Effects of interval training on the strength quality of aerobic college students / Efeitos do treinamento intervalado sobre a qualidade da força dos estudantes universitários especializados em aeróbica / Efectos del entrenamiento por intervalos en la calidad de la fuerza de estudiantes universitarios especializados en aerobic

ABSTRACT Introduction: Intermittent training can effectively promote better physical and psychological quality in athletes. Due to the great increase in aerobic gymnastics practice, interval training has also been gradually considered in the daily training of aerobic sports practitioners. Objective: Study the effects of the interference of high-intensity interval training interventions on strength quality and other physical indicators related to aerobic specialties. Methods: 25 subjects participated in the experimental group, and 25 participated in the control group. The participants had 12 weeks of training, with one hour of physical training on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The training mode of the subjects in the experimental group was interval training, while the training mode of the subjects in the control group was daily training. Results: The results of long jump, push-up, 100m run, and 30m round-trip run in the experimental group increased by 17.59%, 23.63%, 17.83%, and 23.98%, respectively. Conclusion: Aerobic gymnastic athletes' physical quality can improve through high-intensity interval training. Thus, if the teaching method of intermittent training can be combined within a given period of classroom training, it will enable an efficient and diversified training method for teaching aerobic gymnastics more innovatively and diversely. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento intermitente pode promover efetivamente a uma melhor qualidade física e psicológica dos atletas. Devido ao grande aumento da prática de ginástica aeróbica, o treinamento intervalado também tem sido paulatinamente considerado no treinamento diário dos praticantes do esporte aeróbico. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos da interferência das intervenções de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre a qualidade da força e outros indicadores físicos relacionados às especialidades de aeróbica. Métodos: No grupo experimental participaram 25 sujeitos e 25 sujeitos no grupo de controle. Os participantes tiveram 12 semanas de treinamento com uma hora de treinamento físico na segunda, quarta e sexta-feira. O modo de treinamento dos sujeitos no grupo experimental foi o treinamento intervalado, enquanto o modo de treinamento dos sujeitos no grupo de controle foi o treinamento cotidiano. Resultados: Os resultados do salto em distância, flexão, corrida de 100m e corrida de 30m de ida e volta no grupo experimental aumentaram em 17,59%, 23,63%, 17,83% e 23,98% respectivamente. Conclusão: A qualidade física dos atletas de ginástica aeróbica pode ser melhorada através de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. Desta forma, se o método de ensino do treinamento intermitente puder ser combinado dentro de um período determinado de treinamento em sala de aula, ele possibilitará um método de treinamento eficiente e diversificado para o ensino de ginástica aeróbica de forma mais inovadora e diversificada. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento intermitente puede promover eficazmente una mejor calidad física y psicológica en los atletas. Debido al gran aumento de la práctica de la gimnasia aeróbica, el entrenamiento por intervalos también se ha ido considerando gradualmente en el entrenamiento diario de los practicantes de deportes aeróbicos. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos de interferencia de las intervenciones de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre la calidad de la fuerza y otros indicadores físicos relacionados con las especialidades aeróbicas. Métodos: 25 sujetos participaron en el grupo experimental y 25 sujetos en el grupo de control. Los participantes tuvieron 12 semanas de entrenamiento con una hora de entrenamiento físico los lunes, miércoles y viernes. El modo de entrenamiento de los sujetos del grupo experimental fue el entrenamiento por intervalos, mientras que el modo de entrenamiento de los sujetos del grupo de control fue el entrenamiento diario. Resultados: Los resultados de salto de longitud, flexiones, carrera de 100 m y carrera de 30 m ida y vuelta en el grupo experimental aumentaron un 17,59%, 23,63%, 17,83% y 23,98% respectivamente. Conclusión: La calidad física de los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica puede mejorar mediante el entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad. Por lo tanto, si el método de enseñanza del entrenamiento intermitente puede combinarse dentro de un periodo determinado de formación en el aula, permitirá un método de entrenamiento eficaz y diverso para enseñar la gimnasia aeróbica de una forma más innovadora y diversa. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effects of aerobics on physical fitness of female university students in physical education / Efeitos da aeróbica na aptidão física das universitárias em educação física / Efectos del aeróbic en la aptitud física de las estudiantes universitarias de educación física

