ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Benztropine on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death and optic nerve injury in rats model of non-arteritis anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION).Methods A total of 25 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Benztropine treatment group (n=13)and PBS control group (n=12).The right eye was set as the experimental eye.rNAION model was established by using rose Bengal combined with laser photodynamic method.The rats in the Benztropine treatment group were received intraperitoneal injection with Benztropine 10 mg/kg (0.2 ml) daily for 3 weeks,while the rats in the PBS control group were received intraperitoneal injection with an equal volume of PBS.At 1,3 and 7 days after modeling,the retinal and optic disc conditions of the rats were observed by direct ophthalmoscopy.Retrograde labeling,fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the survival of RGCs and the damage of the optic nerve myelin and axon at 4 weeks after modeling.The RGCs density and survival rate of the two groups were compared by One-Way Anova.Results At 1 and 3 days after modeling,the optic disc edema was observed in the rats of rNAION model group.At 7 days after modeling,the optic disc edema decreased and the boundary was blurred compared with 3 days after modeling.After 4 weeks,the RGCs density in the PBS group was 308± 194/mm2 and the survival rate was 13.7％.The density of RGCs in the Benztropine group was 1173+868/mm2 and the survival rate was 47.6％.The differences of RGCs density and survival rate were significant between the two groups (F=7.552,8.184;P=0.015,0.012).Myelin disintegration,axon degeneration,onion-like body and gliosis were observed in the optic nerve sections of rNIAON in the PBS group,while the damage ofaxon and myelin structure in the Benztropine group was significantly less than that in the PBS group.Conclusions Benztropine group showed higher RGC survival rate,less damage ofaxon and myelin structure on rNAION model.This study explored the potential neuroprotective effect of Benztropine.
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Objective To identify biomarkers associated with the differentiated phenotype based on gene expression profiling of gastric cancer. Methods Two bioinformatic methods, BAGEL and k-TSP, were used to identify featured genes associated with differentiation in gastric cancer samples based on the Oligo gene chip data, and ROC curves were used to verify the classification sensitivity and specificity of the identified genes. Finally, a total of 30 gastric cancer samples with different differentiation levels were collected for laboratory validation using real-time PCR analyses. Results A total of 121 differentially expressed genes were identified using the BAGEL algorithm, the criterion were FC ＞ 2. 0 and P ＜ 0. 001.Then, the k-TSP algorithm for feature selection based on this differential expression data were used, and 3 groups of featured genes which had potential to classify poor and well differentiation gastric cancer samples were identified, including MYLIP and TMPRSS3, ZNF266 and TM4SF1, SNAI2 and CNFN. To define the featured gene groups that had the highest classification capability, ROC curves to calculate the classification sensitivity and specificity of each gene group were used. The results showed that the combination of SNAI2and CNFN as a classifier had the highest classification sensitivity and specificity. Real-time PCR results showed that 18 of 22 poor differentiation samples were found with high expression of SNAI2 and low expression of CNFN (82%); 6 of 8 well differentiation samples were of low expression of SNAI2 and high expression of CNFN (75%). Conclusion The results indicate that SNAI2 and CNFN are constantly expressed in poor or well differentiation gastric cancer samples, and the expression pattern of these two genes is opposite. These results indicate that SNAI2 and CNFN have the potential for the identification of the differentiation level of gastric cancer.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between standard CD44(CD44s)expression and tumor stage and prognosis in colorectal cancer.Methods CD44s expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues and normal mucosa specimens from 74 cases of primary colorectal cancer.Results Of 74 cases,the expression of CD44s in colorectal cancer tissue and normal mucosa specimens was documented in 42% and 16%,respectively.The expression of CD44s in primary tumors significantly increased in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ than in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ(39% vs.6%,x~2=8.46,P＜0.01).A statistically significant correlation was observed between the overall survival and CD44s expression(x~2=17.82,P＜0.01).Furthermore,a poor prognosis of CD44s-positive tumors was observed in patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ colorectal cancer(x~2=16.23,P＜0.01),but not in patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ colorectal cancer(x~2=1.34,P＞0.05).Multivariate analysis indicated that TNM stage and CD44s expression were independent predictors of overall survival in colorectal cancer.Conclusion CD44s overexpression is involved in the progress of colorectal cancer and predicting the prognosis.