Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection. Computer-based online searching of CNKI, VIP, SinoMed, Wanfang, ChiCTR, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, and Web of Science was performed to retrieve the randomized controlled trial(RCT) regarding Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection. In addition, manual searching of gray literature was conducted. After two evaluators independently selected articles, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of methodology included in the studies, Meta-analysis was carried out in RevMan 5.4 and trial sequential analysis(TSA) in TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta. GRADE profiler 3.6.1 was employed to evaluate the evidence quality. A total of 21 RCTs were included in this study, involving 2 651 patients(1 330 patients in the observation group and 1 321 patients in the control group). Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional western medicine alone, Compound Qinlan Oral liquid improved the total response rate(RR=1.15, 95%CI[1.12, 1.19], P<0.000 01) without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions(RR=0.77, 95%CI[0.47, 1.25], P=0.16). The results of subgroup analysis are described as follows:(1) Compared with conventional western medicine alone, Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid improved the total response rate(RR=1.10, 95%CI[1.05, 1.14], P<0.000 01) and shortened the time to symptom relief(SMD=-0.76, 95%CI[-1.02,-0.51], P<0.000 01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(RR=1.16, 95%CI[0.54, 2.47], P=0.71).(2) Compared with conventional western medicine alone, Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid + conventional western medicine improved the total response rate(RR=1.20, 95%CI[1.15, 1.25], P<0.000 01), decreased traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome scores(MD=-0.58, 95%CI[-0.75,-0.41], P<0.000 01), shortened the time to symptom relief(SMD=-2.44, 95%CI[-3.09,-1.80], P<0.000 01) and physical sign improvement(MD=-2.57, 95%CI[-4.11,-1.04], P=0.001), lowered the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines(SMD=-2.16, 95%CI[-2.61,-1.70], P<0.000 01), improved respiratory function indicators(SMD=1.48, 95%CI[1.00, 1.96], P<0.000 01), and enhanced the humoral immunity(MD=0.94, 95%CI[0.69, 1.18], P<0.000 01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(RR=0.57, 95%CI[0.29, 1.09], P=0.09). TSA showed that the cumulative Z curve of total response rate crossed the traditional threshold and TSA threshold, further confirming the clinical efficacy of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid. The GRADE graded the evidence of the above outcome indicators as low or extremely low, and yielded weak recommendation. Compared with conventional western medicine alone, Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid can improve the total effective rate and reduce the time to symptom relief. The combination of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid and conventional western medicine can improve the total response rate, mitigate the symptoms and improve the physical signs, reduce inflammation, and improve respiratory function and immunity of the patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection. In view of the limited number and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions still require high-quality RCT to provide evidence support.

Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of Chaihuang Granules in treatment of upper respiratory tract infection in children / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chaihuang Granules in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection in children. The databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Chaihuang Granules for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection in children, and supplemented by manual searching of gray literature. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software, trial sequential analysis was conducted using TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software, and evidence quality evaluation was carried out using GRADE profiler 3.6.1 software. Eighteen RCTs involving 2 459 patients(1 262 in the treatment group and 1 197 in the control group) were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional therapy alone, Chaihuang Granules significantly improved the total effective rate(RR=1.18, 95%CI[1.15, 1.22], P<0.000 01), reduced the disappearance time of symptoms/signs(MD=-1.39, 95%CI[-1.66,-1.12], P<0.000 01), improved cytokine levels(MD=-2.40, 95%CI[-3.80,-1.00], P=0.000 8), improved humoral immune levels(MD=0.75, 95%CI[0.60, 0.90], P<0.000 01), and reduced the recurrence rate(MD=-2.11, 95%CI[-2.98,-1.25], P<0.000 01). However, the incidence of adverse reactions was not increased(RR=0.94, 95%CI[0.59, 1.49], P=0.78). Subgroup analysis showed that:(1) both Chaihuang Granules used alone(RR=1.19, 95%CI[1.11, 1.27], P<0.000 01) and in combination with other therapies(RR=1.18, 95%CI[1.14, 1.22], P<0.000 01) effectively improved the total effective rate.(2) In terms of symptoms/signs disappearance time, Chaihuang Granules effectively reduced the duration of fever(MD=-1.18, 95%CI[-1.78,-0.58], P=0.000 1), cough with sputum(MD=-1.82, 95%CI[-2.38,-1.25], P<0.000 01), cough(MD=-1.31, 95%CI[-1.89,-0.74], P<0.000 01), sore throat(MD=-1.57, 95%CI[-2.25,-0.89], P<0.000 01), and lung rales(MD=-1.49, 95%CI[-2.06,-0.92], P<0.000 01).(3) Regarding cytokine levels, Chaihuang Gra-nules effectively improved the levels of interleukin(IL)-2(MD=-0.94, 95%CI[-1.16,-0.72], P<0.000 01), IL-6(MD=-4.71, 95%CI[-6.39,-3.03], P<0.000 01), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(MD=-2.07, 95%CI[-2.43,-1.71], P<0.000 01).(4) In terms of cellular immune levels, Chaihuang Granules effectively improved the levels of CD3~+(MD=4.11, 95%CI[1.53, 6.69], P=0.002), CD4~+(MD=4.21, 95%CI[1.69, 6.73], P=0.001), CD8~+(MD=-2.65, 95%CI[-3.93,-1.37], P<0.000 1), and CD4~+/CD8~+(MD=0.25, 95%CI[0.14, 0.37], P<0.000 1).(5) In terms of humoral immune levels, Chaihuang Granules effectively improved the levels of IgA(MD=0.44, 95%CI[0.23, 0.64], P<0.000 1), IgM(MD=0.31, 95%CI[0.15, 0.46], P=0.000 1), and IgG(MD=2.02, 95%CI[1.60, 2.43], P<0.000 01). Trial sequential analysis showed that the cumulative Z-curve of the total effective rate crossed the boundary value, further confirming its clinical efficacy. The GRADE evidence quality evaluation showed that the evidence quality of the above outcome indicators was low or very low, and the recommendation strength was weak. Compared to conventional therapy alone, Chaihuang Granules can effectively improve the total effective rate of treatment, alle-viate symptoms and signs of upper respiratory tract infection in children, improve inflammatory conditions, enhance immune function, and reduce the recurrence rate. Due to the limited quality of the included studies, high-quality RCT is still needed to provide evidence support for the above conclusions.

Evaluation of Dental Students’ Medical History Records on Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus at The National University of Malaysia

@#Introduction: A thorough medical history ensures safe dental practice. A good medical history guides clinicians in risk stratification to avoid medical emergencies and improve preparedness to prevent patient morbidity and mortality. This clinical audit aims to analyse the medical history taken by the dental students in patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) and subsequently, recommend improvements in history-taking components in the dental practice. Methods: Hundred and two patients’ folders from the Faculty of Dentistry were examined by two independent auditors using a validated history-taking evaluation form. Six components of the medical history were classified as good or bad practices. Sociodemographic factors and distribution of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA status) were described. The level of completeness of medical history records with years of study was assessed using the Chi-square test. Results: None of the students met 100% of the components required in medical history taking. Year three undergraduates performed poorly in the completeness of diagnosis and control of the medical condition whereby none of them had a good level of practice. The completeness of records did not differ between years of study except for diagnosis (p=0.026), control (p<0.001) and updating medical history (p=0.009) whereby the postgraduates had the best practice. Conclusion: This study highlighted marked deficiencies in taking a thorough medical history. Adaptation of the European Medical Risk Related History (EMRRH) form is recommended to be implemented in dental schools.

A multi-center study on effect of low serum albumin levels and duration on first episode of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between low serum albumin levels and its duration on first episode of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods:PD patients who were regularly followed up in the Pearl River Delta region from September 1, 2000 to July 6, 2021 in Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, and Foshan First People′s Hospital were retrospectively selected. The patients were divided into low serum albumin group (LSA group, mean albumin<35 g/L), moderate serum albumin group (MSA group, 35 g/L≤mean albumin<40 g/L) and high serum albumin group (HSA group, mean albumin≥40 g/L) according to the mean albumin of the patients, and the differences among the three groups were compared. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method was used to compare the risk of peritonitis events in different mean albumin groups and different durations of hypoalbuminemia. The multivariate Cox regression model was used to analyze the relationship between serum albumin levels and duration of hypoalbuminemia and new-onset peritonitis.Results:A total of 1 853 PD patients were included in this study, aged (49.72±15.34) years, and 1 036(55.9%) males. There were 551 patients (29.7%) in the LSA group, 920 patients (49.7%) in the MSA group, and 382 patients (20.6%) in the HSA group. The median follow-up was 37 (15, 66) months and there were 508 patients (27.4%) with new-onset peritonitis during the follow-up. Compared with the LSA group, the incidence of new peritonitis in the MSA group and HSA group was lower ( χ2=14.053, P<0.001; χ2=21.857, P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of new peritonitis between the HSA group and MSA group. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of peritonitis in the LSA group was significantly higher than that in the MSA group and HSA group (Log-rank χ2=22.128, P<0.001). Compared with PD patients with normal serum albumin, the patients with longer duration of hypoalbuminemia tended to have a higher incidence of new peritonitis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the mean albumin<35 g/L (LSA group/MSA group, HR=1.495, 95% CI 1.198-1.866, P<0.001; LSA group/HSA group, HR=1.459, 95% CI 1.104-1.928, P=0.008) was an independent risk factor of new-onset peritonitis in PD patients and the prolongation of duration of hypoalbuminemia had a significantly higher risk of new-onset peritonitis ( HR=1.013, 95% CI 1.003-1.024, P=0.014). Conclusion:The mean albumin<35 g/L and prolong duration of hypoalbuminemia are independent risk factors of PD-related peritonitis in PD patients.

