ABSTRACT
Background: The Coquimbo Region in Chile has the highest incidence of hydatidosis in central and northern Chile. Aim: To analyze the incidence of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in the Coquimbo Region between 2008 and 2012. Material and Methods: Official records of reported cases were analyzed. The association of the location, age and sex with the presence/absence of CE was analyzed by means of logistic regressions. The incidence was reported as cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Results: The mean annual incidence was 2.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, which ranged from 3.1 (2010) to 1.9 (2012) cases. The districts with higher incidence were Punitaqui (21.2 cases), Paihuano (9 cases), Rio Hurtado (8 cases), Canela (8.1 cases), Monte Patria (7.9 cases), Vicuña (6.9 cases) and Combarbalá (6.9 cases). The incidence in these locations was significantly higher than elsewhere in the region. Males had a significantly higher incidence than females (3.3 and 1.8 respectively). Incidence increased significantly with age, notably increasing after 45 years of age. Conclusions: Rural locations had the highest incidences of CE in the Coquimbo Region. The disease was reported more commonly in adults and mainly in men.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Echinococcosis/epidemiology , Rural Population , Chile/epidemiology , IncidenceABSTRACT
We surveyed users of the Hospital Comunitario de Salud Familiar El Carmen and their companions to analyze knowledge and practices regarding cystic echinococcosis and trichinellosis. Most people recognized risky practices. Previous attendance at talks and working in agricultural-livestock enhanced the knowledge. Age, sex and formal education were not associated with the knowledge. Knowledge was not associated with practices.
Introducción: La comuna de El Carmen, Región del Biobío, presenta factores de riesgo para la hidatidosis y la triquinosis, como un alto índice de pobreza, actividad principalmente agropecuaria y carencia de plantas faenadoras de animales. Método: Se analizó, a través de una encuesta a los usuarios y acompañantes del hospital de El Carmen, el conocimiento y las prácticas relacionadas con esas enfermedades. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados reconoció conductas de riesgo. La asistencia previa a charlas y el trabajo en actividades agropecuarias se asoció a mayor conocimiento de la hidatidosis y triquinosis, respectivamente. No hubo asociación entre edad, género o nivel educacional con el conocimiento de las enfermedades. Tampoco hubo asociación entre el conocimiento y las prácticas. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de mejoras educacionales, así como también intervenciones públicas, especialmente en sectores más lejanos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Trichinellosis/prevention & control , Echinococcosis/prevention & control , Socioeconomic Factors , Trichinellosis/transmission , Zoonoses/prevention & control , Zoonoses/transmission , Chile , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Echinococcosis/transmissionABSTRACT
El último caso de rabia que afectó a un joven de Quilpué, región de Valparaíso, ha generado nuevamente interés por los perros en las calles. Esto debido a los problemas que ocasionan en salud pública, como por ejemplo mordeduras, y la transmisión de zoonosis, como es el caso de la rabia. La vacunación de los perros contra la rabia es esencial para limitar la transmisión del virus. Objetivo. La siguiente revisión bibliográfica se centra en estimar la proporción de vacunación antirrábica canina en diferentes ciudades de Chile, entre los años 2002 y 2012. Metodología. Se utilizó como fuente de información solo memorias de título de alumnos de pregrado de tres universidades de Chile, relacionadas con caracterizaciones demográficas y/o aspectos sanitarios de poblaciones caninas. Resultados. Se observó un promedio de 51,4 por ciento de perros vacunados contra la rabia en estudios en que no se solicitó certificado antirrábico y un 25,1 por ciento de perros vacunados al solicitar certificado. Discusión. Analizando los porcentajes de vacunación antirrábica en perros en algunas zonas de Chile, es posible establecer que la cobertura de vacunación en estas zonas es inferior al 70 por ciento propuesto por la OIE para poblaciones caninas, lo que conlleva un riesgo en la presentación de casos de rabia en animales y humanos. Conclusión. En algunas zonas de Chile hay niveles bajos de vacunación antirrábica en perros, y en ocasiones nulo. Es necesario fomentar la tenencia responsable de animales de compañía y educar acerca de la obligatoriedad anual de la vacuna antirrábica en perros.
The last rabies case that hit a young man at Quilpué, Valparaiso region, has generated interest again for dogs that can be found in streets. This is due to the problems arising in public health, such as dog bites, and transmission of zoonoses, such as rabies. Vaccination against rabies in dogs is essential to maintain limits to the virus transmission. Objective. This review focuses on estimating the proportion of canine rabies vaccination in different cities of Chile between 2002 and 2012. Methodology. Only undergraduate students theses of three Chilean universities were used as a source of information, all related with demographic characterization and/or sanitary aspects of canine populations. Results. An average of 51,4 percent of dogs vaccinated against rabies was observed in studies that did not request rabies certificate and 25,1 percent of vaccinated dogs in studies where rabies certificate was requested. Discussion. Analyzing the percentages of rabies vaccination in dogs in some places of Chile, it is possible to establish that vaccination coverage in these areas is less than the 70 percent proposed by the OIE for dogs populations, which implies a risk of presenting rabies cases in animals and humans. Conclusion. In some areas of Chile there are low levels of rabies vaccination in dogs, sometimes being null. Is necessary to promote responsible ownership of companion animals and educate about the mandatory annual rabies vaccine in dogs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dog Diseases/prevention & control , Rabies/epidemiology , Rabies/prevention & control , Vaccination , Rabies Vaccines/administration & dosage , Chile/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Vaccination Coverage , Retrospective Studies , Vaccination/veterinary , ZoonosesABSTRACT
Background: Bacterial resistance to one or more antimicrobiak is worrisome. Aim: To determine the susceptibility to antimicrobials of Salmonella entérica isolates from animáis and food, from the Laboratory ofVeterinary Microbiology at the University of Concepción. Material andMethods: The samples were isolated according to traditional microbiological methods standardized protocols. Resistance was determined by the Kirby-Bauer method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations (2008). Results: Nine serotypes were identified among the 68 isolates. Strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics and 11 patterns of resistance were identified. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observ.ed in20.5% ofthestrains tested. The mostcommon was Oxytetracycline resistance (69.1%). Infood, the predominant serotype was S. Derby (2.9%) and S. Senftenberg (2.9%), which is commonly found infood intended for animal consumption. In samples of animal origin, the predominant serotypes were S. infantis (33.8%) and S. Group E (3.9;-;-) (23.5%). Conclusions: The frequeney of resistance found and the impending risk that these strains could reach humans through the food chain, should prompt afollow-up study ofthispathogen.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Salmonella enterica/drug effects , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Food Contamination , Food Microbiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Salmonella enterica/classification , Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification , SerotypingABSTRACT
Background: Salmonella can be isolated from the feces of seagulls. Therefore these birds can be a vector for dissemination of this pathogen. Aim: To evaluate the possible role of gulls as vectors of two important human and animal pathogens (My-cobacteria and Salmonella). Material and Methods: One hundred twenty three Kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) and 60 Franklin gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) captured off the coast of the seaport of Talcahuano, were analyzed. Using traditional microbiological methods, the presence of Mycobacteria in cloacal swabs and feet lavages, was analyzed in both types of gulls. To detect the presence of Salmonella, feces, fecal and tracheal swabs, and feet lavage were analyzed from Franklin gulls. Feces, feet lavage, intestine, spleen, liver, kidney and lung, were examined in Kelp gulls. Results: All Mycobacteria cultures were negative. Salmonella enterica cultures were positive in 25 % of Kelp gulls and 6.7 % of Franklin gulls. Four serovars were identified by serotyping. Enteritidis and Senfteberg serovars were found in both types of gulls. Anatum and Infantis serovars were found only in Kelp gulls. Feces of gulls captured during the winter had the highest yield of positive cultures (36.1%). Conclusions: Seagulls are an important Salmonella vector in Chile.