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Primary nephrotic syndrome( PNS) is a common kidney disease in children. Glucocorticoste-roid( GC) is recognized as the first-line drug,and most children are sensitive to it. However,the problems of fre-quent relapses and steroid-dependence still have not been solved. In recent years,a number of randomized con-trolled studies have been conducted on the dosage of GC medications,the efficacy and safety of immunosuppres-sive agents,some of which try to figure out how to effectively reduce relapse and the rate of hormone-depend-ence. This review summarizes the progress in the treatment of steroid-sensitive,steroid-dependent,and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome.
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Objective · To investigate the regulatory effects of inflammatory signaling pathway on the expression of G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A (GPRC5A).Methods· Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-driven luciferase mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the activation of NF-κB in lungs.GPRC5A expression in lungs was assessed by Western blotting in the C57BL/6J mice injected with LPS.In vitro tests,human lung tumor cell lines Calu-1 and H322,and human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T were administered with tumor nccrosis factor α (TNF-α) or transfected with p65 expression plasmid;Western blotting,RT-PCR,luciferase reporter gene experiment and immunofluorescence assay were used to analyze the effect of inflammation on GPRC5A expression.Results · Intraperitoneal injection of LPS induced activation of NF-κB pathway in lung tissues,which suppressed the expression of GPRC5A in mice lungs.In Calu-1 cells,TNF-α treatment greatly suppressed the expression of GPRC5A protein and mRNA.In HEK293T cells,transfection of p65 subunit of NF-κB suppressed the expression of GPRC5A promoter-driven luciferase reporter.The H322 cells transfected with green fluorescent protein-p65 almost did not express GPRC5A.Conclusion · NF-κB pathway acts at the promoter of GPRC5A and suppresses its mRNA and protein expression.
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Objective To investigate the clinical, pathological features and risk factors of hyperuricemia in children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods A retrospective study of 269 primary IgAN children diagnosed between January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2017 at the Children Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, was performed in the hyperuricemia group (uric acid>350 μmol/L) and the normal uric acid group. The clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed, and the risk factors of hyperuricemia were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results There were 185 males and 84 females in the 269 IgAN children with age of (9.2 ± 3.1) years old, among whom there were 70 patients (26.0％) accompanied by hyperuricemia. Clinical indicators such as hypertension, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, blood lipids, urinary protein in hyperuricemia group were higher than those in normal uric acid group (all P<0.05), while estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum total protein and albumin were less (all P<0.05). There were 58 patients (23.0％) and 12 patients (70.5％) associated with hyperuricemia among IgAN children with CKD 1-2 and CKD 3-5. The proportion of hyperuricemia in CKD stage 3-5 IgAN children was statistically higher than that in normal uric acid group (P<0.01). The hyperuricemia group had a higher proportion of Lee IV and V grade, and a lower proportion of the Lee III grade than the normal uric acid group (all P<0.05). According to the Oxford pathological classification score, there was no significant difference in total scores of renal lesions, glomerular score, and tubulointerstitial score between the two groups (all P>0.05). According to the Katafuchi semi-quantitative score, there was no significant difference in the total scores of renal lesions, glomeruli, and tubulointerstitial scores (all P>0.05), while the hyperuricemia group had higher renal vascular scores than the normal uric acid group (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (OR=12.596, 95％CI 1.778-89.243, P=0.011), higher total cholesterol (OR=1.192, 95％CI 1.064-1.336, P=0.002), higher urea nitrogen (OR=1.273, 95％CI 1.104-1.468, P=0.001), proteinuria 3+(OR=1.875, 95％CI 1.309-2.684, P=0.001), proteinuria 4+(OR=1.627, 95％CI 1.241-2.134, P<0.001) and CKD stage 3 (OR=3.355, 95％CI 1.376-8.181, P=0.008) were the risk factors of hyperuricemia in children with IgAN. Conclusions Twenty-six percent IgAN children patients are accompanied by hyperuricemia, and their clinical parameters and pathological changes are more severe than those in normal uric acid group. Hypertension, higher total cholesterol, higher urea nitrogen, proteinuria 3+/4+and CKD stage 3 are the risk factors of hyperuricemia in children with IgAN.
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Compared to normal counterparts,cancer cells exhibit metabolic changes owing to both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Some abnormal alterations happen in tumor cells including glycolysis,mito-chondrial biogenesis,glutaminolysis and lipid synthesis. These metabolic changes have great significance to development of tumor and clinical targeted therapies.
