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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of epidural analgesia plus dexmedetomidine infusion on postpartum depression in parturients with natural childbirth. MethodsWe selected 70 parturients aged between 22 and 36， with singleton， term， cephalic presentation， natural delivery and ASA class I or Ⅱ. The cases undergoing epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and sufentanil were randomly divided into two groups by using a random number table （n=35 for each group）. The control group （Group C） used intravenous infusion of normal saline， while the experimental group （Group D） used equivalent volumes of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine. Participants were followed up at 1， 6， 12 weeks after childbirth to assess the severity of postpartum depression. Blood samples were collected at 12 h and 48 h after childbirth to measure the serum prolactin levels. The hemodynamic （HR and MAP） changes， VAS scores， and Ramsay scores were recorded at five time points： before analgesia （T1）， 10 min after analgesia （T2）， 30 min after analgesia （T3）， 12 h （T4） and 24 h （T5） after delivery. The number of analgesia pump presses and adverse events were also documented. ResultsCompared with Group C， Group D showed significantly lower EPDS scores at 1 week after childbirth， significantly higher prolactin concentrations at 12 h and 48 h after childbirth， significantly lower VAS scores at T2， T3 and T4， significantly higher Ramsay score at T3 and significantly reduced number of analgesia pump presses （P < 0.05）. ConclusionEpidural analgesia plus intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine can alleviate early postpartum depression in women undergoing natural delivery， promote early prolactin secretion and provide a safe and effective adjunctive analgesic and sedative effect.
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italic>O-methyltransferases (OMTs) are one of the key tailoring enzymes in the biosynthesis of many natural products, O-methylation can not only reduce the reactivity of natural products, but also alter their solubility, stability and biological activities. Based on the transcriptome data of Ardisia japonica, a full-length cDNA sequence of candidate OMT (termed as AjOMT1) was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) for the first time. In vitro enzyme catalytic activity assay showed that the recombinant AjOMT1 could effectively catalyze quercetin to form O-methylated products. Most importantly, AjOMT1 showed unprecedented substrate promiscuity towards structurally various compounds including flavonoids, stilbenes, coumarins, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids, especially preferring to the compounds with adjacent phenolic hydroxyl groups, and showed regio-selectivity. These results suggested that AjOMT1 could be used as the tool enzyme to conduct O-methylation of different types of compounds to produce diverse active methylated products, and provide a new method for drug discovery, even universal part for synthetic biology of natural products.
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Flavonoids is one of the biggest families of the plant-derived secondary metabolites with structural diversity. Until now, over 10 000 kinds of flavonoids with distinct structures have been purified and identified from plants, and some of them possess a range of important pharmacological effects, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and so on. So far, a number of genes and enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of flavonoids have been reported, especially, a great of progress has been achieved in the synthetic biology of flavonoids in the recent years. Herein, based upon a brief introduction on the biosynthesis of flavonoids, this review summarizes the research advances in synthetic biology of flavonoids in the past two decades (2001-2021), highlighting the cell factories construction of the representative flavonoids. And, a brief discussion and prospects of the relevant metabolic bottlenecks and optimizing strategies are proposed.
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In the research and development of new drugs, it is very important to investigate the in vitro metabolism of candidate drugs. Traditional models such as liver microsomes have many limitations, while the in vitro model of recombinant human drug metabolizing enzymes is considered as an important and useful approach because of its convenient access, stable activity and low cost. In this study, six major human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) genes (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9 and 2B7) were cloned from human liver cDNA and heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and baculovirus-infected insect cell. UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6 and 1A9 were successfully expressed in yeast and showed glucuronidation activity against a variety of different structural types of substrates, but their activities were low. All six UGTs were successfully expressed and exhibited significantly improved glucuronidation activity when Trichopolusia ni cells BTI-TN5B1-4 (High Five) were used as the host. The recombinant human UGTs expressed in insect cells can catalyze the glucuronidation of their specific substrates, and the glucuronidation products were synthesized at milligram-scale with yields of 13%-66% for the first time, of which the structures were identified via MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis. Above all, the recombinant human UGTs yeast and insect cell expression systems constructed in this study can be used for in vitro metabolism evaluation in the early stage of new drugs research and development, and also provide a new tool for the synthesis of glucuronide metabolites.