The Use of Customised Surgical Guide for Bilateral Inferior Mandibulectomy in a Case of Monostotic Fibrous Dysplasia

@#Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign pathological condition of bone in which normal cancellous bone is replaced by immature woven bone and fibrous tissue. Surgical recontouring aims to remove the excess fibrous bone and achieve acceptable symmetry. Conventional surgery which depends on visual exposure and the surgeon’s assessment during the procedure poses a great challenge in obtaining a predictable surgical outcome especially in bilateral presentation. Recent advances in surgical technology may overcome this challenge. Herein, we present a case of 23 years old Chinese lady who underwent bilateral inferior mandibulectomy for monostotic fibrous dysplasia. The aims of this surgery were to recontour the mandible symmetrically via extraoral approach while preserving the inferior alveolar nerves and mental nerves with the aid of a surgical guide. A stereolithography model of the patient’s mandible was produced using the computed tomography (CT) scan data in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format to assist in the surgery. Simulation with SurgiCase software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) was utilised in creating the customised surgical guide. The autoclavable surgical guide was manufactured by rapid prototyping technology and used intraoperatively to define the osteotomy line for mandibular recontouring. Virtual surgical planning greatly assists surgeons to deliver a good surgical result.

Detection of IL-35-expressing monocytes in mice infected with BCG and its clinical significance / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To detect IL-35 in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and lung tissue with BCG infected mouse,and to analyze its effect on the tuberculosis immune mechanism and pathology.Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infecting animal model was made by BCG injection in wild type C57BL/6 mouse.Then,mice were sacrificed in different time points.The peripheral blood and lung tissue were isolated.The bacterial load and histopathological analysis in lung tissue were performed,and the expression of IL-35 subunits P35 and EBI3 in monocytes were detected by flow cytometry.Furthermore,the correlation of IL-35-expressing monocytes with the load of bacterium was analyzed.Results:The expression of P35 and EBI3 in monocytes in peripheral blood and lung tissue of BCG-infected mice was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the peripheral blood of the experimental group was significantly increased at 4 weeks after infection.The expression of EBI3 in lung tissue diaplayed significant rising trend.The correlation analysis showed that the P35 expression was positively correlated with the expression of EBI3 in monocyte,and the IL-35-ex-pressing monocyte in lung tissue was negatively correlated with the load of bacteria.The IL-35-expressing monocyte in peripheral blood and lungs increased significantly at 2-week and 4-week,while it increased in lung tissue at 8 week,significantly.Conclusion: BCG-infects mouse monocytes with high expression of IL-35,it may participate in anti-tuberculosis immune regulation.

Investigation and analysis of laboratory animal waste disposal in Beijing area in 2016 / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the treatment and disposal of laboratory animal waste in Beijing area in 2016. Methods Questionnaire, telephone survey, on-the-spot investigation and WeChat were used to survey the basic situation and laboratory animal waste management, including bedding material, excreta, carcasses and experimental consumables,etc. in 164 laboratory animal facilities in Beijing area in 2016. Results The data we have collected were relatively comprehensive and universal, reflecting the currently existing problems. Conclusions This investigation provides a reference for the compilation of the management rules of laboratory animal waste in Beijing.

Expression and clinical significance of interleukins-37 in patients with chronic kidney disease / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the level change of interleukin-37(IL-37) and its clinical significance in the patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) and nephrotic syndrome(NS) .Methods 57 cases of CKD (CKD group) and 13 cases of NS (NS group) in the Affiliated Donghua Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from September to November 2016 were selected .The CKD group was redivided into the CKD stage 1 ,stage 3 and stage 5 groups .At the same time 22 individuals undergoing physical examina-tion were selected as the healthy control group .The ELISA sandwich method was adopted to detect the plasma IL-37 level .Then the detection results were statistically analyzed .Results The level of plasma IL-37 in the CKD group and NS group was significant-ly higher than that in the healthy control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .01);the level of plasma IL-37 had no statistical difference among the CKD stage 1 group ,CKD stage 3 group and CKD stage 5 group(P>0 .05);the plasma IL-37 lev-el after treatment in the CKD group and NS group was decreased compared with before treatment ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .01);the plasma IL-37 level in CKD patients was positively correlated with the WBC and lymphocyte cells levels . Conclusion The patients with CKD and NS have high level expression of plasma IL-37 ,which might have good auxiliary diagnostic value for CKD and NS .

3D visualization assisted proximal femoral nail anti-rotation surgery in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fracture / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the application of 3 D visualization (3 DV) assisted proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) surgery in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fracture (ITF).Methods Totally 11 cases of elderly unstable ITF were treated with 3DV assisted PFNA fixation surgery.All these patients were examined with multi-row spiral CT volume scan,and the anatomical data of Dicom was reconstructed through M3 D software.Computer aided design (CAD) was performed based on 3 D reconstruction data,including anatomical data measurement,fracture reduction simulation,and proximal femoral head nail (PFNA) implant parameter design.And the CAD data were showed by S-3DV system during operation to guide the operation.Time of operation,intra-operative blood lose,post-operative drainage volume,hospital stay time and Harris hip score were recorded and compared to the non-3DV assisted PFNA procedure.Results In 3 DV-PFNA surgery,there was no significant difference between the preoperative planned average PFNA size and the implanted average PFNA size (P ＞ 0.05).Compared to the non-3DV-PFNA surgery,3 DV-PFNA surgery has less intra-operative blood lose and post-operative drainage volume,shorter time of preoperative traction reduction and operation (P ＜ 0.05).Harris hip function score of 3 DV-PFNA surgery was better than the conventional surgery 1 week after operation,and there was no significant difference in VAS score I month after operation.The 11 cases treated with 3DV-PFNA technology were healed well,and the rate of complications was lower than the conventional surgery.Conclusion 3DV technique can show accuracy CAD model of ITF,which may play an important role to improve efficiency and accuracy of PFNA surgery.

Effect of storage time on serum biochemical test of rats / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of different storage time on 14 blood biochemical indexes in rats. Methods Randomly selected 40 adult SD rats were included in this study. Fasting venous blood samples were collected, serum was separated, sealed, and stored in the refrigerator (4℃ and -20℃). The serum parameters were detected at 0 h,4 h,24 h,96 h and 7 d, respectively, using an automatic biochemical analyzer. A total of 14 blood biochemical indexes were detected, including alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) , alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), creatinine (CREA-J), uric acid (UA), urea nitrogen (UREA), blood glucose ( GLU) , total cholesterol ( TC) , triglyceride ( TG) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) , creatine kinase ( CK) and lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) . The effects of serum storage time on blood biochemical results were compared. Results The trends of blood biochemical data in male and female rats were consistent. C ompared with the indexes of serum preserved at 4℃ for 0 h, the ALP was significantly reduced after storage for 4 h, 24 h, 96 h, and 7 d (P< 0. 05), ALB were significantly increased after 96 h and 7 d (P< 0. 01), CREA-J was significantly increased after 96 h, 7 d (P<0. 05), UA was significantly increased after 24 h, 9 h, and 7 d (P < 0. 01), and no significant changes in other indicators ( P> 0. 05 ) . Compared with the values of 0 h serum, the serum preserved at -20℃ showed that ALT was significantly increased after 7 d (P < 0. 01), AST significantly increased after 96 h and 7 d (P< 0. 05), TP significantly decreased after 4 h and 24 h ( P< 0. 05 ) , ALB significantly increased after 4 h, 24 h, 96 h, and 7 d ( P< 0. 01 ) , CREA-J significantly increased after 24 h, 96 h, and 7 d (P< 0. 01), UA significantly increased after 4 h, 24 h, 96 h, and 7 d (P< 0. 01), TC significantly increased after 4 h, 24 h, 96 h, and 7 d (P< 0. 01), TG significantly increased after 96 h and 7 d (P< 0. 05), CK significantly increased after 96 h and 7 d (P< 0. 05), LDH significantly increased after 96 h and 7 d ( P < 0. 05 ) , and no significant changes in other indicators ( P > 0. 05 ) . Conclusions The biochemical tests of rat serum should be immediately performed as they were collected, especially for ALP test. For the sera stored at 4℃, the test should be finished in different times:UA test in 4 hours, ALB and CREA-J test in 24 hours, and ALT, AST, TP, UREA, GLU, TC, TG, LDL-C, CK, and LDH test in 7 days.

Improvement of information service in hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine by making use of public WeChat platform / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The data of public WeChat public platform in 100 hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine were mined and analyzed by making use of the"Qingbo index" big data platform in terms of the WCI value, number of papers, number of readings, and number of praises. The factors influencing the information service of public WeChat platform in hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine were found by further analyzing and comparing the number of published papers, contents of information service, publication time of papers in such hospitals with Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine as exam-ples. Suggestions were put forward for strengthening the operation and development of public WeChat platform and improving its information service.

Improvement of information service in hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine by making use of public WeChat platform / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The data of public WeChat public platform in 100 hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine were mined and analyzed by making use of the"Qingbo index" big data platform in terms of the WCI value, number of papers, number of readings, and number of praises. The factors influencing the information service of public WeChat platform in hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine were found by further analyzing and comparing the number of published papers, contents of information service, publication time of papers in such hospitals with Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine as exam-ples. Suggestions were put forward for strengthening the operation and development of public WeChat platform and improving its information service.

The correlation study between the distribution of two single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)loci on chromo-some 9p21 and the macrovascular disease in Xinjiang Uygur and Han nationality people with type 2 diabetes / 中国基层医药

Objective To assessed the distribution of two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)loci (rs2383206.rs10757278)on chromosome 9p21 in Xinjiang Uygur and Han nationality populations,and to investigate correlation and the incidence of all cases of macrovascular disease (coronary artery disease,carotid atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease)and analysis of risk factors.To further study the correlation between the incidence of two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)loci (rs2383206.rs10757278)on chromosome 9p21 in type 2 diabetes melli-tus(T2DM)of Han and Uygur ethnic and the incidence of all cases vascular disease,then to analysis the risk factors. Methods 497 adults with T2DM who were treated in the Endocrinology department in hospital from May 2012 to April 2014 were involved in this study,including 298 Uygur patients and 199 Han patients.215 non -T2DMpatients who were treated in the Cardiology department in hospital were also involved in the study,including 93 Uighur patients and 122 Han patients.Then the total 712 patients were detectedby using PCR -SNP Stream technology to analyse rs2383206.rs10757278 loci SNP genotyping.The relevant results were compared with t test,two different genotype distribution and allele frequency were compared with χ2 test,multiple factors analysis were calculated by Logisitic regression.Results The distribution of genotype with two SNP loci had no significant difference between the patients in Uygur group and Han group (rs2383206χ2 =5.570,P =0.062;rs10757278 χ2 =2.721,P =0.257 ),and there's no significant difference between the patients with macrovascular disease and non -macrovascular disease in all patients(rs2383206χ2 =0.120,P =0.950;rs10757278 χ2 =1.027,P =0.598).Logisitic regression analysis showed that the incidence of macrovascular was significantly associated with increasing age(χ2 =28.820,P =0.000)and fatty liver(χ2 =5.210,P =0.020)in Uighur group with type 2 DM.In Han group with type 2 DM,the macrovascular was significantly associated with the increase of age (χ2 =19.980,P =0.000),elevated fasting blood glucose (FPG)(χ2 =4.070,P =0.044)and poor controlled with glycosylated hemoglobin (χ2 =4.280,P =0.040). Conclusion This study found that there's no correlation between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS)loci (rs2383206.rs10757278)on chromosome 9 p21 large with macrovascular in Uygur group and Han group.Increasing age,higher FPG and poor controlled with glycosylated hemoglobin combined with fatty liver were the risk factors for macrovascular.

Prevalence of Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and its Associated Risk Factors in the Chinese Population: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a debilitating disease that represents a significant financial burden for both individuals and healthcare systems. Despite its significance, however, its prevalence in the Chinese general population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NONFH and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A nationally representative survey of 30,030 respondents was undertaken from June 2012 to August 2013. All participants underwent a questionnaire investigation, physical examination of hip, and bilateral hip joint X-ray and/or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting to test serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations between various metabolic, demographic, and lifestyle-related variables and NONFH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NONFH was diagnosed in 218 subjects (0.725%) and the estimated NONFH cases were 8.12 million among Chinese people aged 15 years and over. The prevalence of NONFH was significantly higher in males than in females (1.02% vs. 0.51%, χ2 = 24.997, P < 0.001). Among NONFH patients, North residents were subjected to higher prevalence of NONFH than that of South residents (0.85% vs. 0.61%, χ 2 = 5.847, P = 0.016). Our multivariate regression analysis showed that high blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol, male, urban residence, family history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid intake, overweight, and obesity were all significantly associated with an increased risk of NONFH.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings highlight that NONFH is a significant public health challenge in China and underscore the need for policy measures on the national level. Furthermore, NONFH shares a number of risk factors with atherosclerosis.</p>

Preparation and mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone/odontogenic biphasic bioceramic composites / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The physical properties and chemical composition of teeth are very similar with human bone tissue, and there are a larger proportion of inorganic components. Therefore, tooth can be considered as a potential repair material for autologous or alogeneic bone defects. OBJECTIVE:To prepare polyetheretherketone/odontogenic biphasic bioceramic composite, and to test its mechanical properties. METHODS: The humanin vitro teeth of clinical waste were colected. The organic components were removed after a preliminary calcination. Another calcination was conducted after soaking in diammonium phosphate solution for 24 hours to prepare the biphasic ceramics with the main components of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate. The biphasic ceramics were ground and sieved using 200-mesh sieve folowed by impregnation in organic foam to prepare polyetheretherketone/odontogenic biphasic bioceramics. Phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, porosity, compressive strength and bond strength test were conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Polyetheretherketone/odontogenic biphasic bioceramics presented porous network structure and interconnected holes, with the aperture of 100-800 μm, porosity of 73.65%, compressive strength of (165.260±11.703) N, bond strength of (14.63±6.21) MPa. P element content accounted for 19.8%, and Ca element content accounted for 40.5%. The main phases were β- tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. These results demonstrate that polyetheretherketone/odontogenic biphasic bioceramics have good mechanical properties.

Expression, purification and immunogenicity analysis of recombinant MPB64 using baculovirus expression system / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To express mycobacterium tuberculosis protein MPB 64 in baculovirus insect cell expression system ,and identify its immunogenicity.Methods:The target gene MPB64 was connected to pFastBac vector ,then the pFastBac-MPB64 plasmid which was harvested would transformed to DH10Bac competent,and the target gene was transposition into Bacmid by Tn7 transposase fragment,therefore Bacmid-MPB64 Shuttle vector was obtained.The shuttle vector was packaged by liposomes and transfected Sf 9 cells to harvest P1-generation virus ,then high titers of P4 generation virus was harvested by repeat transfected Sf 9 cells three times.The target protein MPB64 was purified from the supernatant by Q Sepharose FF and Ni affine chromatography ,which were used to immunize BALB/c mice.Antibody changes in serum would be detected ,and the proliferation of immunized mice spleen cells would be detected by MTT,detected the IFN-γsecretion by MPB64 stimulated spleen cells by ELISA method.Results: MPB64 successfully expressed in insect cells.The purity of target protein was over 90% and yield up to 35 mg/L after purification.Purified protein can effectively stimulate BALB/c mice to produce antibodies , increase the content of IFN-γmedium in mice spleen cells ,and significantly promoting proliferation in spleen cells between 0.2-100 μg/ml.Conclusion: MPB64 which has immunogenicity was successfully expressed in baculovirus insect cell expression system ,that open a new avenue for tuberculosis vaccine production.

Effect Evaluation on Association Rules of Symptoms in TCM Treatment of Viral Pneumonia / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to explore an effect evaluation method of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of viral pneumonia. Association rules were used to analyze the therapeutic effect of heat, stagnation, and phlegm related syndromes from 297 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia children before and after treatment. The results showed that through the comparison of the frequent itemset of heat, stagnation, and phlegm related syn-dromes, in part of the time, the support degree of the experimental group was obviously lower than that in the con-trol group (P < 0.05). The frequent itemset of the experimental group disappeared 1~3 d earlier than the control group, which indicated the effect in the experimental group was better than the control group. It was concluded that association rules can be used for evaluating therapeutic effect of TCM in treatment of viral pneumonia. The effect evaluation method based on association rules of symptoms is more in line with the syndrome differentiation of TCM.

