Effects of three-dimensional bioprinting antibacterial hydrogel on full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To explore the effects of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogel loaded with nano silver on full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats. Methods: The experimental research method was adopted. The morphology, particle diameter, and distribution of silver nanoparticles in nano silver solution with different mass concentrations and the pore structure of silver-containing GelMA hydrogel with different final mass fractions of GelMA were observed by scanning electron microscope and the pore size was calculated. On treatment day 1, 3, 7, and 14, the concentration of nano silver released from the hydrogel containing GelMA with final mass fraction of 15% and nano silver with final mass concentration of 10 mg/L was detected by mass spectrometer. At 24 h of culture, the diameters of inhibition zone of GelMA hydrogel containing final mass concentration of 0 (no nano silver), 25, 50, and 100 mg/L nano silver against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were detected. Fibroblasts (Fbs) and adipose stem cells (ASCs) were isolated respectively by enzymatic digestion using the discarded prepuce after circumcision from a 5-year-old healthy boy who was treated in the Department of Urology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine in July 2020, and the discarded fat tissue after liposuction from a 23-year-old healthy woman who was treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the Hospital in July 2020. The Fbs were divided into blank control group (culture medium only), 2 mg/L nano sliver group, 5 mg/L nano sliver group, 10 mg/L nano sliver group, 25 mg/L nano sliver group, and 50 mg/L nano sliver group, which were added with the corresponding final mass concentrations of nano sliver solution, respectively. At 48 h of culture, the Fb proliferation viability was detected by cell counting kit 8 method. The Fbs were divided into 0 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, 10 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, and 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group and then were correspondingly treated. On culture day 1, 3, and 7, the Fb proliferation viability was detected as before. The ASCs were mixed into GelMA hydrogel and divided into 3D bioprinting group and non-printing group. On culture day 1, 3, and 7, the ASC proliferation viability was detected as before and cell growth was observed by live/dead cell fluorescence staining. The sample numbers in the above experiments were all 3. Four full-thickness skin defect wounds were produced on the back of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 to 6 weeks. The wounds were divided into hydrogel alone group, hydrogel/nano sliver group, hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group, and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group, and transplanted with the corresponding scaffolds, respectively. On post injury day (PID) 4, 7, 14, and 21, the wound healing was observed and the wound healing rate was calculated (n=6). On PID 7 and 14, histopathological changes of wounds were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining (n=6). On PID 21, collagen deposition of wounds was observed by Masson staining (n=3). Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, Bonferroni correction, and independent sample t test. Results: The sliver nano particles in nano silver solution with different mass concentrations were all round, in scattered distribution and uniform in size. The silver-containing GelMA hydrogels with different final mass fractions of GelMA all showed pore structures of different sizes and interconnections. The pore size of silver-containing GelMA hydrogel with 10% final mass fraction was significantly larger than that of silver-containing GelMA hydrogels with 15% and 20% final mass fractions (with P values both below 0.05). On treatment day 1, 3, and 7, the concentration of nano silver released from silver-containing GelMA hydrogel in vitro showed a relatively flat trend. On treatment day 14, the concentration of released nano silver in vitro increased rapidly. At 24 h of culture, the diameters of inhibition zone of GelMA hydrogel containing 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L nano silver against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 0, 0, 0.7, and 2.1 mm and 0, 1.4, 3.2, and 3.3 mm, respectively. At 48 h of culture, the proliferation activity of Fbs in 2 mg/L nano silver group and 5 mg/L nano silver group was both significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05), and the proliferation activity of Fbs in 10 mg/L nano silver group, 25 mg/L nano silver group, and 50 mg/L nano silver group was all significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with the that of Fbs in 0 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, the proliferation activity of Fbs in 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group and 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was all significantly decreased on culture day 1 (P<0.05); the proliferation activity of Fbs in 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the proliferation activity of Fbs in 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly decreased on culture day 3 (P<0.05); the proliferation activity of Fbs in 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly decreased on culture day 7 (P<0.05). The proliferation activity of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group show no statistically significant differences to that in non-printing group on culture day 1 (P>0.05). The proliferation activity of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group was significantly higher than that in non-printing group on culture day 3 and 7 (with t values of 21.50 and 12.95, respectively, P<0.05). On culture day 1, the number of dead ASCs in 3D bioprinting group was slightly more than that in non-printing group. On culture day 3 and 5, the majority of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group and non-printing group were living cells. On PID 4, the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group had more exudation, and the wounds of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were dry without obvious signs of infection. On PID 7, there was still a small amount of exudation on the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group, while the wounds of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were dry and scabbed. On PID 14, the hydrogels on the wound surface of rats in the four groups all fell off. On PID 21, a small area of wounds remained unhealed in hydrogel alone group. On PID 4 and 7, the wound healing rates of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P<0.05). On PID 14, the wound healing rate of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group was significantly higher than the wound healing rates in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group (all P<0.05). On PID 21, the wound healing rate of rats in hydrogel alone group was significantly lower than that in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group (P<0.05). On PID 7, the hydrogels on the wound surface of rats in the four groups remained in place; on PID 14, the hydrogel in hydrogel alone group was separated from the wounds of rats, while some hydrogels still existed in the new tissue of the wounds of rats in the other three groups. On PID 21, the collagen arrangement in the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group was out of order, while the collagen arrangement in the wounds of rats in hydrogel/nano sliver group, and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group was relatively orderly. Conclusions: Silver-containing GelMA hydrogel has good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Its three-dimensional bioprinted double-layer structure can better integrate with new formed tissue in the full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats and promote wound healing.

