Transurethral partial cystectomy with a 2 micron laser in diagnosis and treatment for bladder submucosal lesions in adults / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of transurethral partial cystectomy with a 2 µm laser in diagnosis and treatment for the bladder submucosal lesions in adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine patients with suspected pathological diagnosed bladder submucosal lesions in out-patient department were diagnosed and treated transurethral with a 2 µm laser under sacral block between August 2009 and December 2010. The diameters of tumors were 1.5 - 2.5 cm. A 2 µm laser was used to incise the full-thickness bladder wall around the tumors. The entire bladder wall was peeled between the detrusor muscle layer and outer connective tissues. Tumors with bladder wall at the base were removed together and sent for pathological examination. The surgical procedures, intraoperative hemorrhage, intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed, pathological diagnosis and postoperative follow-up were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All operations were successful. Mean operative time was 36.4 minutes (range 25 to 47 minutes), perioperative blood loss was minimal. There was no obturator nerve reflection and no hemorrhage detected after surgery. Postoperative pathological diagnosis included leiomyoma in 3 cases, pheochromocytoma in 3 cases, endometriosis in 1 case and metastatic bladder cancer in 2 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transurethral partial cystectomy with a 2 µm laser can diagnose and treat bladder submucosal lesions. The procedures are effective and safe. Patients could get accurate pathological diagnosis without further painful and some bladder tumors can be treated by minimally invasive surgery.</p>

Frequency and linkage disequilibrium of specific HLA-DR and HLA-DQ genes in Chinese Han population / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the distribution feature of HLA-DR/DQ gene linkage disequilibrium in Chinese Han population and to improve the accuracy of HLA matching results. Genotyping of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ gene locus was performed using PCR-SSP typing in Chinese Han population receiving kidney transplantation. The results showed that there were 29 new linkage combinations in 1799 patients, in which DR13-DQ5, DR11-DQ8 and DR8-DQ8 were discovered for 11, 8 and 7 times respectively while DR9-DQ8, DR12-DQ6 and DR14-DQ4 were both discovered for 6 times. The linkage disequilibrium parameters of these haplotypes were negative, showing that these linkages were uncommon. It is concluded that this study not only enriches the classical HLA-DR/DQ linkage combinations, but also indicates the national relevance of combination distribution, and it has great importance in improving the accuracy of HLA matching experiments and reducing unnecessary repeated work.

Analysis of the 1000 Hz tympanometry in normal hearing neonates / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analysis the clinical characteristics of 1000 Hz probe tone tympanometry obtained from normal neonates who passed the OAE screening. To calculate the normal range of the variances of the tympanometry, which may serve as the guide for newborn hearing screening and detect middle ear function in neonates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>OAE screening were performed to screen the hearing with GSI-70 Automated OAE. The 1000 Hz probe tone tympanograms were obtained from 650 neonates who passed the TEOAE screening in both ears and were on the normal physiological conditions after birth with GSI Tympstar Version II Middle Ear Analyzer. The means, the standard deviation, the 95% confidence interval were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 1000 Hz tympanometric data showed the 1Y1B1G tympanogram in 732 ears (56.3%), the 1Y3B1G tympanogram in 145 ears (11.2%), the 0Y0B0G tympanogram in 269 ears (20.7%), other shapes in 154 ears (11.8%) according to the Vanhuyse model. The 1000 Hz tympanometric datas showed the single-peaked tympanogram in 967 ears, the 95% confidence interval of the tympanometric data were as follows: tympanometric peak pressure (Tpp) was from -55.0 to 180.0 daPa, peak compensated static acoustic admittance (Peak Ytm) was 0.03-1.18 mmHo, tympanometric width (TW) was 70.0-230.0 daPa.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The majority of 1000 Hz tympanograms from this study show the single-peaked in normal neonates. The 95% confidence interval of the tympanometric data may serve as a guide for hearing screening and detecting middle ear function in neonates.</p>

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy: report of 58 cases / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review a single-institution experience with retroperitoneal laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (RLDN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-eight donors underwent RLDN at our institution (including 32 male and 26 female donors aged 20-61 years, mean 42 years). Left nephrectomy was performed in 56 cases. The first 35 patients underwent total RLDN, and the latter 23 received modified RLDN.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RLDN was performed successfully in all the patients without conversion to open surgery. The mean surgical time was 93 min (range 70-130 min), and the mean blood loss was 20 ml (range 10-50 ml), with a mean warm ischemia time of 2.8 min (1.3-6 min). Retroperitoneal hematoma occurred postoperatively in one case. The mean hospital stay of the donors was 6.4 days (5-10 days). Two recipients showed delayed graft function, and one graft was lost because of acute rejection. The other recipients had normal renal function in two weeks except for 3 having normal renal function in 4 weeks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RLDN is a safe procedure with minimal invasiveness, and the modified RLDN lowers the learning curve of the surgery.</p>

Combination of adjuvant hormonal therapy and brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To evaluate the security and effect of combination of adjuvant hormonal thera- py and brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer.Methods 22 patients with T1-T2c prostate cancer were treated with transperineal ultrasound-guide 125I seeds prostate implantation and adjuvant hormonal therapy for 4～7 months.The hormonal therapy include 2-4 months before brachytherapy and 1～4 months after brachytherapy.Results The median operation time was ninety minutes,the median number of ~(125)I seeds used was 56.The follow up time was 12～48 months,the cases of PSA