Correlation of lignans content and antioxidant activities of Schisandra chinensis fruits by using stoichiometry method / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a quick method for evaluation of the antioxidant activities based on the correlation analysis of lignans content and antioxidant activities of Schisandra chinensis fruits.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The content of five lignans components in 37 batches of S. chinensis fruits from different regions of Jilin province were measured by HPLC. Simultaneously, the antioxidant activities of the above samples were detected, such as lipid peroxidation inhibition activity in liver (LPIL), kidney (LPIK) and brain (LPIB) and the clearance rate of DPPH (CRD). Bivariate correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were carried out by the software of SPSS for windows 11.5.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results of bivariate correlation analysis showed that deoxyschizandrin was negative correlation (P<0.01) to the activity of LPIL, LPIB, CRD. Schisandrin was positive correlation (P<0.01) to the activity of LPIL, LPIB, CRD. Schisandrol B was also positive correlation (P<0.05 or P<0.01) to the above four kinds of antioxidant activity. The results of stepwise regression analysis were mostly consistent with the bivariate correlation analysis results. For the other 10 batches of samples, the simulated antioxidant activities according to the regression equation calculated was consistent with the measured activities.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By using the bivariate correlation analysis and linear stepwise regression analysis, the bioactive components related to the antioxidant activity of S. chinensis fruits were found. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of samples will be inferred according to the content of Schisandra lignans.</p>

Prevalence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue diseases / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) in the sera of connective tissue diseases (CTD) patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and its correlation with clinical manifestations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>AECAs in sera of 39 CTD patients with PAH, 22 CTD patients without PAH, and 10 healthy donors as controls were detected with Western blotting. The prevalence of different AECAs in different groups was compared and its correlation with clinical manifestations was also investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of AECAs was 82.1% in CTD patients with PAH, 72.7% in CTD patients without PAH, and 20.0% in healthy donors. Anti-22 kD AECA was only detected in CTD patients with PAH (15.4%). Anti-75 kD AECA was more frequently detected in CTD patients with PAH than in those without PAH (51.3% vs. 22.7%, P < 0.05). In CTD patients with PAH, anti-75 kD AECA was more frequently detected in those with Raynaud's phenomenon or with positive anti-RNP antibody.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AECAs could be frequently detected in CTD patients with or without PAH, while anti-22 kD and anti-75 kD AECA might be specific in CTD patients with PAH.</p>

Immunoregulatory effects of Periplocin from Cortex Periplocae in tumor-bearing mice / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

AIM: To investigate the immune mechanisms for Periplocin from Cortex Periplocae (CPP) in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS: H_(22) tumor-bearing model BALB/c mice were applied to evaluated in vivo immunoregulatory effect of CPP. The influence of different dose CPP (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg) on immune organs in tumorbearing mice were observed. T cell subsets of mice spleen were detected by flow cytometry. MTT assay was used to determine the influence of CPP on lymphocyte proliferation of mice spleen stimulated by ConA. The levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-12 in serum from mice were detected by means of ELISA. RESULTS: Thymus index and spleen index of H_(22) tumor-bearing model control mice became less than that of normal mice (P < 0.05). Compared to both model and normal control groups, thymus index and spleen index of H_(22) tumor-bearing mice treated with CPP increased obviously (P < 0.05). CPP had no influence on the number of CD8~+ T cells, but up-regulated markedly the number of CD3~+, CD4~+ T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in tumorbearing mice. In CPP-treated mice, the percentage of CD3~+, CD4~+ T cells were not different from normal mice (P<0.05), the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ was higher than that of normal mice (P < 0.05). CPP enhanced obviously lymphocyte proliferation of mice spleen induced by ConA, the SI scores were even higher than that of nornal mice. The levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-12 in serum from CPP-treated mice, increased significantly compared to model control group (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, were similar to or higher than that of normal mice. CONCLUSION: CPP protected immune organs of tumor-bearing mice, increased obviously the percentage of CD4~+ and CD4~+/ CD8~+ among the T cell line, and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation of mice spleen significantly, stimulated the production of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-12. The results suggested that CPP possessed potent immunoregulatory effect.