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Objective To analyze the failure patterns and related factors of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Xiangxi.Methods 107 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma without distant metastasis were selected from December 2012 to June 2015 in the first affiliated hospital of Jishou University.Locoreginal recurrence-fee survival rate (LRFS),distant metastasis-free survival rate (DMFS) and progression-free survival (FPS) rate were collected.The survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method,univariate analysis was analyzed by Logrank method,and multivariate analysis was analyzed by Cox regression.Results Tumor progression occurred in 40 cases of 107 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Among them,14 cases(13.1％) had local recurrence and 33 cases (30.8％) had distant metastasis.Univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in LRFS between different ages and T staging (P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference in DMFS and PFS between different gender,ages,diabete history,smoking history,T staging,N stage,clinical stage and treatment mode (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that age and T staging were independent prognostic factors for LRFS.Age,T staging and N staging were independent prognostic factors for DMFS.Age,diabetes,T staging,and N staging were independent prognostic factors for PFS (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Distant metastasis is still the main model of treatment failure of NPC.Age,T staging and N staging before treatment are the significant prognostic factors.
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Objective@#To analyze the failure patterns and related factors of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Xiangxi.@*Methods@#107 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma without distant metastasis were selected from December 2012 to June 2015 in the first affiliated hospital of Jishou University. Locoreginal recurrence-fee survival rate (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival rate (DMFS) and progression-free survival (FPS) rate were collected. The survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, univariate analysis was analyzed by Logrank method, and multivariate analysis was analyzed by Cox regression.@*Results@#Tumor progression occurred in 40 cases of 107 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Among them, 14 cases(13.1%) had local recurrence and 33 cases (30.8%) had distant metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in LRFS between different ages and T staging (P<0.05). There was significant difference in DMFS and PFS between different gender, ages, diabete history, smoking history, T staging, N stage, clinical stage and treatment mode (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age and T staging were independent prognostic factors for LRFS. Age, T staging and N staging were independent prognostic factors for DMFS. Age, diabetes, T staging, and N staging were independent prognostic factors for PFS (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Distant metastasis is still the main model of treatment failure of NPC. Age, T staging and N staging before treatment are the significant prognostic factors.
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The issue on the acupuncture clinical service mode has been early proposed by the scholars. The acupuncture clinical service mode is still existed as the department of acupuncture in TCM hospital nowadays. But this pattern has brought the inconvenience and issues between physicians and patients. In the study, through reviewing briefly the history of acupuncture hospital since the foundation of the People's Republic of China, the authors explained why taking the Hospital of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS) as the object. By integrating the relevant achievements of the scholars on the study of acupuncture hospital, the historical development of acupuncture-moxibustion hospital was reviewed. By comparing with the development mode of TCM hospital, the differences were generalized between the two hospitals in terms of the purpose of hospital establishment, the development mode of treatment, education and research, modernization mode, the relationship with western medicine and the hospital scale. It was analyzed by the authors that the development characteristics of acupuncture-moxibustion hospital were determined by the accidental and the inevitable factors. By the comprehensive analysis, the enlightenments to the future development of acupuncture-moxibustion hospital were explored.
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The definition ofpoint has not been unified yet till now. Likewise, the precise explanation on its connotation has always been an elusive question in acupuncture theory. By collecting diverse definitions onpoint in the textbooks of, dictionaries and term standards, several rational elements in definitions with consensus were screened. With the assistance of two important theories of cognitive linguistics, such as figure-ground theory and distance iconicity theory, the concept ofpoint was newly defined. Additiona-lly, on the base of the understanding on several similar terms such as "taking the painful site as acupoint", "responding point" and "reactive point", the semanteme analytic method was used to distinguish the difference among them so that the more profound explorations on acupuncture therapy are expounded.
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To explore the original connotation of acupoint concept, investigating specifically() and the excavated medical literature as well as the relevant works, the study was conducted in terms of the three aspects, i.e. the early titling and basic meaning of acupoint, the initial analysis on "" and the connotation of acupoint concept. It is believed that the relationship of acupoint with meridian tropism andas well as the application and indication reflect the acupoint specialty rather than its substantive characteristics. The substantive characteristics of acupoint should reflect the experienced specific site on the body surface in treatment, which are the foundation of acupoint regularity.
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The forming and development of traditional reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture was rooted in traditional culture of China, and was based on the ancients' special understanding of nature, life and diseases, therefore its principle and methods were inevitably influenced by philosophy culture and medicine concept at that time. With deep study onand representative reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture, the implied ideological concept, including contradiction view and profit-loss view in ancient dialectic,balance theory, concept of life flow, monophyletic theory of, theory of existence of disease-evil,-astrology theory, theory of inter-promotion of five elements, were summarized and analyzed. The clarified and systematic understanding on guiding ideology of reinforcing and reducing method of acupuncture could significantly promote the understanding on principle, method, content and manipulation.