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobic gymnastics will be implemented in several universities' physical education elective course schedules due to its unique advantages, including lower physical environment demands and rapid applicability. Objective: Study the effects of physical training with aerobic gymnastics on the physical fitness of female university students. Methods: The controlled experiment was performed on female undergraduate students of the physical education course at a university. The volunteers were divided into a control group, subjected to the existing aerobics teaching plan, and the experimental group, which practiced an enhanced program compared to the existing aerobics teaching plan. The competitive aerobics physical training method, along with a 30-minute physical training plan, was performed in each class. Another course design and organization were performed according to the existing teaching plan. Results: The mean score of the experimental group before the experiment was 45.22; 49.36 in the second week; 55.22 in the fourth week, 62.89 in the sixth week, 70.2 at the eighth week, and 76.73 at the end of 10 weeks of training. Conclusion: The aerobic physical training program proposed in this work presented a better effect on the fitness gain of female university students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A ginástica aeróbica será implementada na grade de cursos eletivos de educação física em várias universidades devido a suas vantagens singulares que incluem menores exigências do ambiente físico e rápida aplicabilidade. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do treinamento físico com a ginástica aeróbica sobre a aptidão física das estudantes universitárias. Métodos: O experimento controlado foi executado em universitárias do curso de educação física de uma universidade. As voluntárias foram divididas em grupo controle, submetido ao plano de ensino de aeróbica existente; e o grupo experimental, que praticou um programa aperfeiçoado em relação ao plano de ensino de aeróbica existente. O método de treinamento físico em aeróbica competitiva, juntamente a um plano de treinamento físico de 30 minutos foi realizado em cada aula. Outro projeto e organização do curso foram realizados de acordo com o plano de ensino existente. Resultados: A pontuação média do grupo experimental antes do experimento foi de 45,22; 49,36 na segunda semana; 55,22 na quarta semana, 62,89 na sexta semana, 70,2 na oitava semana e 76,73 ao final de 10 semanas de treinamento. Conclusão: O programa de treinamento físico aeróbico proposto neste trabalho apresentou um melhor efeito sobre o ganho da aptidão física das universitárias. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La gimnasia aeróbica será implementada en la programación de cursos electivos de educación física en varias universidades debido a sus ventajas únicas que incluyen menores exigencias del ambiente físico y rápida aplicabilidad. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del entrenamiento físico con gimnasia aeróbica en la aptitud física de estudiantes universitarias. Métodos: El experimento controlado se realizó en estudiantes universitarias del curso de educación física de una universidad. Los voluntarios se dividieron en un grupo de control, sometido al plan de enseñanza de aeróbic existente; y el grupo experimental, que practicó un programa mejorado en relación con el plan de enseñanza de aeróbic existente. El método de entrenamiento físico en aeróbic de competición, junto con un plan de entrenamiento físico de 30 minutos, se llevó a cabo en cada clase. El diseño y la organización de otro curso se llevaron a cabo de acuerdo con el plan de enseñanza existente. Resultados: La puntuación media del grupo experimental antes del experimento era de 45,22; 49,36 en la segunda semana; 55,22 en la cuarta semana, 62,89 en la sexta semana, 70,2 en la octava semana y 76,73 al final de las 10 semanas de entrenamiento. Conclusión: El programa de entrenamiento físico aeróbico propuesto en este trabajo presentó un mejor efecto en la ganancia de la aptitud física de las estudiantes universitarias. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Interpretation of standard of training and evaluation on semi-automatic biochemical analyzer in grass-root medical unit / 医疗卫生装备

Objetive To analyze the standard of training and evaluation on semi-automatic biochemical analyzer to improve grass-root medical unit in training on the analyzer.Methods The standard was analyzed and expounded from the aspects of scope of application,requirements,subjects setting,key links as well as the demands of evaluation scoring scale.Results The main points of the standard included elementary knowledge of biochemical analysis as well as the structure,principle,installation,operation,application,maintenance and etc of the semi-automatic biochemical analyzer.The integration of personnel and instrument contributed to accurate and rapid output of test report.Conclusion It is necessary to grasp accurately the connotation of the standard to improve the quality of medical equipment training.

Age estimation in the Living from the knee by using MRI T2 weighting images with fat suppression / 中国法医学杂志

Objective The purpose of this study is to estimate the living age by MRI T2-FS images of the knee and to establish a new age estimation method without radiation in Sichuan Hans population. Methods We retrospectively evaluated sagittal T2-weighted, fat-suppression and turbo spin-echo sequence taken upon MRI of 324patients (170 males, 154 females; age 10~30) using a six-stage method. The gender difference was tested by Mann-Whitney U and the correlation between the knee and age height was tested by Spearman correlation coefficient. Regression models were built for age estimation in both genders. Results The correlation between the distal femur and age was 0.687 in males and 0.661in females and was 0.684 in males and 0.488 in females between the proximal tibia and age. Comparison of male and female revealed nonsignificant differences in the ages at the stages 1~3, 5, 6 of the distal femoral epiphysis and stage 1~3, 5 of the proximal tibial epiphysis. The fusion of distal femur commenced at 18.42 years in males and 19.36 years in females. The fusion of proximal tibia commenced at 16.93 years in males and14.68 years in females. The test of accuracy showed MAD=2.90 years in the males and MAD=3.30 years in the females in the compound regression model. Conclusion MRI T2-FS images of the knee can be an indicator for age estimation in the living and stage 6 of the distal femur can be used to determine 18-year limit.

Stature estimation from the average length of clavicle by using computed tomography-volume rendering technique images of Sichuan Hans population / 中国法医学杂志

Objective The purpose of this study is to estimate the body height of Sichuan Hans population by CT-VRT images of clavicle and to update the data of Stature estimation. Methods Three hundred individual CT-VRT images of clavicle were selected. The length of both side clavicles was measured and then the average clavicle length (ACL),the left clavicle length(LCL),the right clavicle length(RCL)was calculated as independent variable to establish the regression equations. The gender difference was tested by ANOVA and the correlation between the clavicle and the body height was tested by Pearson. Result The correlation between the ACL, LCL, RCL and the body height was normal in both genders (0.534 in male ACL and 0.707in female ACL; 0.484 in male LCL, 0.680in femaleLCL;0.523 in male RCL, 0.695 in female RCL). The test of accuracy showed MAD=4.48cm in the male ACL simple linear regression model and MAD=3.51cm in the female ACL simple linear regression model; MAD=4.60cm in the male LCL model, MAD=3.64cm in the female LCL simple linear regression model; MAD=4.49cm in the male RCL model, MAD=3.59cm in the female RCL model. Conclusion The regression equations derided from clavicle on the basis of CT-VRT images in this study can be used to estimate stature for Sichuan Hans population. But the R2 values were small, so it's better to combine other bone for stature estimation.

Useful tools for the age 18 estimation in forensic radiology / 中国法医学杂志

The age of 18 is an important criterion in judicial trial, immigrant and competitive sports. Consequentially, the estimation of age 18 is a key issue in forensic practice and research. The extremitas sternalis claviculae, iliac crest, third molar, and the proximal limb of the limb bone were usually used as indictors of age 18. The results of the previous studies demonstrated that those indictors could be beneficial to the estimation of age 18. The X-ray, CT, ultrasound and MRI of different indictors were widely utilized for the estimation of age 18, particularly the thin-layer CT. But due to the non-radiation, MRI will be a trend for forensic age estimation in the future. Whilst in the previous studies, the descriptive analysis was applied for the estimation of age 18, but due to the low statistic efficiency, it is unsuitable for forensic age estimation, and the future studies should pay attention to the high efficiency statistical methods, for instance, the ROC curve or the data mining.

Serological detection of suspected measles cases in Xicheng District of Bei-jing,2011-2014 / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the serological detection of suspected measles cases in Xicheng District of Beijing,and provide basis for monitoring and prevention of measles.Methods Detection results of 200 blood speci-mens and age distribution of suspected measles cases in Xicheng District of Beijing in 2011 -2014 were analyzed. Results The positive rate of serological detection of suspected measles cases in 2011-2014 was 32.50%(65/200);positive rates in each year were 12.00%,4.35%,33.90%,and 44.09% respectively;there was significant differ-ence in the positive rate of serological tests in different years(P 24 years old,positive rates of serological detection were 35.38% and 34.02% respectively;31 cases (15.50%)received vaccination of measles;vaccine coverage rate in IgM antibody positive cases was lower than IgM antibody negative cases (3.08% vs 21 .48%,P <0.001 ).Conclusion Positive rate of serological detection de-creased in 2012,then increased year by year,for children under 5 years,measles are controlled by immunization with measles vaccine,in order to achieve the goal of eliminating measles effectively,control and prevention of adult measles is of great significance.

Detection and analysis of virulence-associated genes in Shigella species in Xicheng district of Beijing from 2005 to 2007 / 中国人兽共患病学报

The objective of the present study was to detect the virulence-associated genes of Shigella species in Xicheng district of Beijing and in order to develop the multiplex PCR method for diagnosis.From 2005 to 2007,a total of 95 strains were detected and four sets of primers were applied to amplify ipaH,ial,set1A and set1B genes,respectively.At the same time,a reaction condition was established for the multiplex PCR.Results indicated that the ipaH gene was present in all Shigella strains but the set1A and set1B genes were only present in all Shigella flexneri strains.Moreover,the positive rate of the ial gene in repeated recovery Shigella strains was decreased,and the deletion rate of Shigella sonnei was relatively higher (49%).Results indicated that the diverse distributions of the virulence-associated genes were according to the various distributions of strain types of Shigella.The multiplex PCR method developed a quicker and more convenient way for Shigella strains typing,and it had clinic significance for diagnosis in Shigella species.

Quantitative comparison study of static postural balance of children with different sexes and ages / 中国康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore the influences of different sexes and ages on children static balance at the basis of quantitative comparison study of static postural balance of children aged 6-8(-year-odl).Method:A total of 499 children aged 6-8-year-old were recruited,which include 254 boys and 245 girls.Static postural balance test of these subjects was performed by using KY-1112 system for stabilometric analysis with subjects opening and closing eyes situations.Result:①There was a significant gender difference in static balance.At gender comparison,there was a significant difference on 3 indicators at the situations with eyes opening(P<0.05),and 3 indicators at the situations with eyes closing(P<0,01).②A significant difference Was shown in age comparison on 5 indicators(P<0.05).The mean of 5 indicators decreased with age growing.As compared with the value among Eve Area(with eyes opening and closing)and Track location Variance (with eyes opening).there Was a significant difference between children aged 8-year-old and 6-7-year-old(P<0.01),and no significant difference between 6-year-old and 7-year-old.There was a very significant difference on the LNG indicators at the situations with eyes opening and closing(P<0.01).③The value R indicator Was less than 1.Conclusion:To the children aged 6-8-year-old,there was significant gender difference in static balance,the balance function of girls was better than that of boys;there was significant age difference in static balance,with age growing the static balance rose also;relatively speaking,the gravity center shaking area was larger at forward and backward than that at leftward and rishtward.

A static balance test for six-to eight-year-old boys and establishment of its evaluating system / 中国组织工程研究

OBJECTIVE:To test the static balance function of boys aged from 6 to 8 years and then to establish a system of evaluating the static balance function.METHODS:A total of 388 boys aged from 6 to 8 years were randomly selected from 16 kindergartens of 8 counties(cities)in 4regions of Hebei Province.The inclusive cdteria were as follows:no systematic training of sports,no myopia,normal body shape and no obvious obesity.The balance force-measuring plates made by Hefei Institute of Intelligent of Chinese Academy of Sciences,computer and the supporting software were adopted.The subjects received an indoor test of 6 testing postures,namely,standing on two feet with eyes open(and closed),standing on left leg with eyes open(and closed),standing on right leg with eyes open(and closed).Six indexes relating to balance abilities including the mean of X direction,the mean of Y direction,R value,track length per unit time and track location variance of the envelop area.RESULTS:The original screening of all indexes showed that 6 kinds of postures reduced to 4 and that indexes reduced from 36 to 24.The second screening with cluster analysis which was conducted to the 4 kinds of postures showed that 24 indexes reduced to 17 when selecting typical indexes from each cluster.The third screening with factor analysis showed that 7 out of the 17 indexes were remained.Seven representative indexes corresponding to these 7 factors were concluded and considered as the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the static balance.The comprehensive static balance evaluation index systems for 6-year-old.7-year-old and 8-year-old boys were established respectively.CONCLUSION:Three systems for evaluating the static balance function of the boys aged from 6 to 8 years are established successfully based on 7 indexes.The evaluation of static balance function should be based on the comprehensive evaluation of multiple indexes.The evaluation indexes for 6-year-old,7-year-old and 8-year-old boys are identical in number,but different in content.Accordingly,a specific evaluation index system should be established for them separately.

Germicidal Effects and Stability of Shu-Jin Iodine Disinfection Solution / 中华医院感染学杂志

4.0 to Candida albicans in the 150 mg/L of available iodine concentration for 1 min,or 300 mg/L of available iodine concentration for 0.5 min,respectively.After being stored at 37 ℃ for 90 days or exposured 6 h per-day in consecutive 6 days,the available iodine content of the stock solution and quality of the sample slightly changed.The germicidal logarithmic value was more than 1.00 to the forearm skin natural bacteria when smeared 1 time for 1 min.CONCLUSIONS The germicidal effects of Shu-Jin iodine disinfection solution is good and stable.