ABSTRACT
Aims: To evaluate the anticandidal activity of some solvent extracts of Securinega virosa and Anogeissus leiocarpa from northern Côte d'Ivoire. Study Design: In vitro assay of antifungal activity. Place and Duration of Study: Biochemical Pharmacodynamy Laboratory, Biosciences Department, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny and Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory University Hospital of Treichville, Côte d’Ivoire between January and December 2013. Methods: The herbs studied were examined for diameter of inhibition zone using agar well diffusion method; minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) using microdilution method. Results: All tested plants extracts, except the aqueous extracts, showed varying zones of inhibition against fungi tested. The diameters of inhibition zones for all organic extracts are greater than 10 mm for a sample concentration of 500 mg/ml and were significantly higher than for nystatine (p <0.05; p <0.01). The ethanol extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa revealed the strongest anticandidal activity against all tested strains with MICs ranging from 0.195 to 12.5 mg/ml, and MFCs from 0.390 to 50 mg/ml. The phytochemical screening of extracts shows the presence of polyterpenes and sterols, polyphenols, flavonoids, catechin tannins and alkaloids. Conclusion: S. virosa and A. leiocarpa possesse compounds with good anticandidal properties. This results support their traditional use in treatment of infectious diseases caused by certain Candida species.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: our work consisted in studying the antioxidant activity of the dichloromethane-ethanol total extract (Baker) milne-redh., a Rubiaceae with antihypertensive activity. Methodology: The antioxidant activity was determined in vitro by the test of 2,2'-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the test of inhibition of lipid peroxidation by TBARS method and in vivo by determining activities of SOD, CAT and the concentration of NO in the organs of rats made hypertensive by adrenalin (ADR). In vivo, Rats were divided into 7 lots of 5 rats each. The control lot received daily orally distilled water for 14 days. The other lots received adrenalin (ADR) at dose of 1 mL/kg by intraperitoneal injection for 8 days. After installation of hypertension, lot MNT (Lot sick untreated or positive control) has not undergone any treatment. Rats of lots ETDE 500 and ETDE 1500, received orally ETDE at doses of 500 and 1500 mg/kg bw for 6 days. Rats of lots TEN (tenordate) 10 and TEN 20 received orally the tenordate at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg pc for 6 days. After the 6 days of treatment, the rats are decapitated and their hearts, kidneys, livers andaortas were collected for the determination of oxidative stress parameters. Results: Our results showed that ETDE, in vitro, reduces greatly the DPPH with a IC50 of 21.45±1.53% and inhibits 49.66±3.83% of lipid peroxidation. In vivo, ETDE reduced significantly and normalizes the activity of SOD, CAT and normalizes the concentration of NO of rats made hypertensive. Conclusion: ETDE by its antioxidant action on free radicals may be beneficial in the treatment of high blood pressure.
ABSTRACT
The characterization of Borassus aethiopum starch showed that the crude protein (0.18 %), total lipid (0.21 %), ash (0.09 %) and the moisture (1 %) were typical of most starches The amylose content (26.31 %) falls within the apparent amylose range 17-30 %). The granular structure of Borassus aethiopum young growths starch showed significant variations in size and shape. Most of the granules are oval, although spherical, round, elliptical. The starch exhibited swelling power and solubility behaviors which were dependent on temperature. The maximum solubility and swelling power were obtained at highest temperature of 95 °C. The syneresis of starch paste was 78.58 % the first day and increased to 83.14 % at the 28 th day while the clarity decreased from 56.53 to 25.07 % during the same period. The optimum pH of enzymatic hydrolysis of Borassus aethiopum starch by the digestive juice of snail Archachatina ventricosa was pH 5 while the optimum temperature was 45 °C. The influence of gelatinization time on the enzymatic hydrolysis of gelatinized starch showed that the hydrolysis extent increases with the time of gelatinization up to 4 minutes then it does not vary enough whereas the duration of gelatinization is prolonged. The hydrolysis extent of gelatinized starch by the digestive juice of snail Archachatina ventricosa was 70.6 % after 2 hours of incubation.
ABSTRACT
Among the HIV / AIDS infected, individuals contract fungal infections of which many die as a direct consequence of these infections. In this study, the antifungal activity of ten extracts (stem bark) from Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier was evaluated on the in vitro growth of clinical isolate of pathogenic fungi (Cryptococcus neoformans). Agar double dilution method in slope tubes was adopted to determine anticryptococcal activity. All extracts exhibited antifungal activity in dose-response relationship. The residue extracts T4-2 obtained after degreasing the hydro-alcoholic extract T0 (MFC = 24.37μg/Ml; IC50 = 5.87μg/mL) is the most active extract. Moreover, for a given concentration it is said that there are not significant differences between the different tests for each extract (P< 0.05). Therefore, using the hydro-alcoholic solvent (70% ethanol) followed by removal of oil is the best way to obtain an optimally concentrated active ingredient from Terminalia mantaly. The present study justifies the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of fungal infections.
ABSTRACT
The present study focused to investigate the detection and characterization of phytomolecules relaxing smooth muscle of dichloromethane-ethanolic extract of Morinda morindoides using in vitro model. Local rabbit of both sexes weighting between 1500 and 2000 g were used. The effect of the extract on contraction of isolated rabbit ileum and the response of the tissue was investigated. The extract at dose of 49×10-3; 190×10-3; 290×10-3; 390×10-3 mg/ml, attenuated significantly (p< 0,05) spontaneous contractions of the isolated rabbit ileum in a dose-dependant manner. The effective dose for 50% of activity was 193±1,5×10-3 . Tonic contractions initiated by acetylcholine were inhibited by the extract like atropine. The extract also attenuated the spontaneous contractions of the intestine in presence of propanolol. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of sterols and terpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. This study provided the active compounds with relaxant activity of the extract would be cholinomimetic substances, and may possibly explain the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorder.