ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We determined whether the cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation change as a function of the time elapsed after injury and the level of injury in patients with spinal cord injury. METHODS: One-hundred-eighty six patients with complete cord injury were grouped into 3 according to the level of injury:high- (T1-T4, n = 34), mid- (T5-T10, n = 47) and low paraplegics ( 10 yrs.Twenty-five patients with no cord injury served as controls.Systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured. RESULTS: The intubation caused an increase of SAP and norepinephrine concentrations in every group.However, the magnitude of their peak increases was less in high paraplegics compared with all other groups (P < 0.05).HR was similarly increased in all groups (P < 0.01).Pressure but not either HR or norepinephrine response was enhanced in mid- and low-paraplegics whose injury elapsed more than 10 yrs compared with controls (P < 0.05).The incidence of arrhythmias did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The pressure and plasma catecholamine changes associated with endotracheal intubation may be attenuated in high-paraplegics, and the pressure changes may be enhanced over time in mid- and low-paraplegics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Arterial Pressure , Heart Rate , Hemodynamics , Hypertension , Incidence , Intubation , Intubation, Intratracheal , Laryngoscopy , Norepinephrine , Plasma , Spinal Cord Injuries , TachycardiaABSTRACT
Primary bladder amyloidosis is a rare disease causing hematuria which is difficult to be differenciated from bladder cancer at cystoscope. We report a case of primary bladder amyloidosis who was diagnosed at other procedure for distal ureteral stone failed in repeated ESWL disintegration. Transurethral resection of bladder mass and the pathologic results revealed amyloidosis. The systemic studies for the detection of the site of other amyloidosis were failed to get positive result. There were massive hematuria after a few hours later from the transurethral resection of the bladder mass and the bleeding was controlled with 1% alum bladder irrigation. The patient is followed regularly for recurrent amyloidosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amyloidosis , Cystoscopes , Hematuria , Hemorrhage , Rare Diseases , Ureter , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Urinary BladderABSTRACT
Prostatic cancer is the typical hormone dependant cancer and several kinds of hormones are used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Since Harris had proposed the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis, the hypothalamus is believed the exclusive organ producing GnRH. According to the recent researches, several organs were proved to be the extrahypothalamic GnRH sources in human and animal. In this research, the expression of the GnRH and GnRH receptor mRNA, detection of the GnRH which prostate cancer cell produced and effect of the GnRH on the prostate cancer cell proliferation using three human prostate cancer cell lines, ALVA 41, ALVA 101 and DU-145 were studied. In Situ Hybridization method was used for the detection of the expression of the GnRH and GnRH receptor mRNA. The charcoal stripped serum and high performance liquid chromatography were used for the detection of the GnRH produced from prostate cancer cells. Thymidine incorporation assay was used for the evaluation of the effect of the GnRH on the prostate cancer cell proliferation. The GnRH mRNA were detected in 96.7% of ALVA 41, 91.5% of ALVA 101 and 95.3% of DU-145 and GnRH receptor mRNA expression signals were detected in almost all of the examined prostate cancer cells, more than 95%, in three cell lines. The number of signals of the GnRH receptor mRNA were more than GnRH mRNA. The GnRH produced from the rostate cancer cell was detected at culture medium with retention time 19.40 minutes. The cancer cells cultured with peptide hormone deficient medium using charcoal stripped serum showed more than 20% growth retardation to the cancer cells grown at the medium used normal serum. The treatment of the GnRH on the cancer cells growing at the peptide hormone deficient medium showed statistically insignificant dose dependant growth retardation. The RESULTS of our research showed that the human prostate cancer cells, including two hormone refractory prostate cancer cell lines, produce the GnRH and the GnRH receptor in the same cell which could be suggest that the role of GnRH produced from the prostate cancer cell would be autocrine action. And the prostate cancer cell growth was down regulated by unknown complex of various peptide hormones and the GnRH does not has the significant effect on the proliferations of the prostate cancer cells. With those RESULTS we obtained in this research and other's data, it seems that there is a system that contains production of GnRH and GnRH receptor and metabolic mechinary within prostate cancer cell. And there should be the some changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis and the mechanism using GnRH analogues for the treatment of prostate cancer aside from central mechanism.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Axis, Cervical Vertebra , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation , Charcoal , Chromatography, Liquid , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone , Gonads , Hypothalamus , In Situ Hybridization , Peptide Hormones , Prostate , Prostatic Neoplasms , Receptors, LHRH , RNA, Messenger , ThymidineABSTRACT
