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Bauhinia foveolata Dalzell is an endemic tree, native to Southwest India (the Western Ghats). 13-Docosenamide wasisolated from ethyl acetate fraction, and quercetin (1), isorhamnetin (2), and odoratin-7-glucoside (3) were isolatedfrom butanol fraction of leaves. A spectroscopic analysis, including mass spectra and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR), and also comparison with reported data were used to elucidate the chemical structures of isolated compounds.Furthermore, all the isolated compounds were analyzed for 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide -based cytotoxicity studies on human colon cancer cell lines, HT-29 and HCT-15; among all the testedcompounds, quercetin and odoratin-7-glucoside have shown a good cytotoxicity toward the selected cell lines.
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Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem. It is a major cause for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. HCV infection is recognized now days as a disease of global importance. It is considered a major health and economic burden in adults as well as children in both developing and developed countries. Objectives: To study the Clinical presentation, biochemical profile and risk factor of chronic hepatitis C virus infected patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Medicine at STH, Haldwani, from August 2016 to July 2018.During these study period 110 patients with Chronic HCV infection were analyzed. Results: Out of 110 patients 60 (54.54%) were male and 50(45.45%) were female. Injection drug use (IDU) was the most common risk factor of HCV infection (20.90%). The abdominal discomfort symptoms seen in majority of patients (70%) followed by a fatigue (62.72%).and fever (60.90%). Males exhibiting more symptoms in comparison to females. Conclusion: Viral hepatitis is an important heath care problem in India as it occurs epidemically and sporadically. The variability in nature of the disease regarding its onset, presenting symptoms, clinical course and development of complications are important aspects. So, it is very essential for health care professionals to be aware of all aspects of it so that it is detected and treated early.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major global health problem reaching epidemic proportions. Along with the developed nations, underdeveloped and developing countries are now facing this burden. Keeping this in mind various emerging risk factors in patients with documented evidence of acute myocardial infarction attending a tertiary care hospital in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand were studied.Methods: This study is a prospective study done in the department of Medicine, Sushila Tiwari Government Hospital, Haldwani over a period of 2 years. Patients were enrolled from the Medical Emergency/ OPD who had documented evidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Informed consent was taken from each study subject.Results: The mean age was 54.27 years (SD- 13.062). Among the risk factors, high triglyceride is significantly higher in younger patients as compare to older patients. Lipid profile distribution when they compare to any addiction, it has been found in the study that LDL is significantly higher in those who were having any addiction. Hypertension was significantly higher in patients who smoke (p=0.04). The major contributing risk factor was any addiction (smoking, alcohol, tobacco consumption in any form) followed by dyslipidemia.Conclusions: The challenge is to develop appropriate strategies to prevent coronary artery diseases and promote healthy lifestyles.
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ackground: HBV is one of the main causes of end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic or inapparent infection to acute liver failure. Chronic liver disease with cirrhosis and hepato-cellular carcinoma are the other spectrum of the disease. Method: All the patients diagnosed with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag Positive) presenting with or without symptoms and signs of hepatitis B infection were included in study. Result: The age of the patients varied from 15-75 years. 60% patients are male, majority (55.5%) are married, 40% are secondary educated, 47% are labour class, 69% of patients having unknown sources of infection. Majority of patients were presented with symptoms and only 27% were asymotomatic on presentation. Major symptom were abdominal discomfort, fever and fatigue. 65% patients having icterus, 55.5% hepatomegaly and 35% patients having no any clinical signs. Serum bilirubin and alanine transaminase (ALT) level were significantly higher in symptomatic patients (60%). 13% patients shows portal hypertention and 22% shows ascites on ultrasonography. Conclussion: The majority (65.45%) of patients were in younger age group 15-45 years, majority are male(60%), married (55.5%), labour class (47.3%) .The risk factor as related to HBsAg positivity was because of unknown source 76 (69.09%) cases followed by history of previous surgery 14 (12.7%) cases
