Associations of hypertension status with physical fitness variables in korean women

In Korea, hypertension has become more prevalent with the Westernization of Korean diets and lack of exercise. This study aimed at investigating the associations between physical fitness variables and hypertension status in Korean women. The subjects were 9,216 women aged >20 years who visited a public health promotion center for physical fitness tests. Cardiovascular respiratory fitness was evaluated using VO[2]max, resting heart rate [RHR], double product [DP], and vital capacity and coordination-related physical fitness was measured using grip strength, number of sit-ups completed, sit-and-reach score, vertical jump height, number of side steps performed, and 1-leg standing with eyes open. The prevalence rates of prehypertension and hypertension were 30.3% and 12.9% in this study, respectively. After adjusting for age, body mass index, drinking frequency, smoking intensity, and exercise intensity, the odds ratios [95% confidence interval] were calculated, and no statistically significant association was found between hypertension and physical fitness as measured by grip strength [P = 0.056], number of sit-ups completed [P = 0.140], and vertical jump height [P = 0.121]. However, significant associations were found between hypertension and VO[2]max [P < 0.001], RHR [P< 0.001], DP [P < 0.001], vital capacity [P < 0.001], sit-and-reach score [P = 0.012], the number of side steps performed [P = 0.001], and 1-leg standing with eyes open [P < 0.001]. We found that all the cardiovascular respiratory fitness variables and half of the motor- and coordination-related physical fitness variables were closely related with hypertension status

Differences in lifestyles including physical activity according to sexual orientation among Korean adolescents

The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in lifestyle factors such as physical activity among homosexual [gay or lesbian], bisexual, and heterosexual Korean adolescents. The sample consisted of 74,186 adolescents from grades 7-12 [ages 12-18] who participated in the 8[th] annual Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2012. Of this sample, only 11,829 provided enough information regarding their romantic and sexual experiences to define them as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or heterosexual. From this information, males were divided into gay [n = 323], bisexual [n = 243], and heterosexual [n = 6,501] groups, and females were divided into lesbian [n = 208], bisexual [n = 113], and heterosexual [n = 4,441] groups. Differences in lifestyle factors according to sexual orientation were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Males showed significant differences by sexual orientation group in terms of frequency of smoking [P = 0.029], alcohol consumption [P < 0.001], muscular strength exercises [P = 0.020], and walking for at least 10 minutes per week [P < 0.001]. Females showed significant differences by sexual orientation group in terms of frequency of smoking [P < 0.001], alcohol consumption [P < 0.001], vigorous physical exercise [P < 0.001], moderate physical exercise [P < 0.001], and muscular strength exercises [P < 0.001], as well as for self-reported mental stress [P < 0.001]. We concluded those gay and bisexual males and lesbian and bisexual females had significant lifestyle differences as compared with heterosexual adolescents. This effect was stronger for females than for males

Analysis of Relationship between the Dehydration Test and the Diuretics Treatment in Definite Meniere's Disease / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diuretics and dehydration tests are used for the main treatment of Meniere's disease as well as the predictor of the disease activity. We analyzed the relationship between the results of dehydration test and the effect of diuretics in patients with definite Meniere's disease. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Seventy patients with definite Meniere's disease were selected from January 1999 to June 2007 by reviewing the medical records, retrospectively. Fifty six patients underwent a glycerol test and thirty patients with the furosemide test before treatment. Hydrochlorothiazide was prescribed over twelve months. RESULTS: The positive rates of glycerol and furosemide tests were 46.7% and 51.8%, respectively. The number of patients who kept the medication over twelve months were 62 (88.6%); those who showed complete remission (CR) were 10 (16.1%), partial remission (PR) 26 (41.9%) and no response (NR) 26 (41.9%). The positive rate of furosemide test was 60% in the patients with CR, 44.4% in patients with PR and 42.9% in patients with NR. The positive rate of glycerol test was 80% in the patients with CR, 68% with PR and 25% with NR. There is statistically significant relationship between the positive rate of glycerol test and the treatment response (p=0.001), but there was no correlation between the positive rate of furosemide test and the treatment response (p=1.000). CONCLUSION: The significant relationship was found between diuretics treatment and glycerol test. The glycerol test can be used as an indicator for expecting a good treatment response to diuretic therapy.

Predictive Satisfactory Factors of the Nasal Bone Fracture Treatment

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are many factors affecting the satisfactory results of nasal bone fracture, such as age, sex, severity of nasal bone fracture and the time from the onset of injury to the beginning of treatment etc. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictable factors of satisfaction for nasal bone fracture treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 85 patients with nasal bone fracture to examine and analyze according to sex and age distribution, cause of injury and the time from the onset of injury to the beginning of treatment. RESULT: In this study, age, sex and severity of nasal bone fracture were found to be unrelated to the satisfactory result. The time from the onset of injury to the beginning of treatment is statistically related to the satisfactory result of nasal bone fracture (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Early intervention of nasal bone fracture is necessary to obtain satisfactory results.

The Correlation Study between the Specific IgE for Staphylococcus Aureus Exotoxin and Nasal Mucus Culture in Allergic Rhinitis / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a reported association between the increased levels of specific IgE and Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins (SE) and eosinophilic inflammation in nasal polyp tissue. However, the role of IgE to SE in allergic rhinitis has not been known definitely. We sought to find whether the specific IgE to SE has a correlation with the allergic rhinitis. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Nasal mucosa and serum were obtained from 30 patients undergoing submucous turbinectomy of inferior turbinates for allergic rhinitis and 20 control patients undergoing septoplasty. Nasal culture was performed for each patient. Specific IgE levels for S. aureus exotoxin A (SEA), S. aureus exotoxin B (SEB), and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) were measured using ImmunoCAP method in both nasal mucosa and serum. RESULTS: The culture rate for S. aureus was 13.3% for allergic rhinitis and 10% for the control. The specific IgE for S. aureus in serum was significantly expressed in allergic rhinitis (30%) compared to in the control (10%). In nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients, the specific IgE has shown higher expression rate (20%) than the control (0%). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that there is a correlation between allergic rhinitis and specific IgE to S. aureus exotoxin in both nasal mucosa and serum. These results suggest that S. aureus exotoxin can act as a traditional allergen and induce the development of allergic rhinitis.

The Effect of Intensive Therapy Using Nebulized Antibiotics after Endoscpic Sinus Surgery / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are some difficulties and dilemmas in treating patients who show acute recurrent infection or persistent inflammation after sinus surgery. Recently, nebulized antibiotic therapy was recommended as another treatment option for these patients. Our study was to evaluate the effect of nebulized antibiotic therapy in these patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We selected 38 adult patients who had received endoscopic surgery previously. They were patients of the refractory group who have showed persistent purulent rhinorrhea despite treatment for 2 months after sinus surgery and the acute exacerbation group who have showed repeated worsening of their symptoms more than 3 times for 6 months. Cultures were taken from all cases and proper oral antibiotics were used based on their culture results. Oral antibiotics were stopped during the nebulized antimicrobial therapy. Nebulized antibiotics therapy was performed 5 times a week for 4 weeks with cefmenoxime hydrochloride using ultrasonic nebulizer. The symptom score and endoscopic appearance were checked also before and 1, 2 and 3 months after the treatment. RESULTS: In 38 patients, 6 patients were excluded due to follow up loss or voluntary stop of treatment and 32 patients were available. S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were most common organisms in all patients. The symptom score and endoscopic appearance after the treatment showed significant improvement. No complication was found in all cases. CONCLUSION: Nebulized antibiotic therapy might be considered as another therapeutic option for patients with refractory or acute exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Tuberculous Cervical Lymphadenitis, Treatment and Outcome / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is a clinically common cervical inflammatory disease. But there are controversies in the management in spite of high prevalence. The aim of this study was to investigate proper treatment modality, such as antituberculous chemotherapy and surgery. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The study was based on a retrospective chart review in 65 patients with tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis who were treated between January 2001 and May 2005 at Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea. We have studied clinical manifestations, characteristics of the neck masses, diagnostic approach, radiologic finding, treatment modality, treatment response, and prognosis. RESULTS: Females were more affected, by about three fold, than males and the prevalence rate was higher in younger patients ranging from 20 to 30. The diagnosis was made over 89% with the initial tests such as FNAB, AFB stain and tuberculous PCR. The successful treatment rate just with anti-tuberculous medication was 90.6%. Especially, in the patients with abscess formation, treatment was successful in 90% only with anti-tuberculous medication. Seventeen cases were treated with medication and surgical management. These patients underwent selective neck dissection or mass excision to remove the entire lesion and there were no recurrence. CONCLUSION: Tuberculous lymphadenitis can be managed well just with anti-tuberculous medication. But, if local symptoms get worse even though the patient is under medical treatment, early surgical treatment is needed. The important thing is to remove the entire lesion when the surgical treatment must be taken.