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Objective:To investigate the knowledgement and clinical application of neurogenic bladder and intermittent catheterization among nurses in Guangdong. Methods:From December, 2020 to January, 2021, 241 nurses in Guangdong were investigated with a questionnaire designed by ourselves. Results:The score was low in understanding the neurogenic bladder rehabilitation nursing management and intermittent catheterization through self-assessment. The awareness was deficient in the complication and risk management of neurogenic bladder. Although there were a lot of patients with dysuria in clinical practice, 67.2% of nurses still used indwelling catheter, and only 24.1% used intermittent catheterization. Only 9.9% nurses thought that patients with dysuria were treated positively by doctors. Most of nurses would like to participate in the training and nursing alliance in neurogenic bladder rehabilitation nursing management and intermittent catheterization, and manage patients with neurogenic bladder after discharge. Conclusion:The knowledge of guidelines related with neurogenic bladder and intermittent catheterization among nurses is insufficient, and is not applied in clinical practice. More work should be done to improve the knowledge and standardization of management of neurogenic bladder.
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Objective To observe the effects of short-term blood flow restriction (BFR) based on limb linkage training on cardiopulmonary endurance, lower limb muscle endurance and balance function of healthy people. Methods From December, 2019 to March, 2020, 20 healthy young people were randomly divided into control group (n = 10) and experimental group (n = 10). They accepted limb linkage training with the loading of anaerobic threshold (AT) according to the results of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), 20 minutes a time, three times a week, for two weeks; while the experimental group wore 250 mmHg blood pressure training belt at the root of both thighs; the control group wore blood pressure training belt with no pressure. They were assessed with CPET, 6-minute walking test, wall squatting, seat test and functional reach test before and after training. Results After training, all the indexes improved in both groups (|t| > 2.321, P < 0.05), except functional reach test, the results of wall squatting and seat test were better in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 2.660, P < 0.05). Conclusion Limb linkage training combined with lower extremity BFR could further improve lower limb muscle endurance.
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Objective To observe the effects of short-term blood flow restriction (BFR) based on limb linkage training on cardiopulmonary endurance, lower limb muscle endurance and balance function of healthy people. Methods From December, 2019 to March, 2020, 20 healthy young people were randomly divided into control group (n = 10) and experimental group (n = 10). They accepted limb linkage training with the loading of anaerobic threshold (AT) according to the results of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), 20 minutes a time, three times a week, for two weeks; while the experimental group wore 250 mmHg blood pressure training belt at the root of both thighs; the control group wore blood pressure training belt with no pressure. They were assessed with CPET, 6-minute walking test, wall squatting, seat test and functional reach test before and after training. Results After training, all the indexes improved in both groups (|t| > 2.321, P < 0.05), except functional reach test, the results of wall squatting and seat test were better in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 2.660, P < 0.05). Conclusion Limb linkage training combined with lower extremity BFR could further improve lower limb muscle endurance.
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Objective:To compare the effects of observation to non-goal-oriented hand actions with video or pictures on speech recovery in stroke patients with chronic non-fluent aphasia. Methods:From January, 2016 to December, 2018, 30 patients with non-fluent aphasia after stroke were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 15) repeated the verbs after watching picture, and the experimental group (n = 15) repeated the verbs after watching videos, for four weeks. They were assessed with Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) before treatment and every week after treatment. Results:Aphasia quotient (AQ) increased with time (F > 32.922, P < 0.001), but no significant difference was found between two groups at any time points (t < 0.699, P > 0.05). The interactive effect between time and group was significant (F = 6.398, P < 0.001), which suggested that AQ increased more in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion:For non-goal-oriented hand action observation, video observation maybe promote speech recovery in stroke patients with chronic non-fluent aphasia.
