Association (ATA) reference interval (x2 =7.714,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Women thyroid function indicators reference interval during pregnancy in Fujian Province is successfully established.The study shows that each area and laboratory should establish the thyroid hormone reference interval of pregnant women for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease.
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Objective To explore the relationship of urinary iodine level between 8-10 year-old children and adults under the same living conditions in coastal and mountain areas in Fujian Province.Methods Representative coastal and mountainous rural areas (Xindian Town Xiang'an District Xiamen City and Yongfu Town Zhangping District Longyan City) were selected as survey sites.Morning fasting urine samples from local 8-10 year-old children and their parents and a random urine sample in the morning from these children were collected.Urinary iodine was determined using the arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometric method (WS/T 107-2006).Results The median urinary iodine of fasting urine samples which were collected from 147 8-10 year-old children in coastal rural areas (71 boys and 76 girls) was 163.5 μg/L (boys 161.0 μg/L,girls 170.9 μg/L),and the median urinary iodine of random urine samples was 190.8 μg/L (boys 208.7 μg/L,girls 177.0 μg/L),and the difference was not statistically significant between boys and girls (Z =-0.376,-0.678,all P ＞ 0.05).The median urinary iodine of fasting urine samples which were collected from 116 8-10 year-old children in mountain rural areas (66 boys and 50 girls) was 171.8 μg/L (boys 169.5 μg/L,girls 173.8 μg/L),and the median urinary iodine of random urine samples was 210.8 μg/L (boys 233.2 μg/L,girls 203.4 μg/L),and the difference was not statistically significant between boys and girls (Z =-0.413,-0.881,all P ＞ 0.05).The median urinary iodine of random urine samples which were collected from 8-10 year-old children in mountain rural areas was significantly higher than that of the morning fasting urine samples (Z =-2.789,P ＜ 0.05).The median urinary iodine of children's fathers in coastal rural areas was 177.0 μg/L,and the median urinary iodine of their mothers was 181.7 μg/L.There was no significant difference between coastal rural children and their parents (Z =-0.387,-0.658,all P ＞ 0.05),and there was also no significant difference between fathers and mothers (Z =-0.014,P ＞ 0.05).The median urinary iodine of children's fathers in mountain rural areas was 227.3 μg/L,and the median urinary iodine of their mothers was 237.4 μg/L There was a significant difference between mountain rural children and their parents (Z =-4.176,-4.373,all P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant difference between fathers and mothers (Z =-0.291,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Urinary iodine level of school-age children does not reflect the actual urinary iodine level of adults.There is a difference between urinary iodine level of random urine sample and morning fasting urine sample.Attention should be paid to this difference when monitoring iodine nutrition in population.
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Objective To determine the electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics of myocardial infarction (MI) evolution in rats and the intervention effect of Chinese herbs, and to provide basis for the establishment of the criteria for ECG diagnosis and assessment of drug therapeutic effects of rats MI. Methods Totally 140 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, replenishing qi group, activating blood group, replenishing qi and activating blood (1∶2) and (2∶1) group as well as Tongxinluo group, each group with 20 rats. The rat MI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The treatment groups were administrered with corresponding drugs by gavage from the first day after operation. The sham operation group and model group were given the same volume of distilled water. The 12-lead ECGs were recorded before, immediately after, 1st and 2nd week after operation respectively. The voltage value of ST segment deviation, the time limit of QRS complex and the number of animals with pathologic Q wave were evaluated for statistical analysis. Results Model group showed the elevation of ST segment, significantly prolonged time limit of QRS complex (P0.05). Thus, we proposed the criterion for the ECG diagnosis of rats MI as well as the criterion for the ECG assessment of drug therapeutic effects of rats MI. Conclusion ECG can overall and sensitively evaluate the evolution and drug therapeutic effects of MI in rats, thus providing a relatively objective and available assessment method for the experimental studies of myocardial ischemic diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To survey the dietary iodine intake among residents in the coastal province of Fujian after universal salt iodization. Methods Using multi-stage stratified random sampling method, four different geographic areas of coastal cities, inland cities, coastal rural and inland rural areas were selected; 3 counties (cities, districts) were selected from each area; 30 families were selected from each of those counties (cities, districts). Total dietary study method was applied to investigate the basic information, all food and water intake during the investigation, the spice variety, quantity and cooking methods, and recipes. All foods consumed were divided into 13 classes:grains and their products, beans(including nuts) and their products, potato and its products, meat and its products, eggs and their products, aquatic products, milk and dairy products, vegetables, fruits and their products, sugar and sugar products, beverage and water, alcohol and seaweeds. Food samples were collected and iodine contents of different types of food were measured, and daily food consumption of the reference man(adult male) in the four areas was calculated. Then the male adult dietary iodine intake in the four areas and Fujian Province was estimated. Results A total of 69 families(accounting for 19.2% of the 359 families surveyed) ate seaweed foods during the three days survey period. The average salt intakes per reference man were 4.5, 5.8, 7.5, 12.3 g, respectively, in coastal cities, inland cities, coastal rural and inland rural. The adult male dietary iodine intake in Fujian Province was 343.8μg/d, and the values were 234.4, 347.1, 328.4, 465.3μg/d, respectively, in coastal cities, coastal rural, inland cities and inland rural. If people did not eat seaweed foods, the results would be 239.7, 137.5, 253.6, 200.3, 367.4μg/d. The main sources of dietary iodine intake were vegetables (33.2%), seaweeds(30.3%), meat(13.4%) and aquatic products(13.0%). If people did not eat seaweed foods, the results would be vegetables(47.6%), meat(19.1%) and aquatic products(18.7%), and iodine contribution rate of the 3 types of food was 85.4%. Conclusions Under the conditions of eating iodized salt, male adult dietary iodine intake is appropriate in different areas of Fujian Province. There is no such problem as iodine excessive. Iodized salt is the main source of dietary iodine. Residents in coastal city, if not eating seaweed foods, will be at risk of iodine deficiency, even if they eat iodized salt.