ABSTRACT
The hypoglossal nerve palsy receives only brief mention in most textbooks and compared with other cranial nerve palsies, 12th nerve palsy is much less common. A literature review revealed that in most cases, isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy indicates the presence of an intracranial or extracranial space occupying lesion, head and neck injury, vascular abnormality, infection, autoimmune disease or neuropathy. Reports of idiopathic cases are rare and treated with steroid therapy. We report a 38-year-old woman with isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy improved spontaneously without steroid use. Considering our experience with isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy, we believe that no therapy is required in the patients with hypoglossal nerve palsy of probably idiopathic causes.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Autoimmune Diseases , Cranial Nerve Diseases , Head , Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases , Hypoglossal Nerve , Neck Injuries , ParalysisABSTRACT
Mutations of the transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in cystic fibrosis lead to dysfunction of the lung, pancreas, and sweat glands, etc. To investigate the possibility of the relationship between lung cancer and the mutations of CFTR gene, we determined amino acid sequences using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DNA sequencing. In this study, the deletion mutation of 508th amino acid in one of nine lung caner patients was found confirming that CFTR gene mutation exists in a Korean lung cancer patient.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics , Korea , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Middle Aged , Sequence DeletionABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The incidence of salivary gland tumor is approximately 2% among all head and neck tumors, of which malignant cases account for only about 5%. Much research has been performed in order to clarify the mechanism of oncogene activation, however salivary gland tumors remain understudied. We performed this study in order to characterize the ras gene in these tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We treated white rats with 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and confirmed the occurrence of salivary gland tumors after ten to thirty weeks. Isolated genomic DNAs from tumor tissues were added to NIH 3T3 cells. In order to detect Ha-ras mutations, we performed a two-step PCR-RFLP and 7analyzed the mutated sequences. RESULTS: We induced salivary gland tumors by DMBA treatment in white rats. Isolated DNAs from the tumor tissues transformed the NIH 3T3 cells. Point mutations were observed in codons 12 and 61 of the Ha-ras oncogene. The total frequency of point mutations was 13.9% in DMBA-induced salivary gland tumors in rats. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that a variety of cancers ras oncogene mutations were also found in salivary gland tumors. We confirmed that a point mutation of the Ha-ras oncogene in a DMBA-induced salivary gland tumor occurs at a frequency of 13.9%.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Codon , DNA , Genes, ras , Head , Incidence , Neck , NIH 3T3 Cells , Oncogenes , Point Mutation , Salivary GlandsABSTRACT
A new type of human calicivirus (HuCV) showing the classic cup-shaped surface morphology was identified in the stool sample from a child with symptoms of acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea (SK virus). Genomic RNA was extracted directly from the stool sample, and the nucleotide sequence of 3.2 kb of the 3' end of SK virus was determined from cDNA. This region spanned sequences from the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) region in the open reading frame 1 (ORF1) to the 3' poly A tail. The non-structural and capsid protein coding sequences were fused in a single ORF as observed in Manchester type (Genogroup III). However, ORF2 of Manchester virus was missing in SK virus. In RDRP region, SK virus showed amino acid and nucleotide identities of 74-75% and 68-69% respectively, with those of Manchester virus, while showed 34-46% and 55-60% identities respectively with those of other human caliciviruses. However, capsid protein of SK virus showed a partial (29-46%) amino acid identity with those of other caliciviruses including Manchester type. The closest resemblance in amino acid (97-99%) and nucleotide sequence (85-86%) identities were found in RDRP region with Vanderbijlpark and Pretoria isolates recently found in South Africa. These results suggest that SK virus together with Vanderbijlpark and Pretoria isolates belong to a new type different from Manchester virus.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Caliciviridae/ultrastructure , Caliciviridae/isolation & purification , Caliciviridae/genetics , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Complementary/genetics , DNA, Complementary/chemistry , Feces/virology , Genome, Viral , Genotype , Korea , Microscopy, Electron , Molecular Sequence Data , Open Reading Frames , RNA, Viral/isolation & purification , RNA, Viral/genetics , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology, Amino AcidABSTRACT
Cellular transforming genes have been identified in a number of different tumor cell lines and tumor types. A significant number of these oncogenes belong to the ras gene family. The ras gene family consists of three closely related genes:H-ras, K-ras and N-ras which code for a related 21 kDa protein. Mutations in codon 12, 13 and 61 of one of the three ras genes convert these genes into acute oncogenes. The presence of H-ras gene mutaions has important prognostic implication in various tumors. Each genomic DNA was isolated from tumors induced by implantation with DMBA, or by treatment with DMBA-implantation/irradiation. When genome DNA was transfected into NIH 3T3 cells and investigated by two-step PCR-RFLP, the following results were concluded : 1. Transformation foci developed in two groups when the genome DNA of two experimental groups were transfected into NIH 3T3 cells. 2. Transformation efficiency was 0.01-0.02 foci/ DNA in the experimental group with the DMBA-implantation, 0.01-0.03 foci/ DNA in the experimental group with the DMBA-implantation/irradiation according to results of trasfection assay. 3. When the point mutation of H-ras gene was investigated by a two-step PCR-RFLP, there was 13.9%(5/36) in the experimental group with the DMBA implantation, 15.4%(6/39) in the experimental group with the DMBA-implantation/irradiation. 4. The point mutation in codon 12 and 61 of H-ras was 5.6%(2/36) and 8.3%(3/36) in the experimental group with the DMBA implantation. 5. The point mutation in codon 12 and 61 of H-ras gene was 7.7%(3/39) in the experimental group with the DMBA-implantation/irradiation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Cell Line, Tumor , Codon , DNA , Genes, ras , Genome , NIH 3T3 Cells , Oncogenes , Point Mutation , Salivary GlandsABSTRACT
An antisense approach was attempted to investigate the role of antisense GLUT1 RNA in suppressing tumor cell phenotypes using N-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. The established cell line transformed by ras showed typical biological characteristics of cancer cells, such as increased glucose transport, GLUT1 mRNA contents, and the ability to form colonies on the soft agar. In this system, the plasmids (pMAM-GLUT1(rev)) which can transcribe the antisense GLUT1 RNA were transfected and the accompanying changes in the phenotypes of the ras-transformed cells were observed. The expression of antisense GLUT1 RNA by induction with dexamethasone reduced the glucose transport by 30% (1.97 +/- 0.13 nmoles) after 4 min incubation when compared to the non-induction group of transformed cell (2.85 +/- 0.19 nmoles). Also, the number of colonies sized over 50 microns on the soft agar was reduced significantly in the antisense RNA expressing group compared to non-induction group. These results suggest that the expression of antisense GLUT1 RNA reduced the glucose transport and transforming potential in soft agar possibly by hybridization with GLUT1 mRNA in N-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells.