Gingival absorption of α-tocopherol acetate and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid : in vitro evaluation in reconstructed gingival tissue / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: To assess the absorption of α-tocopherol acetate and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, which are used as active ingredients in toothpaste, into a reconstructed gingival tissue. METHODS: EpiGingival™ tissues were treated with a 25% slurry of toothpaste containing 2% α-tocopherol acetate and 0.3% 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, for 2 minutes. The treatment was repeated up to 6 times, with 1 hour intervals. After completion of all treatments, the active ingredients in the tissue extracts and receiver solutions were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Although α-tocopherol acetate was not detected, α-tocopherol was detected in the tissue extracts, indicating that α-tocopherol acetate was bioconverted to α-tocopherol after absorption. We could detect 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid both in the tissue extracts and in the receiver solutions, with a positive correlation to the number of treatments. CONCLUSIONS: We found that our toothpaste effectively delivered α-tocopherol acetate and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid to a reconstructed gingival tissue in vitro.

The Detection of Gallstones on MR Cholangiopancreatography: Comparison between the Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo Pulse Sequence and the Three-Dimensional Turbo Spin-Echo Pulse Sequence with the SENSE Technique

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the detectability of gallstones on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and to compare the accuracy between the single-shot turbo spin-echo (SSTSE) sequence and the three-dimensional turbo spin-echo (3DTSE) sequence with the sensitivity encoding (SENSE) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 141 patients who had undergone MRCP for a year period since August, 2003 were involved in the study. The source axial-SSTSE, coronal-SSTSE, source coronal-3D TSE and maximum intensity projection (MIP)-3DTSE images were obtained. Based on the operative findings and the findings of the ultrasound and CT examinations, the results of the reading by two investigators for the presence of gallstones were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: Among 141 patients, 135 patients were included in the study. 69 cases (51%) were found to have gallstones. In terms of detection of gallstones, the accuracy was 85%. The reading by one investigator greatly accorded with that of the other investigator (κ=0.94). As a result of comparing the four kinds of images obtained with the different techniques, it was found that gallstones were seen best on the source axial-SSTSE and source coronal-3DTSE images; the coronal-SSTSE image was the next best image and the MIP-3DTSE image followed (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The detectability of gallstones on MRCP was relatively excellent and the source axial-SSTSE and source coronal-3DTSE imagings should be included for the detection of gallstones.