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Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, obtained from Trigonella foenum-graecum, Dioscorea, and Rhizoma polgonati, has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, and leukemia. This article aims to provide an overview of the in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's anticancer effects. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects of diosgenin on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and growth, promoting apoptosis, inducing differentiation and autophagy, inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and invasion, blocking cell cycle, regulating immunity and improving gut microbiome. Clinical investigations have revealed clinical dosage and safety property of diosgenin. Furthermore, in order to improve the biological activity and bioavailability of diosgenin, this review focuses on the development of diosgenin nano drug carriers, combined drugs and the diosgenin derivatives. However, further designed trials are needed to unravel the diosgenin's deficiencies in clinical application.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Diosgenin/metabolism , Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy , Apoptosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, obtained from Trigonella foenum-graecum, Dioscorea, and Rhizoma polgonati, has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, and leukemia. This article aims to provide an overview of the in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's anticancer effects. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects of diosgenin on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and growth, promoting apoptosis, inducing differentiation and autophagy, inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and invasion, blocking cell cycle, regulating immunity and improving gut microbiome. Clinical investigations have revealed clinical dosage and safety property of diosgenin. Furthermore, in order to improve the biological activity and bioavailability of diosgenin, this review focuses on the development of diosgenin nano drug carriers, combined drugs and the diosgenin derivatives. However, further designed trials are needed to unravel the diosgenin's deficiencies in clinical application.
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@#Conjunctival reconstruction is commonly used in severe conjunctival defect caused by chemical or thermal burns. The problems of conjunctival transplantation, including shortage of autogenous conjunctiva and immunological rejection of xenogenous conjunctiva or materials, could be solved by tissue engineering conjunctiva. A scaffold material with well biocompatibility and sufficient biomechanical property plays a critical role in the construction of tissue engineering conjunctiva. In this review, the latest research progress and the existing problems of scafflod materials in tissue engineering conjunctiva were summarized.
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Axonal damage leads to permanent defects in the adult mammals central nervous system. As an important axonal growth inhibitor, Nogo-A and its receptors involve in the regulation of synaptic plasticity in mature neurons of the central nervous system, and play a role in the related neurological diseases, such as spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Purpose To investigate the role of MYB in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of different origins and grades.Methods A total of 103 specimens of salivary gland tumors with complete pathologic data were collected from the Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University. 64 cases of ACC of the salivary gland, which included 19 cases of grade I, 27 cases of grade Ⅱ, and 18 cases of grade Ⅲ were selected as experimental group. 7 cases of exrras-alivary ACC and 32 cases of non-ACC benign and malignant tumor of salivary gland were served as control group. The MYB protein expression was detected by MYB immunohistochemical En Vision two-step staining for both experimental and control group. Results The positive expression rates of MYB in 64 cases of salivary ACC and 7 cases of extrasalivary ACC were 54.69％ (35/64) and 57.14％ (4/7), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05). The positive expression rates of MYB in 64 cases of salivary ACC and 32 cases of non-ACC salivary benign and malignant tumors were 54.69％ (35/64) and 6.25％ (2/32), respectively, which showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The positive expression rates of MYB were 68.42％ (13/19), 66.67％ (18/27) and 14.29％ (4/18) in 64 cases of salivary ACC Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively, and the difference was significant (P <0.05). The difference between grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ was not statistically significant (P> 0.016 7), while compared with grade Ⅲ, there was a statistical increase of positive expression rate of MYB in both grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P < 0.016 7). Conclusion MYB is highly expressed in grade I and Ⅱ of the salivary ACC and low expressed in grade Ⅲ. It is speculated that there may be other fusion gene mutation in salivary ACC grade Ⅲ. MYB is lowly expressed in non-ACC benign and malignant tumors of salivary gland, suggesting that MYB protein expression has a certain diagnostic value for the diagnosis of salivary ACC.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the sedative, hypnotic and antiseizure effects of the compound preparation of gardenia oil and jujube seed oil in mice and investigate the interaction of the two drugs in this preparation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The compound preparation was administered intragastrically in mice, whose spontaneous activity was observed along with their tolerance of the preparation after long-term administration. The hypnotic effect of the compound was assessed by investigating the changes in the pentobarbital sodium-induced sleeping. The compound was tested for its antiseizure effect in mice with pentetrazole-induced clonic and tonic convulsion. Diazepam was used as the standard control in all experiments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The jujube seed oil, the gardenia oil and their compound all inhibited spontaneous activities of the mice. Compared with diazepam, the compound showed slow action in producing the sedative effect, which increased gradually with prolonged drug administration without obvious drug tolerance responses. The compound and the two oils all showed synergistic action with pentobarbital sodium in inducing sleeping of the mice. Prescription study showed that the compound produced stronger sedative and hypnotic effects than either of the oils. The two oils and the compound did not show significant antiseizure effects in mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The compound of jujube seed oil and gardenia oil has sedative and hypnotic effects in mice, and the two oils in the compound show obvious synergistic effect.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Anticonvulsants , Pharmacology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Gardenia , Chemistry , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Pharmacology , Mice, Inbred ICR , Plant Oils , Pharmacology , Seeds , Chemistry , Ziziphus , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Gusongbao (GSB) on proliferation and metabolism of osteoblast cultured in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Old rats, aged 18 months, were given GSB 1.5 g/kg, twice a day for 3 days by intragastric perfusion. Blood of the rats was collected 1 hr after the final perfusion to isolate serum for preparing, with D8900 medium, the culture media containing 7.5% or 15% GSB, which was used to culture osteoblast for 24 hrs. Besides, D8900 media containing 7.5% or 15% old rats'serum without medication, containing 20 mumol/L, sodium fluoride, and simple D8900 medium were prepared for control. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT method, and the changes of Ca2+ concentration and ALP content in supernatant of culture were also observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The osteoblast proliferation cultured in GSB serum containing medium was significantly increased than those cultured in the other control media (P < 0.01), at the same time, the Ca2+ consumption increased and the ALP content elevated significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GSB could promote the DNA synthesis, increase the utilization of Ca2+ and accelerate the growth and proliferation of osteoblast.</p>