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The programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) antibody has been used in the treatment of a variety of malignant tumors, in which colorectal cancer is considered immune " cold" tumor and is not sensitive to anti-PD-1 therapy. The molecular characteristics of mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)/high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) are important molecular markers for screening patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy (ICIs). However, only some patients can benefit from ICIs treatment, and some patients even have disease progression. This article summarizes the research progress of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy of MSI-CRC in recent years, including the mechanisms of resistance, new efficacy biomarkers and treatment options, so as to provide ideas for expanding the application of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.
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Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors.Over recent years,the development of new genetic technologies have built the foundation for a better understanding of the abnormal expression of miRNAs in gastric cancer.It might improve the accuracy of prognosis prediction and lead to more efficient personalized treatments for gastric cancer.The article will review the potential applications of miRNAs as biomarkers for mechanism,diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of miR-148a on cell proliferation of human gastric cancer cell lines MKN45.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression level of miR-148a was detected by qRT-PCR in the carcinoma tissues and the tissues adjacent to carcinoma of 60 patients with gastric cancer. Lentivirus packaging was used to establish MKN45 gastric cancer cell line expressing stable miR-148a as transfection group,and the untransfected MKN45 cell line as the control group. Gastric cancer MKN45 cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 method. The target gene of miR-148a was predicted by targetscan. Expression of target gene was examined by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Expression of miR-148a in gastric cancer tissues of 54 cases(90.0%, 54/60) decreased, and among them, 37 tissue samples(61.7%, 37/60) decreased by 2 times. mir-148a expression in cancer tissues of patients with lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and TNM stage III(-IIII( was down-regulated more obviously(P<0.05). From the third day after transfection, the growth of MKN45 cells was significantly inhibited(P<0.01). Gene CDC25B might be the target gene of miR-148a according to the results of targetscan. Western blot showed that CDC25B expression in transfection group was lower as compared to control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MiR-148a expression is down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation. CDC25B may be the target gene of miR-148a that plays a role in tumor suppressor.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Down-Regulation , Lymphatic Metastasis , MicroRNAs , Genetics , Neoplasm Staging , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Stomach Neoplasms , Genetics , TransfectionABSTRACT
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is that cells undergo a switch from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype.Recent researches show that EMT can affect the occurrence and development of gastric cancer through a variety of mechanisms and promote the migration and invasion of tumor cells.The process of EMT involves a number of signal transduction pathways,and is related to microRNAs,Helicobacter pylori,transcription factors and so on.EMT is expected to be a novel therapeutic target of gastric cancer.
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Hedgehog(Hh) pathway plays a key role in a variety of processes, such as embryogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and carcinogenesis. Recent studies indicate that the aberrant activation of Hh pathway has been linked to multiple types of human cancer. Here, we present an overview of the processing and secretion of Hh pathway and the role of Hh pathway in gastric cancer.
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Objective To investigate the expression of suppressor gene Runt-related transcription factor 3(Runx3)in gastric carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters.Methods RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the mRNA expression and protein expression of Runx3 gene in primary tumor and corresponding normal tissues respectively in 52 patients with gastric carcinoma.The relationship between Runx3 expression and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed.Results RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in 52 patients with gastric carcinoma showed down-regulation of Runx3 mRNA and Runx3 protein in 59.6%(31/52)and 48.1%(25/52)of the primary tumors tested,and in none of the normal tissues(P
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Objective To evaluate the use of ductography.Method A review of 51 patients with presenting complaints of nipple discharge from January 1998 to May 2000 was conducted. Pathology and ductograms were reviewed.Result Ductography had a definite value in the diagnosis of nipple discharge, the sensitiveity was 84.3%.Conclusion Ductography had value to locate and identify leisions, especially multiple leisions and leisions in the periphery of the breast, but it did not exclude pathology.
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Colorectal cancer(CRC) is kind of the common malignant tumor worldwide.Bad prognosis is always due to distal metastasis.In recent years,the research on chemokines targeted on cancer metastasis and directing on the movement of the tumor cells have been more and more deeply taken into consideration.Chemokine CXCL12 and its specific chemokine receptor CXCR4 play important roles in CRC cell's targeted cancer metastasis and directing movement by signal transduction mechanism.Researches showed that it can inhibit the migration and invasion of the tumor through interception chemokine receptor CXCR4 by many ways.The studies of this signal may be a potential target sit for gene therapy.The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of these researches.
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Background and purpose:Liver is one of the most common metastatic sites in colorectal carcinoma,but there is no biomarker that could be used to predict and evaluate the possibility of metastases in the liver.Our study is aiming to investigate the relative parameters of liver metastasis of colorectal carcinoma after surgery.Methods:Several factors,including serum CEA level,lymph node metastasis,vessel and lymph vessel invasion,pathologic character of primary tumor,were used for analysis,the data was collected from either patients of colorectal carcinoma with(107 cases) and without(100 cases) hepatic metastasis in 2 years.All of the patients received surgery.Results:Patients with hepatic metastasis had significantly higher positive rates in terms of remote lymph node metastasis,vessel and lymph vessel invasion,respectively(P
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Purpose:To investigate the clinicopathological characristics of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma (MUC),which is generally bel ieved to have a poor prognosis,in an attempt to assess ways in which the surgica l outcome can be improved. Methods:From 1994 to 2003,1 715 large intestinal cancer patient s underwent operation, among them, 197 patients were with MUC. The clinicopathol ogical parameters and prognosis of MUC and non-MUC were analyzed retrospectivel y. Results:There were no significant differences in sex , tumor si te and size. Patients with MUC had higher rate of serosal invasion (MUC:59.9% vs non-MUC: 35.1%) , invasive type lymph-node involvement (MUC:41.6% vs non-MUC 21.6%). Patients with MUC were of more advanced stage(D stage:MUC :44.1% vs non-MUC: 22.1%). Conclusions:Based on these findings , a more aggressive attitud e toward surgical intervention is recommended , including extensive lymph node d issection and the resection of adjacent organs that seems to be affected microsc opically , to improve the surgical outcome of this clinical entity.
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Objective: To evaluate the effects of enteral nutrition(EN) containing dietary fiber and parenteral nutrition(PN) on nutritional status and immune function of patients following surgery for carcinoma of stomach.Methods: 60 patients who underwent surgery for carcinoma of stomach were randomized to PN group(n=20),Pepti-2000(elemental diet) group(n=20) or Nutrison Multi Fibre(EN containing dietary fiber) group(n=20) for 7 days.Isocaloric and isonitrogenous nutritional supports began at the first day after operation and were maintained for a week.Nutritional variables such as body weight,serum albumin,transferin and accumulated nitrogen balance were measured preoperatively and on the 8th day after operation.Meanwhile,immune variables such as peripheral lymphocytes counts,subsets of lymphocytes(CD3,CD4,CD8,CD25),NK cells,serum immunoglobulins(IgG,IgM,IgA),complement system(C3,C4,CH50) and C-reactive protein(CRP) were also determined.Results: No serious complications occurred in all groups after surgery.Body weight decreased significantly in all groups(P
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Objective:To observe the efficacy of enteral nutrition during perioperation in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumor.Methods:Forty cases with gastrointestinal tumor were randomized into the experimental group(n=20) and the control group(n=20).The experimental group was given nutritional support with Peptison liquid and was maintained for 7 days.The control group was treated with conventional methods.Results:The experimental group had faster recovery of gastrointestinal function as compared with the control group.The nutrition status and cellular immune function were ameliorated markedly in experimental group.Conclusion:The enteral nutrition in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumor can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function,ameliorate nutrition status and cellular immune function.