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The relationship between acupuncture theory and clinical practice is getting problematic with the development of acupuncture clinical practice. In the paper, in view of the theoretic study itself, the reasons and the approaches to the recognition are explored. The characteristics of acupuncture therapeutic methods include the site for application and the technique method in generally. Their theoretical construction is relatively limited in the system category of acupuncture. The sites of acupuncture application are various, including vessels, the muscle regions of meridians, the intersection of skin and muscle, corresponding points and others. All of those lead to the variety of acupuncture in compliance with the acupuncture technique methods. The nearby action of acupoint is also the basic function of acupuncture stimulation, which is much related with the variety of acupuncture. Hence, it is believed that the full-dimensional recognition of acupoints and the relevant theories of meridians is the foundation to ensure their significance in clinical guidance and the theoretic supports in the innovative methods.
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The reinforcing and reducing technique based on the speed of needle insertion and withdrawal is the important acupuncture technique recorded in(). Regarding the speed of needle insertion and withdrawal, the timing of needle insertion and withdrawal is one of the key factors to judge the therapeutic effects. In the paper, the origin was studied on the two methods of waiting forrecorded in(), e.g. "waiting for respiratory" and "waiting forbeneath needle"; and its application progression and clinical significance were explained. Of them, the "waiting forbeneath needle" is mostly used to decide the timing of needle withdrawal and closely related to the therapeutic effects of reinforcing and reducing technique; and its application is fully developed in later generations. In(), it stresses the needle insertion after waiting forwith the assistant hand, lifting and thrusting manipulation is followed after arrival ofbeneath needle. This technique brings the impacts on the reinforcing and reducing technique of acupuncture in later generations.
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Through exploring the recognition and application of blood vessels in(), it is found that the recognition and concrete application of blood vessels have been developed comprehensively as compared with those records in). In general, the importance of blood vessels have been improved. For example, the close relationship between blood vessels and emotions and grouth have been emphasized, the body shape and mind been involved in the connotation of blood vessels, the blood vessels been of the top priority in the embryonic formation. In detail, the application of blood vessels has been more specific and flexible in tendency, in which, the vessels have been particularly mentioned in the tongue and eyes, as well as bleeding. All of those provide a certain reference to study the theoretic development of TCM, acupuncture and moxibustion in the periods of theandDynasties.
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There are the obvious differences in the framework and structure between the teaching materials of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Republic of China and the traditional works, in which, the importance to the techniques is very clear. ①Attaching the great importance to the manipulation elements of acupuncture-moxibustion techniques:explaining clearly the preparation and the storage of the device of acupuncture and moxibustion, as well as the manipulation procedures and methods. ②Attaching the great importance to the localization of acupoint and decreasing the consideration to the theory of meridians and collaterals. ③Connecting the principles of acupuncture and moxibustion with the operation procedures and emphasizing the scientific evidences. The changes mentioned above originate from the following profound social and historical factors. ①Influences from the western culture and advanced science and technology, in which, pursuit of scientific and practical value is the mainstream in the time of Republic of China. ②Attaching the great importance to the specific characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion and the training to the technical personnel, by which, the medical scholars of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Republic of China could enable the science of acupuncture and moxibustion to be survived and then developed in adverse situation. ③The scientific elaboration of the principle of acupuncture and moxibustion is a kind of academic adjustment on the influence of western learning.
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The accurate annotation of ashi points depends on the understanding of ashi. The main reasons for the divergence of current three viewpoints on the annotation of ashi are the literature basis and its different interpretations. By conducting a comprehensive collection of ancient and modern literature and analyzing different interpretation methods, the original meaning of ashi is studied, so as to explain the understanding of ashi points and ashi method.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , History , China , History, Ancient , Medicine in LiteratureABSTRACT
Xiaozhenjie (Miraculous Pivot Chapter 3: Annotation of Fine Needle) is the earliest annotation of Jiuzhen Shieryuan (Miraculous Pivot Chapter 1: Nine Needles and Twelve Yuan-Primary Acupoints). There are particularly 24 annotations of qi in the chapter. Based on the original literature, the styles of qi annotationsl were divided into three categories. By comparing with the original text, semantic features of qi annotations were reasoned. In reference to the understandings and notes of qi annotations given by the scholars of different dynasties, the origin of qi connotation in the ancient time was clarified so as to provide the historical evidence to the for-mation of this unique "qi language" and "qi worldview". It presents the instructive significance to understand and interpret "qi" for the scholars in the modern time.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , Books , History , China , History, Ancient , Medicine in Literature , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , History , Meridians , Qi , HistoryABSTRACT
was considered as the existing earliest monograph of TCM etiology and pathogenesis, and 6 volumes of total 50 volumes in this book involved pediatric diseases, which summarized the medical achievements of pediatrics beforeDynasty. Without detailed prescription, moxibustion was highly valued in this book and was applied for various types of pediatric emergency. With moxibustion for pediatric diseases inas starting point, three aspects, including caution about moxibustion, moxibustion at back-and moxibustion for febrile convulsion were discussed in this article.
