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The finite element method(FEM)is a widely employed mathematical technique in mechanical research that divides an object into discrete and interacting finite elements. Medically, finite element analysis(FEA)enables the simulation of biomechanical experiments that are challenging to conduct. Orbital surgery poses significant challenges to ophthalmologists due to its inherent difficulty and steep learning curve. FEM enables the simulation and analysis of the mechanical properties of orbital tissue, offering a novel approach for diagnosing and treating orbital-related diseases. With technological advancements, FEM has significantly matured in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital diseases, becoming a popular area of research in orbital biomechanics. This paper reviewed the latest advancements in orbital FEM, encompassing the development of orbital FEA models, simulation of orbital structure, and its application in orbital-related diseases. Additionally, the limitations of FEM and future research directions are also discussed. As a digital tool for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment, orbital FEA will progressively unlock its potential for diagnosing and treating orbital diseases alongside technological advancements.
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Objective:To systematically analyze the efficacy of nasal endoscopic transsphenoidal decompression and glucocorticoid pulse therapy for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).Methods:PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrial.gov, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical and other databases were searched to retrieve clinical studies on endoscopic surgery and hormone therapy for TON since their establishment to November 1, 2020.Two researchers screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the included literatures.The improvement of visual acuity before and after treatment was taken as an effective indicator.RevMan 5.3 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.The sensitivity of the results was analyzed atfer literature exclusion.The publication bias of each study was double checked by funnel plot and Begg test.Results:Eight studies were included, including 7 cohort studies and 1 randomized controlled trial.There was no significant difference between the endoscopic decompression group and glucocorticoid group in the efficiency of visual acuity improvement in the treatment of TON [odds ratio ( OR)=1.65, 95% confidence interval ( CI)∶0.75-3.66, P=0.22], neither in TON patients with residual vision before surgery ( OR=2.17, 95% CI: 0.94-4.98, P=0.07). For nasal endoscopic decompression surgery, early surgery (disease course<7 days) was more effective than late surgery (disease course>7 days) ( OR=4.73, 95% CI: 2.55-8.78, P<0.01). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of this literature analysis were not robust.The Begg test showed that there was no literature publication bias. Conclusions:There is no significant difference between nasal endoscopic surgery and glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of TON.Early endoscopic surgery may help improve visual acuity in patients with residual vision.
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Phytochemical investigation on the ethanol extract of a well-known medicinal herb Leonurus japonicus, led to the separation of 18 labdane type diterpenoids (1-18). Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations, these compounds were structurally characterized as six new interesting 5,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones (1-6), two new (7 and 8) and six known (13-18) interesting 6,5,5-di-spirocyclic ones, a new rare 14,15-dinor derivative (9), and three new ones incorporating a γ-lactone unit (10-12). An in vitro neuroprotective assay in RSC96 cells revealed that compounds 7 and 12 exhibited neuroprotective activity in a concentration-dependent way, comparable to the reference drug N-acetylcysteine.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Leonurus/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Diterpenes/chemistry , Plant Components, Aerial , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
Traumatic optic neuropathy and glaucoma can cause optic nerve degenerative changes leading to a significant decline in vision, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.In recent years, research on mammalian optic nerve injury models has found that optic nerve injury involves pathophysiological processes such as apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress.Researchers have explored the relevant mechanisms and regulatory signaling pathways of optic nerve injury, and have conducted research on the protection of optic nerve injury in the fight against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis, new drug therapy, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation and natural extracts.Studies have shown that glucose regulatory protein 75, a member of the heat shock protein 70 family, and melatonin naturally secreted in the human retina may play an important role in the regulation of RGC apoptosis.Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) may play a protective role in RGC by directly activating the intrinsic G-CSF receptor and downstream signaling pathway.Targeting gene therapy is expected to become a powerful therapy for repair and regeneration of injured optic nerve.Adipose stem cell transplantation can resist the apoptosis of retinal cells in rat model.In addition, lycium barbarum polysaccharide can delay the secondary degeneration of axons, which may be a promising natural extract to delay the secondary degeneration of optic nerve injury.This article summarized the mechanism, regulation and protection of optic nerve injury.
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Orbital tumors not only damage the appearance of patients, but also damage the visual function, even endanger the life of patients.Orbital tumors can be divided into epidermal ectoderm, neuroectoderm, mesoderm, lymphopoietic system and metastatic tumors according to their origin.Due to the complex structure of orbital tissue, abundant nerve vessels and close connection with visual organs, it is more difficult and risky to treat orbital tumors than other regional tumors.Classic treatments for tumors include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.Surgery is the main treatment for most orbital tumors.Due to the improvement of technology and equipment, it has been developed in the direction of minimally invasive surgery.For advanced tumors or lymphoid hematopoietic system tumors with extensive invasion, chemotherapy is the main treatment.Due to the improvement of drug delivery methods and protocols, it is developing towards high efficiency and less side effects.Radiotherapy is mostly used for refractory tumors that are difficult to be completely removed by surgery and easy to relapse.Due to the continuous improvement of radiotherapy technology, safe and accurate treatment has been achieved.In addition to the classical treatment methods, targeted treatment of carcinogenic sites at the molecular level has become a hot topic in the treatment of orbital tumors.This paper reviews the current development of orbital tumors in surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy.
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Laparoscopic curative gastrectomy has been widely adopted because it is minimal invasiveness.The efficacy of laparoscopic gastrectomy is comparable to that of open gastrectomy for patients with early or advanced gastric cancer,but few studies of laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy for patients with advanced gastric cancer have been reported.Seven patients with advanced gastric cancer received laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy at the First Hospital of Jilin University from September 2010 to September 2011.The mean operation time,blood loss,postoperative hospital stay and the nunber of lymph nodes resected were (218 ± 24) minutes,(366 ± 174) ml,( 14.6 ± 2.8 ) days and 32 ± 15,respectively.Two patients were complicated by pancreatic juice leakage and were cured with drainage. No anastomotic leakage,abdominal bleeding or mortality was observed. With the development of techniques and equipments,laparoscopic total gastrectony combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy is safe and feasible in selected patients.
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Objective To investigate the expression of hMLH_1 in gastric cancer and its significance,Methods The expressions of hMLH_1 protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in 68 cases of gastric cancer tissues,33 cases of para-cancer tissues and(35 cases) of normal gastric tissues.Apoptosis was assayed by terminal deoxytransferase mediated dUTP nicked labeling.Results The positive expression rates of hMLH_1 mRNA were 63.3%(43/68),100%(33/33) and 100%(35/35),and those of protein were 61.8%(42/68),93.9%(31/33),100%(35/35),respectively,in gastric cancer tissues,para-cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues.There was a correlation between the expression of hMLH_1 and clinical grade of gastric cancer(r=0.531,P