The records of 56 consecutive patients with bladder tumor were evaluated for correlation of preoperative cytological findings with endoscopic findings, pathological grade and stage from January, 1983 to June, l985 at the department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital The cyto1ogical results of urine were influenced by pathological grade, stage and shape of the tumor. There was a significant increase in the number of negative urine cytology according to the decrease of grade and stage. We suggest that class I, II, III results of urine cytology with bladder tumor are usually associated with low grade or low stage (superficia1) tumor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Urinary Bladder , UrologyABSTRACT
Squamous cell carcinoma of prostate is extremely rare form of cancer which seems to differ from the common prostatic adenocarcinoma in its origin, its more aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. We report a case of prostatic squamous cell carcinoma in 79-year-old man who complained of acute urinary retention. Histological diagnosis revealed squamous cell carcinoma of prostate.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Adenocarcinoma , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Diagnosis , Prognosis , Prostate , Urinary RetentionABSTRACT
From October 1974 to September 1984, 64 consecutive patients of bladder and urethral cancer were treated by cystectomy and urinary diversion at the Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital. Comparative study was made between enteric diversion and ureterocutaneostomy, and several surgical mo. dality of cystectomy. The results obtained were as follows. l. The modes of cystectomy were simple cystectomy in 5 cases (7.8%), total cystectomy in 48 cases (75.0%), radical cystectomy in 10 cases (15.6%) and pelvic exenteration in 1 cases (1.6%). 2. The causes of cystectomy with urinary diversion were primary bladder cancer in 60 cases (93.8%), urethral carcinoma in 2 cases (3.1%) and metastatic bladder cancer in 2 cases (3.1%). 3. The methods of urinary. diversion were ileal conduit in 38 cases (59.4%) , ileocecal conduit in 5 cases (7.8%), tube in double stoma ureterocutaneostomy in 7 cases (10.9%) and tubeless single stoma ureterocutaneostomy in 14 cases (21.9%). 4. Age distribution was from 4 to 79 years and average was 56.3 years. Male to female ratio was 7:l. 5. Most frequent urinary diversion was enteric in 6th decade and ureterocutaneostomy in 7th decade. 6. Average operation time was 360 minutes in enteric diversion with total cystectomy and 272 minutes in ureterocutaneostomy with total cystectomy. 7. High stage (>=pT2) was 76.5% in enteric diversion and 81.O% in ureterocutaneostomy. High grade (II or III) was 67.6% in enteric diversion and 81.0% in ureterocutaneostomy. 8. Early complication rates were 50.0% in ileal conduit, 60.0% in ileocecal conduit, 42.9% in tube in double stoma ureterocutaneostomy, and 35.7% in tubeless single stoma ureterocutaneostomy. Late complication rates were 52.4% in ileal couuit, 40.0% ileocecal conduit and 33.3% in tubeless single stoma ureterocutaneostomy. 9. Local recurrence of tumor was observed in 80.0% of simple cystectomy cases but recurrence was not in total or radical cystectomy. Conclusively, total or radical cystectomy is treatment of choice in invasive bladder tumor rather than simple cystectomy. And single stoma ureterocutaneostomy may be useful method of urinary diversion inhigh stage, high grade, aged and poor risk patient if stomal control is male carefully.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Age Distribution , Cystectomy , Pelvic Exenteration , Recurrence , Urethral Neoplasms , Urinary Bladder , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Urinary Diversion , UrologyABSTRACT
Crossed renal ectopia with fusion is an unusual congenital anomaly, probably produced by abnormal development of the ureteral bud. The deformity itself produces no symptoms but it presents possible urinary tract infection, obstuction and stone formation, and other anomaly in body. Herein we report two cases of crossed fused renal ectopia complained of abdominal mass in 28 year old female and abdominal pain after trauma in 14 year-old boy.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Abdominal Pain , Congenital Abnormalities , Ureter , Urinary Tract InfectionsABSTRACT
Dermoid cyst of the ovary extended into the urinary bladder is a rare condition. We have experienced two cases of ovarian cyst with cysto-vesical fistula, one of which has a vesical stone concomittently. Here these two cases of dermoid cyst ruptured into the bladder have been presented with some literatures.