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Objective:To investigate the influence of practolol oral liquid on the rat model of water load. Methods: Totally 70 qualified rats were selected and randomly divided into seven groups with 10 ones in each, and the rats were with intragastric administra-tion respectively by practolol oral liquid (20,10 and 5 ml·kg-1 , respectively diluted 20 ml, 10 ml and 5 ml to 20 ml liquid with dis-tilled water), furosemide tablets suspension (0. 033 5 mg·ml-1), Qiliqiangxin capsule suspension(0. 03 g·ml-1) and distilled wa-ter with the same voulme( model) . The rats were placed in metabolism cages. After the administration, the urine volume was recorded every 1 h for 5 hours, the total volume of urine was collected during the 5 h, and the concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl- in the urine was measured. Results:Compared with that in the blank group, the urine volume in 2 h, 3 h and 5 h after the administration in the model group was significantly increased(P0. 05), high-dose practolol oral liquid could significantly increase the Na+ concentration in the urine (P0. 05), however, the total urine volume could significantly increase(P<0. 01), and the medium and low-dose practolol oral liquid could significantly reduce the Na+ and Cl- con-centration in the urine(P<0. 01). Conclusion:Practolol oral liquid has significant diuretic effect in a dose-dependent manner.
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Through comparing two textbooksAcupuncture-Moxibustion Science(first edition)and A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the characterizes of the two books were analyzed. The former book is comprehensive and concise. Textbook writing is a process of continuous improvement. By combing textbook of acupuncture and moxibustion science, we summarizes the theoretical features,in order to provide a reference for feature textbooks compilation.
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In current theory, back-shu points are categorized into the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, resulting in difficulties in interpretation and ineffective guide for clinical acupuncture. The development of acupuncture theory indicates that the relationship between back-shu points and corresponding meridians is established by manifestation and root cause of meridian, and enriched in Qianjin Yifang (A Supplement to Recipes Worth a Thousand Gold), but it has been categorized into the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang since Waitai Miyao Fang (Arcane Essentials from the Imperial Library) and its influences remain so far. After analysis on this academic development and basis of understanding, it is believed that the problems of back-shu points and twelve meridians are presented with how toselect existing theories; it is proposed that the academic value of relationship between back sha points and twelve meridians should be explored and promoted to establish the theory form and structure relationship. As a result, the theory can be completed to guide the clinical treatment.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , History , Back , China , History, Ancient , Medicine in Literature , MeridiansABSTRACT
Acupoints have "nearby action"and "far action". Only some acupoints own "far action", which is special. The "nearby action", belong to every acupoint, is universal and basic. The research and explanation of "nearby action", however, have been too neglected for a long time. There is a certain relationship between the confusion of some acupuncture-moxibustion theory and the neglect. In this article, the differences between "nearby action" and "far action", the area, the theory and the relevance of "nearby action" are analyzed. It is believed that analyzing and thinking the "nearby action" deeply would improve the understanding of acupoints, meridians and acupuncture-moxibustion therapy.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , History , China , History, Ancient , Medicine in Literature , MeridiansABSTRACT
Objective:To optimize the extraction technique for practolol oral liquids. Methods:An orthogonal test was adopted in the study. The content transfer rate of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re, and the extraction rate were used as the indices, the com-prehensive scoring method was applied central to optimize the experimental data, and SPSS 17. 0 statistical software was employed to process the data. The extraction process was optimized. Results:The optimized technology was as follows:8-fold amount of 70% etha-nol, and extracting three times with 60min for each. Conclusion: The preferred process is scientific, reasonable, economical and practical, and suitable for the industrial production.
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OBJECTIVE@#To survey and promote the ability of military men to treat burns.@*METHODS@#A total of 2200 military men were recruited to survey and examine their acknowledge and technique to treat burns, and then acknowledge and technique were taught to treat burns through multimedia and demonstration. One year later, the same subjects were surveyed again.@*RESULTS@#Before the intervention, their ability was deficient (the mean score was 51). Their scores were significantly promoted after the intervention (the mean score was 75, P0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The ability of military men to treat burns needs to be improved for the potential hightech warfare.
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Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Burns , Therapeutics , China , Education, Medical , Military Medicine , Education , Military Personnel , Education , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To comprehensively understand the first aid skills for spinal cord injury of army members and improve their first aid skills through interventions.Methods A total of 2 200 troops members were selected within the army (Navy,Army and Air Forces).Intervention methods included questionnaire assessment,multimedia teaching and demonstration of first aid for spinal injuries.The total intervention time was 1 year,with once every four months.Results There distributed 2 200 copies of questionnaire before intervention and received 2 118 valid copies,with the total reclaim rate of 96.27％.A total of 2 118 copies of questionnaires were distributed after intervention and received 2 074 valid copies,with the total reclaim rate of 97.92％.Theoretical examination and skill test results of the army members were significantly improved after the intervention (all P ＜0.01).The general individual factors showed no effect on first aid of spinal cord injury before and after intervention.Before the intervention,the navy members had higher score than the land forces members and the air force members; however,no significant difference was found on the scores of different forces after the intervention.Conclusions The first aid skills for spinal cord injury of the army members has a big gap from the actual requirements.Improvement of first aid skills for spinal cord injury of the officers and soldiers can save the lives of themselves or comrades and hence is important in minimizing the combat attrition in future potential local high-tech wars.