Dandy-Walker Syndrome Confused with Peripheral Vestibular Neuronitis

Dandy-Walker syndrome is congenital malformation characterized by cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle and agenesis or hypogenesis of the cerebellar vermis. The major clinical symptoms of the disease are hydrocephalus, weakening of physical strenth and athletic abilities, macrocephaly, cerebellar disorders like ataxia, nystagmus and irritability, vomiting from IICP. The syndrome usually occurs in early infancy and is barely diagnosed in adult. A fifty six aged female patient whose chief complaints were dizziness with right nystagmus and right hearing disturbance visited our outpatient clinic and showed ninety three/fifty six dB in right pure tone audiometry. So we prescribed PO medication on the assumption that she had right sudden sensoryneural hearing loss with vertigo, however left nystagmus was seen in her physical examination after discharge. We present this case that she was diagnosed as Dandy-Walker syndrome in brain MRI after all.

The Correlation Study between the Specific IgE for Staphylococcus Aureus Exotoxin and Nasal Mucus Culture in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) exotoxins (SE) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). The aim of this study was to identify the contribution of S. aureus exotoxin as allergen in the development of nasal polyp. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Nasal polyp and serum were obtained from 30 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP and 10 control turbinate mucosae were used. Nasal culture was done for each patients. Specific IgE levels for S. aureus exotoxin A (SEA), S. aureus exotoxin B (SEB), and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) were measured using ImmunoCAP method in nasal tissue and serum. The patients were divided into three groups : A, nasal polyp (+)/culture (+) ; B, nasal polyp (+)/culture (-) ; C, nasal polyp (-)/culture (-). RESULTS: The culture for S. aureus was 27% in CRSwNP when compared to 10% in control. The specific IgE for S. aureus in serum was significantly expressed in nasal polyp (30%) compared to control (0%). Also the Group A showed a significant high rate of specific IgE (63%) compared to Group B (18%) and Group C (0%) in serum. In nasal polyp tissue, the specific IgE has showed no specific difference between nasal polyp (7%) and control (10%). However, it was also increased in Group A (25%), compared to Group B (0%) and Group C (11%). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that there was a correlation between nasal polyp and specific IgE levels to S. aureus exotoxin. These results suggest that S. aureus exotoxin can act as a traditional allergen and induce the inflammatory reaction in CRSwNP. Background and Objectives : Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) exotoxins (SE) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). The aim of this study was to identify the contribution of S. aureus exotoxin as allergen in the development of nasal polyp.

Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin 8 and Dexamethasone in the FAK Expression by Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells / 대한정형외과연구학회지

PURPOSE: Human nucleus pulposus cells from intervertebral disc specimens were cultured to study the effects of TNF-alphaand IL-8 on the FAK expression by these cells. The effect of co-stimulation with dexamethasone on the FAK expression by nucleus pulposus cells was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The FAK expression in cultured human nucleus pulposus cells relation to TNF-alpha, IL-8 and dexamethasone was assessed by performing western blot. RESULTS: The activated FAK expression was up-regulated by treatments of TNF-alpha and IL-8. Dexamethasone attenuated the cytokine-induced FAK expression. The effects of inflammatory cytokines on the FAK expression were found to be concentration dependent with greater correlation shown by IL-8 than by TNF-alpha. CONCLUSION: The FAK expression of human nucleus pulposus cells was up-regulated by TNF-alpha and IL-8 stimulation and it was attenuated by the co-administration of dexamethasone.

Affecting Factors to Arthroscopic Inside-Out Repair of Isolated Meniscus Tear

PURPOSE: Clinical outcomes of arthroscopic meniscal repair for isolated meniscal tear were investigated and the factors affecting the outcome were determined MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 25 cases of 24 patients with isolated meniscal injury who underwent arthroscopic meniscal repair follow-up for more than 1 year. Results were evaluated by clinical healing criteria and Lysholm score in relation with age, elapsed time to surgery, location, length & patterns of tear. RESULTS: 20 cases (80%) were clinically healed. The average Lysholm scores improved from 69.3 to 86.2. Those who were under the age of 30 years old had significant relationship with rates of clinical healing. The length, patterns, location of tear, and elapsed time to surgery affected clinical results but, they did not have statistic significance. CONCLUSION: In spite of some limitations of indication, arthroscopic inside-out meniscal repair in isolated meniscal tears provide reliable method for successful outcome. Age at the time of injury has positive correlation with clinical result.

Relationship between Soft Tissue Damages and Spinal Cord Injury in Lower Cervical Spine Trauma / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To determine the implications of soft tissue damage and to evaluate the correlations between the extent of soft tissue damages and spinal cord injury after a lower cervical spine trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed the medical records, plain radiograms, and MRI of the consecutive 89 patients who underwent operative treatment in the lower cervical trauma. The radiological parameters of soft tissue damage including anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), intervertebral disc (Disc), posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), ligamentum flavum (LF), interspinous ligament (ISL), supraspinous ligament (SSL), posterior muscle group (PM), cord compression (CC), and cord signal changes (CS) were evaluated using plain radiograms and magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship between the level of cord injury and the type of soft tissue damage, injury type and severity was determined. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the extent of cord injury and the injury type. Cord injury frequently occurred as a result of compressive extension (3 of 4 cases), combined injury (4 of 7 cases) and distractive extension (14 of 23 cases). On the other hand, only 11 of the 16 cases with compressive flexion had a cord injury. In the distractive-extension cord injury cases (2 out of 10 cases in stage I, 12 out of 13 cases in stage II) the frequency of cord injury increased with increasing degree of the soft tissue damage. The incidence of cord injury was higher in the distractive-flexion cases (stage I, 0 out of 6 cases, stage II, 8 out of 35 cases, stage III, 3 out of 5 cases), (p=0.082). Multiple logistic analysis revealed a significant correlation between the cord injury and soft tissue damage including parameters such as the injury type, PLL injury, CC and CS. There was more frequent cord injury encountered in patients with more extensive injuries to the posterior neck muscles (p=0.063). CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between the injury type and the incidence of cord injury. In distractive extension and distractive flexion, there was more increasing incidence of cord injury with increasing severity of the injury. In addition, there was a high incidence of cord injury associated with not only the injury type but also a PLL and posterior neck muscle injury.

Chicken Embryo as a Model of Inner Ear Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Nowdays, numbers of patient who suffers from inner ear disease are increased and we need to completely understand about inner ear anatomy and embryology. But we have many problems to use human itself as a model, so it is difficult for us to study. Instead of using human as a model, recent days, many doctors use mammalians and birds. In this study, we used chicken embryo as a model whose inner ear was thought to be similar with human's inner ear and we made effort to get inner ear images by light microscope. MATERIALS AND METHOD:We incubated Gallus domesticus in auto-incubator for 12days. In each embryonic day (4th to 12th days), we got the chicken embryo and made paraffin block. Next, with micro-tomb, we made slice section and fixed to slide. Using micro-digital camera system, we took the picture of the inner ear of chicken embryo. RESULTS:We observed the structures of inner ear of chicken embryo from 4th embryonic day to 12th embryonic day. In 4th day and 5th day, we could not get the definite clear image. But from 6th to 12th day, we got the clear images of utricle, saccule, semicircular canals, etc. In several micro-section methods, making oblique coronal section was showed the best images of inner ear. CONCLUSION:This study was the start point of chicken inner ear embryology and anatomy. Hereafter, we should make the deeper study about chicken inner ear with these results and investigate the genetic and extrinsic factors which influence to inner ear disease. So we should solve the fundamental problem of inner ear disease based on this study

Giant Dollish Face of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Patient Resulting from Compulsive Foreign Body Injection

Body dysmorphic disorders can be often diagnosed among the group of patients seeking plastic surgery with excessiveness. For the correction of unrealistic body images tied up in their minds, they have a tendency to choose improper plastic operation or unlicensed procedures rather than the psychiatric intervention. So- called 'illegal injection' performed by the unlicensed has been readily accessible tempting alternatives, which could result in disastrous outcomes due to multiple compulsive injections. Nowadays injection of foreign materials, such as paraffin oil or liquid silicon, is thought to be obsolete in modern medical procedures. Nevertheless, these illegal procedures have been in extensive use among some Asian countries, including Korea, by the unlicensed. Local complication, particularly, granulomatous inflammatory responses of variable severity can occur, despite skillful techniques and even small amount of injection. Futhermore, these lesions frequently persist or recur after treatment. We have a case of a body dysmorphic disorder manifesting severe, huge foreign body granulomas caused by silicon, paraffin and oil injected. Our case was a 38- years-old woman who had multiple huge masses on head and neck which had slowly grown after multiple injections for about 16 years. After a psychiatric intervention, we performed partial resection of masses in cheek and neck area, followed by liposuction of forehead, neck and scalp. A brief history of case and the clinical significance of foreign body injection in body dysmorphic disorder were described.

Two-Dimensional Breath-Hold Coronary MR Angiography in Normal Adults

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of two-dimensional breath-hold coronary magnetic resonance angiography (coronary MRA) in normal rolunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a four-month period, 11 volunteers underwent MRA of the major coronary branches using a 2-D multiphase breath-hold spiral fast-gradient echo sequence. The proximal diameter of each visualized coronary artery was measured, and visibility and image quality were also determined. RESULTS: Adequate visualization was achieved in 82-100% of proximal coronary arterial branches and in 36-55% of the middle, distal branches. In general, the diameter of the proximal coronary artery correlated closely with that measured from conventional coronary angiography and using previous coronary MRA data. However, visibility and image quality in the left circumflex coronary artery were limited. CONCLUSION: In the majority of subjects, 2-D coronary MRA provides adequate visualization of the proximal segments of the major coronary arterial branches.