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Background:World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 0.3 million people die every year due to various poisoning agents. Poisoning is the fourth common cause of mortality in India. Acute poisoning accounts for 2-3% of all admissions to hospital in India. In India, as agriculture is the main occupation, insecticides and other agrochemical fertilizers are used to a greater extent and the poisoning with such products are more common. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Medicine at Government Medical College and associated hospital Haldwani .172 patients who had taken some type of poison, who were more than 12 years of age included. A detailed clinical history and physical examination was performed and recorded on the predesigned proforma. All data were analyzed, documented and interpreted as per the standard laid down protocol.Results: Majority of patients lies were of organophosphate (42.4%) followed by rat killer poison (15.7%) , mosquito repellant (12.2%) , celphos (11.0%) and the least in drug overdose (0.6%). Majority patients survived (84.9%) followed by (15.1%) who expired. Conclusion: Organophosphorous poisoning is one of the most common poisoning in this region of Uttarakhand, predominantly in the young population with a male predominance, belonging to low socioeconomic class. The commonest motive of poisoning was suicidal.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease is rising day by day due to having high fat diet and due to genetic alterations. Materials & Methods: Study included 70 CVD patients and their peripheral blood samples were collected for genotyping by venipuncture under aseptic condition in EDTA vials (2ml) as well as in serum vials (3ml) for biochemical parameters. Genomic DNA extraction was done by phenol chloroform method from blood samples collected in EDTA vials from cases as well as controls for genotype study. Results: The difference of genotype between cases and controls was found to be significant (p=0.0003). Study observed that high percentage of GA 29 (41.4%) and AA 8 (11.4%) genotype was found in patients compared to controls GA 10 (20%) and AA 0 (0%) while lower GG 33 (47.2%) genotype in patients compared to control GG 40 (80%) genotype. Compared to the GG genotype, the OR 3.51 (1.49-8.25) and 20.55 (1.14-369.6) for the heterozygous GA and homozygous AA genotypes were estimated, suggesting a possible dominant effect of Apo B polymorphism on CVD risk. In smokers, compared to the GG genotype, the OR 2.19 (0.69-6.88) and 1.71 (0.29-9.87) for the heterozygous GA and homozygous AA genotypes. In alcoholism, compared to the GG genotype, the OR 2.66 (0.93-7.57) and 8.4 (0.92-76.19) for the heterozygous GA and homozygous AA genotypes. Patients with mutant homozygous AA, heterozygous GA genotypes showed 123.3+14.34 (mg/dl) and 76.92+24.09 Apo B level in CVD patients compared to wild type GG homozygous genotypes were 70.82+17.12. Conclusion: It was observed that Apo B gene polymorphism and smoking behaviour found to be associated with increased risk of CVD in Indian population.
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Background: A thorough understanding of the Rheumatic Heart disease is important to aid in the management of patients with RHD. We hereby thus study various presentations, distributions, clinical profile of various types of valvular involvement in patients with RHD, complications of RHD such as heart failure, arrhythmias, chamber dilation, thromboembolic manifestation, pulmonary hypertension etc. Methods: Total 100 patients of age more than 12 years with Rheumatic heart disease attending medicine and cardiology department were enrolled and studied for demographic details, clinical presentation and complications. Results: Most common age of presentation of valvular heart disease was 21-30 years (41%) with females (57%) preponderance. Mitral valve involvement was the most common (72%), while tricuspid & pulmonary valve involvements were rare. Mitral stenosis 33%) was the most common valvular lesion followed by mitral stenosis with mitral regurgitation. Conclusion: Each valvular lesion in Rheumatic heart disease presented with varied demographic characteristics with peculiar clinical presentation and complication rate.
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Background: Scrub typhus is caused by Orentia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi. It is an infectious disease of variable severity .Scrub typhus has a wide geographical distribution. Scrub typhus is grossly under diagnosed in India due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, limited awareness and low index of suspicion. Methods: This study was a cross sectional observational study conducted in Department of Medicine Government Medical College, Haldwani .The duration of this study was two years i.e. from November 2013 to October 2015 and 103 patients included in study. Results: 36 patients were found to be scrub typhus positive. It was commonly seen in males in the age group of 20-30 years. Besides fever, cough, myalgia and headache were the common presenting symptoms. Scrub typhus was seen most commonly in farm worker in our study. Most common complication was hepatitis followed by multiorgan dysfunction. In our study, out of 36 positive patients, 5 (13.8%) patients died and 31 patients ultimately recovered completely without any complication whatsoever. Conclusion: Scrub typhus is not a uncommon disease in India more so in hilly areas. So high index of suspicion should be there while dealing a patient of fever in these regions.
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Background: Acute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition in which rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate over an hour to days. It is an important clinical condition and common cause of mortality in hospitalized patients. Aims: To analyze the aetiological spectrum and outcome of ARF in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand and to compare data with that of other parts of country. Settings and Design: Hospital based observational analytic study. Methods: This study was conducted on patients admitted to Government Medical College & associated Dr. Susheela Tiwari Memorial Hospital Haldwani from November 2011 to October 2012 with ARF irrespective of the cause. ARF was defined according to AKIN criteria. Statistical analysis used: Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS V.20.0 (Windows). All data was summarized and expressed as mean ± SD or as percentages as appropriate. The chi square test was used to analyze categorical variables while the student T-test used to analyze normally distributed data. Statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05. Results: Out of 100 patients, 77% had community acquired ARF and 23% had hospital acquired ARF. Medical causes were leading contributors (68%), while surgical causes in 20% and obstetrical causes in 12% of patients. 36% patients required hemodialysis. The overall mortality was 21%, and highest mortality was found in celphos poisoning group (100%). Conclusion: ARF is still common in the community and is associated with high mortality. Aetiologies like acute gastroenteritis, septicaemia, snakebite and malaria were the leading cause of ARF in our study.
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The study was planned to see the effect of regular physical exercise on levels of lipid profile, activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in those involved in regular physical exercise (among athlete in circus) and those involved in sedentary lifestyle. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out during September 2012 to December 2012 in the department of biochemistry, BIMS, Belgaum. Methodology: A total of 70 participants were studied, aged 25-55 years. Group I consists of 35 participants working as circus athletes, involved in regular physical exercise. Group II consisted of 35 age and sex matched healthy controls, with sedentary life style. Total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were measured by CHOD-PAP method. Triglyceride was measured by GPO-PAP method. LDL and VLDL were calculated by formula. MDA was determined as the measure of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). SOD Catalase and GPX activity was determined by the method of Mishra and Fridovich, Beer and Seazer and Paglia and Valentine respectively. Results: The levels of lipid peroxide, TC, TC / HDL and LDL / HDL ratio were significantly lowered in Group I on comparison with Group II. The levels of HDL, activity of SOD, GPX and catalase were significantly higher in Group I on comparison with Group II. Individuals engaged in regular physical activity had lowered levels of atherogenic lipid components and subjects with sedentary lifestyles had higher atherogenic lipid components (lipid profile and lipid peroxide). Conclusion: The study indicates that engaging in regular physical exercise protects cardiovascular diseases by increasing the HDL Cholesterol levels, activity of LCAT enzyme and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Thus regular physical exercise is an important in the protection of atherosclerosis and management cardiovascular disease.
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Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate anticonvulsant effect of the ethanolic extract of the roots of Carissa carandas (ERCC) on electrically and chemically induced seizures. Methods: The ethanolic extract of the roots of C. carandas (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p.) was studied for its anticonvulsant effect on maximal electroshock-induced seizures and pentylenetetrazole-, picrotoxin-, bicuculline- and N-methyl-dl-aspartic acid-induced seizures in mice. The latency of tonic convulsions and the number of animals protected from tonic convulsions were noted. Results: ERCC (100-400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the duration of seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES). However, only 200 and 400mg/kg of the extract conferred protection (25 and 50%, respectively) on the mice. The same doses also protected animals from pentylenetetrazole-induced tonic seizures and significantly delayed the onset of tonic seizures produced by picrotoxin and N-methyl-dl-aspartic acid. The extract had no effect on bicuculline-induced seizures. Conclusion: The data suggest that the ethanolic root extract of C. carandas may produce its anticonvulsant effects via non-specific mechanisms since it reduced the duration of seizures produced by maximal electroshock as well as delayed the latency of seizures produced by pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxin
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Seizures , Apocynaceae , Pentylenetetrazole , Picrotoxin , Cell Extracts , Ethanol , AnticonvulsantsABSTRACT
Spot blotch resistant (IBON 18) and susceptible (RD 2508) lines were crossed to investigate inheritance of resistance and to identify simple sequence repeats (SSRs) associated with resistance. F1 resistance was intermediate and suggested additive nature of inheritance. Three additive genes was noted in the distribution of F3, F4 and F5 generations. In F6 and F6-7, the quantitative and qualitative approaches also suggested the control of three resistance genes. The parents and the RILs (F6/F6-7) were grown in four environments and spot blotch severity recorded. Forty five SSR primers, specific for chromosomes 1 (7H) and 5 (1H), were applied. Of these, 12 were polymorphic between the parents, and between the resistant and susceptible bulks. Three markers BMS 32, BMS 90 and HVCMA showed association with resistance, which was further confirmed through selective genotyping. The co-segregation data on the molecular markers (BMS 32, BMS 90 and HVCMA) and spot blotch severity on 173 RILs was analyzed by single marker linear regression approach. Significant regression suggested linkage among BMS 32, BMS 90 and HVCMA and the three resistant genes (designated as Rcs-qtl-5H-1, Rcs-qtl-5H-2 and Rcs-qtl-1H-1.) respectively. These markers explained 28 percent, 19 percent and 12 percent of variation respectively, for spot blotch resistance among the RILs.
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A diallel analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) parents (n = 11) and their F1 (n = 55) and F2 (n = 55) offspring was carried out for the following four traits: grain filling duration (GFD), GFD for growing degree days (GDD), 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant. Analysis of variance for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) displayed significant F1 and F2 general and specific combining ability effects for the four traits studied. For all the traits the GCA effects were relatively more important than the SCA effects, indicating that additive genetic effects were predominant. Crosses displaying high SCA effects for grain filling duration, seed weight and yield were observed to be derived from parents having various types of GCA effects (high x high, high x low, low x low and medium x low). The single seed descent method can be applied to exploit additive gene effects whereas dominance gene effects could be valuable in hybrid wheat breeding programs. Among the parents, genotypes from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo, CIMMYT) as well as South Asia were found to be superior general combiners for grain filling duration. Likewise, crosses involving diverse parents from CIMMYT and South Asia showed significant SCA effects for grain filling duration and other traits.
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Post kala-azar mucosal leishmaniasis (PKML) is relatively rare in the Indian subcontinent. We describe an ulcerative variant of PKML with nasal involvement in a Nepalese adult male. He had ulcerated plaque over the upper lip with extensive involvement of nasal columella and septum. He came from endemic area for kala-azar and had a previous history of kala-azar. There were plenty of LD bodies in microsections and FNA of submandibular lymph node.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Leishmania donovani/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/complications , Male , Nepal , Nose Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ulcer/pathologyABSTRACT
A 26-year-old male resident of Uttaranchal had a single large, erythematous, indurated verrucous plaque on chin of 1 year duration. He had suffered from visceral leishmaniasis 4-years back for which he was treated with injection sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) i.m. OD for 20 days. He had never been to regions endemic for kala-czar (KA) or post-kala-azar-dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Skin biopsy showed chronic granulomatous inflammation in the dermis. Giemsa stain revealed LD bodies inside the macrophages. The patient was treated successfully with injection SAG 20 mg/kg parenterally for 60 days. To the best of our knowledge, this is probably the first case of PKDL from the hills of Uttaranchal.
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A 59-year-old man developed gradually appearing and slowly progressive tender papulo-nodular lesions in a naevoid distribution on the left side of the trunk since the age of 49 years. The histopathological features were classical of leiomyoma.