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Objective:To explore the effects of action observation therapy on upper limb severe hemiplegia. Methods:From January to June, 2019, 40 patients with severe hemiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n = 20) and observation group (n = 20). Before routine rehabilitation training, the observation group watched the videos about activities and movements of arms and hands, and then were asked to imagine their affected arms and hands to complete these movements. The control group watched the videos of orderly geometric figures, letters and others without body and animals. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Motor Assessment Scale-Upper Extremities (MAS-UE) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and four weeks after treatment. Results:The scores of FMA-UE, MAS-UE and MBI improved after treatment (t > 2.854, P < 0.05), and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (F > 4.395, P < 0.05). Conclusion:action observation therapy can further improve upper limb motor function and activities of daily living in patients with severe hemiplegia after stroke.
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Objective:To observe the clinical effect of low and medium intensity aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicated with sarcopenia. Methods:From 2018 to 2019, 11 elderly patients with CKD complicated with sarcopenia were enrolled in this study. All the patients received low and medium intensity aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise intervention on the basis of regular internal medical treatment. Each exercise section included 30 to 50 minutes of aerobic exercise and 20 to 30 minutes of resistance exercise, and was conducted three times a week for twelve weeks. Before exercise, and 24 hours, six weeks and twelve weeks after exercise, the related indicators were measured. Results:No statistical difference in serum lipids and renal function indicators was found 24 hours after exercise, and six and twelve weeks post exercise (P > 0.05). Compared with pre-exercise condition, the reach in seat increased six weeks after exercise (P < 0.05); the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, the grip strength index, the 6-meter walking speed, the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), the one-leg standing time and the reach in seat improved twelve weeks after exercise (P < 0.05). Compared with the results six weeks after exercise, the grip strength index, the 6-meter walking speed, VO2peak and the one-leg standing time improved twelve weeks after exercise (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Structured exercise training of low and medium intensity aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise training would not worsen the renal function of patients with CKD complicated with sarcopenia; however, it could improve the muscle mass, strength and motor function of them.
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This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy (TRBx) and transperineal prostate biopsy (TPBx) in patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa). We enrolled 2962 men who underwent transrectal (n = 1216) or transperineal (n = 1746) systematic 12-core prostate biopsy. Clinical data including age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and prostate volume (PV) were recorded. To minimize confounding, we performed propensity score-matching analysis. We measured and compared PCa detection rates between TRBx and TPBx, which were stratified by clinical characteristics and Gleason scores. The effects of clinical characteristics on PCa detection rate were assessed by logistic regression. For all patients, TPBx detected a higher proportion of clinically significant PCa (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses illustrated that PV had a smaller impact on PCa detection rate of TPBx compared with TRBx. Propensity score-matching analysis showed that the detection rates in TRBx were higher than those in TPBx for patients aged >- 80 years (80.4% vs 56.5%, P = 0.004) and with PSA level 20.1-100.0 ng ml-1 (80.8% vs 69.1%, P = 0.040). In conclusion, TPBx was associated with a higher detection rate of clinically significant PCa than TRBx was; however, because of the high detection rate at certain ages and PSA levels, biopsy approaches should be optimized according to patents' clinical characteristics.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Biopsy/methods , Logistic Models , Neoplasm Grading , Perineum , Propensity Score , Prostate/pathology , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , RectumABSTRACT
Objective To sum up the experience in diagnosis of fungal esophagitis. Methods An analysis was per-formed on clinical data of 38 cases of fungal esophagitis diagnosed through gastroscopy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2015. Results Of 38 cases, 26 were males and 12 were females. The mean age was(54.0±1.5) years old.76.3% had at least one risk factor.7 patients had oral candidiasis and 10 pa-tients had typical symptom of fungal esophagitis. Endoscopic severity was classified according to Kodsi's grade:gradeⅠ6 cases,grade Ⅱ29 cases, grade Ⅲ 1 case,grade Ⅳ 2 cases. Most patients were treated with systemic antifungal therapy. However,one patient's fungal esophagitis resolved without any treatment. Conclusions Endos-copy with biopsy is a valuable definitive diagnostic method for fungal esophagitis, especially for asymptomatic pa-tients or those without oral candidiasis. Systemic antifungal treatment is recommended with fluconazole as the first choice. More evaluation is needed to determine if systemic antifungal therapy is necessary for asymptomatic and im-munocompetent patients with mild fungal esophagitis.
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Objective To compare the effects of two different samples and different test methods on blood biochemical indexes and blood glucose values in rats. Methods Glucose levels in the serum and plasma samples were detected with a blood glucometer, and the biochemical parameters in the serum and plasma were determined by routine blood biochemistry. The data were statistically compared and analyzed to determine if there are some significant differences. Results Among the 19 biochemical indexes of serum and plasma specimens, nine parameters, i. e. , ALB, TP, ALP, CHOL,URIC,GLU,Mg,LD,Ca showed significant differences(P< 0. 05),while the other 10 indexes showed no significant difference (P> 0. 05). Different samples and different methods had significant differences in the detection of blood glucose (P< 0. 05). Conclusions Different method and samples impact on the detection of blood glucose and some other serum and plasma biochemical indexes.
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Objective Transcription factor forkhead box L 2 (FOXL2) is a key regulator of granulosa cells (GCs) estrogen syn-thesis and function maintenance .However, the FOXL2 protein expres-sion and function regulation mechanism are unknown .We explored how DNAJB11 regulates estrogen synthesis of granulosa cells with immunoprecipitation , immunofluorescent staining and luciferase re-porter gene. Methods The expression and localization of DNAJB 11 was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in isolated mouse ovary tissues .we use immunoprecipitation , immunofluorescence staining and luciferase reporter gene assay to investigate the mechanism of DNAJB11, a member of the endoplasmic reticulum Hsp 40 /DnaJ family, regulating the estrogen synthesis in granulosa cells . Results DNAJB11 is expressed in the mouse ovary and granulosa cells .Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes DNAJB11 ex-pression in a time and concentration dependent manner and induces endogenous DNAJB 11 protein translocation from the ER to the nu-cleus in KGN cells.Moreover, Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of DNAJB11 did not affect the proliferation of granulosa cells .How-ever, the concentration of estrogen in granulosa cells was affected by concentration -dependent and subcellular localization-dependent manner (10749±801.7 pg/mL vs 14217±1218.0 pg/mL P<0.01).Immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that DNAJB11 binds to FOXL2 in granulosa cells .When overexpressed in the nucleus of granulosa cells , DNAJB11 could significantly enhance the stability of FOXL2 (P<0.05) and promote FOXL2-mediated activity of Cyp19A1 promoter (P<0.01), while the expression of DNAJB11 in the nucleus increased the expression of Cyp 19A1 protein by 1.5 times ( P<0.05) . Conclusion These results demonstrate that DNAJB 11 was a new binding molecule of transcription factor FOXL 2 and regulated FOXL 2 protein stability and transcription activity .
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Objective To sum up the experience in diagnosis of fungal esophagitis. Methods An analysis was per-formed on clinical data of 38 cases of fungal esophagitis diagnosed through gastroscopy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Jan. 2013 to Dec. 2015. Results Of 38 cases, 26 were males and 12 were females. The mean age was(54.0±1.5) years old.76.3% had at least one risk factor.7 patients had oral candidiasis and 10 pa-tients had typical symptom of fungal esophagitis. Endoscopic severity was classified according to Kodsi's grade:gradeⅠ6 cases,grade Ⅱ29 cases, grade Ⅲ 1 case,grade Ⅳ 2 cases. Most patients were treated with systemic antifungal therapy. However,one patient's fungal esophagitis resolved without any treatment. Conclusions Endos-copy with biopsy is a valuable definitive diagnostic method for fungal esophagitis, especially for asymptomatic pa-tients or those without oral candidiasis. Systemic antifungal treatment is recommended with fluconazole as the first choice. More evaluation is needed to determine if systemic antifungal therapy is necessary for asymptomatic and im-munocompetent patients with mild fungal esophagitis.
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Objective To compare the effects of two different samples and different test methods on blood biochemical indexes and blood glucose values in rats. Methods Glucose levels in the serum and plasma samples were detected with a blood glucometer, and the biochemical parameters in the serum and plasma were determined by routine blood biochemistry. The data were statistically compared and analyzed to determine if there are some significant differences. Results Among the 19 biochemical indexes of serum and plasma specimens, nine parameters, i. e. , ALB, TP, ALP, CHOL,URIC,GLU,Mg,LD,Ca showed significant differences(P< 0. 05),while the other 10 indexes showed no significant difference (P> 0. 05). Different samples and different methods had significant differences in the detection of blood glucose (P< 0. 05). Conclusions Different method and samples impact on the detection of blood glucose and some other serum and plasma biochemical indexes.
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Objective Transcription factor forkhead box L 2 (FOXL2) is a key regulator of granulosa cells (GCs) estrogen syn-thesis and function maintenance .However, the FOXL2 protein expres-sion and function regulation mechanism are unknown .We explored how DNAJB11 regulates estrogen synthesis of granulosa cells with immunoprecipitation , immunofluorescent staining and luciferase re-porter gene. Methods The expression and localization of DNAJB 11 was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in isolated mouse ovary tissues .we use immunoprecipitation , immunofluorescence staining and luciferase reporter gene assay to investigate the mechanism of DNAJB11, a member of the endoplasmic reticulum Hsp 40 /DnaJ family, regulating the estrogen synthesis in granulosa cells . Results DNAJB11 is expressed in the mouse ovary and granulosa cells .Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes DNAJB11 ex-pression in a time and concentration dependent manner and induces endogenous DNAJB 11 protein translocation from the ER to the nu-cleus in KGN cells.Moreover, Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of DNAJB11 did not affect the proliferation of granulosa cells .How-ever, the concentration of estrogen in granulosa cells was affected by concentration -dependent and subcellular localization-dependent manner (10749±801.7 pg/mL vs 14217±1218.0 pg/mL P<0.01).Immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that DNAJB11 binds to FOXL2 in granulosa cells .When overexpressed in the nucleus of granulosa cells , DNAJB11 could significantly enhance the stability of FOXL2 (P<0.05) and promote FOXL2-mediated activity of Cyp19A1 promoter (P<0.01), while the expression of DNAJB11 in the nucleus increased the expression of Cyp 19A1 protein by 1.5 times ( P<0.05) . Conclusion These results demonstrate that DNAJB 11 was a new binding molecule of transcription factor FOXL 2 and regulated FOXL 2 protein stability and transcription activity .
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A new phomapyrone derivative (1), and 9 known compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of solid fermentation of Fusarium redolens, the endophytic fungus from Edgeworthia chrysantha, by using various isolation techniques such as Sephadex LH-20, MCI GEL and Semi pre-HPLC, etc. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis, including MS, UV, CD, specific rotation, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, as (+)-7S-4-deoxy-9-hydroxyphomapyrone C (1), uracil (2), uridine (3), 2'-deoxyuridine (4), adenosine (5), 2'-deoxyadenosine (6), cordysinin B (7), ergosterol (8), ergosta-5α, 8β-epidioxy-6, 22-dien-3β-ol (9), and (22E, 24S)-3α-hydroxy-24-methylcholesta-5, 8, 22-trien-7-one (10).
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The glycosides of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP) possess various pharmacological activities; however, the chemical synthesis of these glycosides faces challenges in regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, and the protection and de-protection of functional groups. In this work, a novel glycosyltransferase (GT) gene AbGT5 from Aloe barbadensis was successfully cloned, heterogeneously expressed and purified. Recombinant AbGT5 was able to catalyze the glycosylation of DMEP and the glycosylated product, which was separated from the preparative scale reaction, was characterized as DMEP 4'-O-β-D-glucoside via MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC and HMBC. According to the investigations of enzyme properties, AbGT5 show the highest activity around 20 ℃ in the buffer of pH 9.0, and it was independent of divalent metal ions. Under the optimum conditions, the conversion rate of DMEP can reach 80%. Above all, in this work the enzymatic glycosylation of DMEP was achieved with high efficiency by the novel GT AbGT5.
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Secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase (SDH) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway of podophyllotoxin.In this study, two SDH candidate genes,SO282 and SO1223, were cloned from callus of Dysosma versipellis by homology-based PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE).The SDH candidate genes were expressed in Escherichia coli and the subsequent enzyme assay in vitro showed that recombinant SO282 had the SDH activity. These results pave the way to the follow-up investigation of the biosynthetic of podophyllotoxin.