ABSTRACT
Four prenylated flavonoids compounds 1-4, named sinopodophyllines A-D, and a flavonoid glycoside (compound 13), sinopodophylliside A, together with 19 known compounds (compounds 5-12 and 14-24) were isolated from the fruits of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 1-6, 9-11, and 14-17 were tested for their cytotoxicity against human breast-cancer T47D, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro, and compounds 2, 5, 6, 10 and 11 showed significant cytotoxicity (IC values < 10 μmol·L) against T47D cells.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Berberidaceae , Chemistry , Breast Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Flavonoids , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Fruit , Chemistry , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a novel in-vitro culture device simulating distraction osteogenesis, and to understand the the changes of cytoskeleton of osteoblasts under different magnitudes of mechanical distraction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A novel in-vitro culture device simulating distraction osteogenesis was developed with titanium and silicon membrane. The expressions of F-actin cytoskeleton subjected to different magnitudes of distraction were observed in situ under a confocal laser scanning microscope, and protein levels of actin and tubulin alpha were analyzed by electrophoresis of Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mode of culture device simulating distraction osteogenesis was similar to that of distraction osteogenesis used in clinic. After 24 h mechanical distraction with physiological magnitude, F-actin of osteoblasts was organized and paralleled to the direction of distraction forces. After 24 h mechanical distraction with hyperphysiological magnitude, however, F-actin of osteoblasts became reorganized and disrupted, and protein levels of actin and tubulin alpha decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The novel in vitro culture device simulating distraction osteogenesis is suitable for the study of distraction osteogenesis in vitro. Physiological mechanical distraction causes organization and rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. However, hyperphysiological mechanical distraction results in reorganization and disruption of actin cytoskeleton.</p>