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Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two high-mortality diseases in the world.Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that presence of COPD increases the risk of lung cancer.Habitual cigarette smoking frequently develops lung cancer as well as COPD,However the links between the two diseases should be more than smoking alone.The underlying mechanisms may include genetic predisposition,inflammation and cell injury,oxidative and noxious stress,extracellular matrix and proteinases,some of which might represent the targets for chemoprevention or chemotherapy.
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Chronic inflammation is proved to play an important role in promoting carcinogenesis.Many factors in inflammatory microenvironment,such as inflammatory immune cells,pro-inflammatory cytokines,inflammatory mediators,and aberrantly activated transcription factors of pro-inflammatory pathway (NF-κB,STAT3),have been found to provide a microenvironment for lung neoplastic processes,and promote the lung carcinogenesis.On the other hand,many anti-inflammatory agents have been shown having inhibitory effects on lung tumorigenicity.With further understanding of the molecular links between inflammation and lung tumorigenesis,anti-inflammation would provide alternative strategies for prevention and therapy of lung cancer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study cellular and humoral immune status on prophase of severe hepatitis B (PSHB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>56 cases of PSHB patients, 40 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 20 cases of healthy volunteers were enrolled for detection of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD3-/CD19+ (B cells) lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Serum IgG and complement C3 was detected by immunoturbidimetry and analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with CHB group and healthy control group, percentage of lymphocyte subsets CD8+ were significantly lower in PSHB group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). While the percentage of lymphocyte subsets CD4+ and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in PSHB group was obviously higher than those in CHB group (P < 0.+01 or P < 0.05). In addition, There was no significant difference on the percentage of B cell and level of serum IgG between PSHB group and CHB group (P > 0.05, while the level of serum complement C3 in PSHB group were significantly lower than those in CHB group and healthy control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PSHB has a certain degree of cellular immune dysfunction, which characterized by cellular immune function hyperfunction and humoral immune suppression.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Viral , Allergy and Immunology , Complement C3 , Allergy and Immunology , Flow Cytometry , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Allergy and Immunology , Lymphocyte Count , T-Lymphocyte Subsets , Cell Biology , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the characteristics of immunocompetent cells in peripheral blood on prophase of severe hepatitis B (PSHB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>48 cases of PSHB patients, 35 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 20 cases of healthy volunteers were enrolled for detection of CD3+, CD3+/ CD4+, CD3+/CD8+ and CD4+/CD25+/CD45+ lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. The absolute numbers of each lymphocyte subset were calculated and analyzed statistically. Results Compared with CHB group and healthy control group, The absolute numbers of circulating CD3+, CD8+ T cells and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were significantly lower in PSHB group( P < 0. 01 or P < 0.05). There was no significant difference on the absolute numbers of circulating CD4+ T cells between PSHB group and CHB group (P > 9.05), while the percentage of lymphocyte subsets CD4+ in PSHB group was significantly higher than that in CHB group (P < 0.05). In addition, CD4+/CD8+ ratio in PSHB were significantly higher than those in the CHB group and healthy control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PSHB has a certain degree of cellular immune dysfunction, which characterized by CD4+ T cells dominated and the decline of absolute numbers of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ CD25+ Tregs.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , CD4-CD8 Ratio , Case-Control Studies , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Allergy and Immunology , Lymphocyte Count , T-Lymphocyte Subsets , Cell Biology , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Results of the establishment and application of anti-interferon antibody column are reported. Antiserum against human lymphoblastoid interferon (HuLyIFN) was obtained by immunizing sheep with partially purified Namalva interferon. After they were isolated from antiserum, the immunoglobulins against HuLylFN were adsorbed repeatedly on the "mock interferon"column and trypsin inhibitor column. Anti-interferon anti-body column was established by coupling the adsorbed anti-interferon antibody to Sepharose 4B. Crude Namalva interferon was purified by antibody affinity chro-matography in one step to a specific activity of 8?108 to 8?107units/mg protein with the recovery of over 100%. Peak of purified interferon activity in elution was seen mostly in fractions 1-3(3-8ml). Similar results were obtained in purification of human leukocyte interferon(HuLeIFN)by this column.The polyclonal antibody column purified recombined leukocyte interferon-?D (LrIFN-?D) to homogeneity as analyzed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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This report presents the study of determination of DNA in different Namalva IFN preparation by a microassay method using ethidium bromide. The results show that the purified IFN,by antibody affinity chromatography, contains no DNA, which indicates this purified IFN can be used clinically as a safe drug.