Progress of pendrin in airway epithelia / 国际儿科学杂志

Pendrin is an electroneutral anion exchanger transporter, residing in the apical region of airway epithelium cells.It is responsible for the reabsorption of chloride(Cl -) and the exchange of bicarbonate(HCO 3－)or thiocyanate(SCN -) to the lumen.It is mainly involved in regulating the pH and thickness of airway surface liquid(ASL), mucin secretion, and airway defense, which is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the airway surface microenvironment.The expression of pendrin is significantly up-regulated in bronchial asthma, which is closely related to the pathological processes of the lung in bronchial asthma, such as airway hyperresponsiveness, neutrophil infiltration, and increased mucin secretion.Inhibiting the function of pendrin may be a new target for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with asthma / 国际儿科学杂志

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in children.One of the important reasons for its recurrent exacerbations is respiratory virus infection.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), caused by 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV), has induced a large global outbreak.However, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on asthmatic children remain unclear.This article summarizes the susceptibility of children with asthma to 2019-nCoV, the severity of asthma combined with COVID-19, treatment and management recommendations, asthma control, and the changes of mental health conditions during the uptrend period of COVID-19 epidemic.It may provide helpful evidence for clinical practice.

Mechanism of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus-Rhapontici Radix Against Breast Cancer： An Exploration Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo screen out the main targets and related signaling pathways of the herbal pair Cremastrae Pseudobulbus-Rhapontici Radix in treating breast cancer based on network pharmacology and verify their action mechanism in in vitro experiments. MethodThe main chemical components and related targets of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus-Rhapontici Radix were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and the target genes related to breast cancer from GeneCards. Following the screening of the common targets of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus-Rhapontici Radix and breast cancer using Venn， the Cremastrae Pseudobulbus-Rhapontici Radix-breast cancer network and protein-protein interaction （PPI） network were constructed. The effective targets were then subjected to gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis. The resulting outcomes were then verified by cell counting kit （CCK）-8 assay， flow cytometry， and Western blot. ResultThe screening yielded seven effective components and 61 targets of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus-Rhapontici Radix， among which 55 targets were involved in breast cancer. The GO analysis revealed 832 entries， which were mainly enriched in the biological processes. According to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis， 85 signaling pathways were obtained， including tumor suppressor p53， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）. It was verified in in vitro experiments that the alcohol extract of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus-Rhapontici Radix inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and induced their apoptosis. Compared with the blank control group and the dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO， 0.1% solvent） group， the medication groups exhibited obviously decreased absorbance in MDA-MB-231 cells （P<0.01） and increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. The results of Western blot demonstrated that compared with the blank control group and the DMSO group， each medication significantly reduced the phosphorylated （p）-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in cells （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe ethanol extract of Cremastrae Pseudobulbus-Rhapontici Radix effectively inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and induces their apoptosis， which may be related to the inhibition of the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Correlation analysis of smell and taste loss with COVID-19 outbreak trend based on big data of internet / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the correlation between loss of smell/taste and the number of real confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide based on Google Trends data, and to explore the guiding role of smell/taste loss for the COVID-19 prevention and control. Methods: "Loss of smell" and "loss of taste" related keywords were searched in the Google Trends platform, the data were obtained from Jan. 1 2019 to Jul. 11 2021. The daily and newly confirmed COVID-19 case number were collected from World Health Organization (WHO) since Dec. 30 2019. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. The correlation was finally tested by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: A total of data from 80 weeks were collected. The retrospective analysis was performed on the new trend of COVID-19 confirmed cases in a total of 186 292 441 cases worldwide. Since the epidemic of COVID-19 was recorded on the WHO website, the relative searches related to loss of smell/taste in the Google Trends platform had been increasing globally. The global relative search volumes of "loss of smell" and "loss of taste" on Google Trends was 10.23±2.58 and 16.33±2.47 before the record of epidemic while 80.25±39.81 and 80.45±40.04 after (t value was 8.67, 14.43, respectively, both P<0.001). In the United States and India, the relative searches for "loss of smell" and "loss of taste" after the record of epidemic were also much higher than before (all P<0.001). The correlation coefficients between the trend of weekly new COVID-19 cases and the Google Trends of "loss of smell" in the global, United States, and India was 0.53, 0.76, and 0.82 respectively (all P<0.001), the correlation coefficients with Google Trends of "loss of taste" was 0.54, 0.78, and 0.82 respectively (all P<0.001). The lowest and highest point of loss of smell/taste search curves of Google Trends in different periods appeared 7 to 14 days earlier than that of the weekly newly COVID-19 confirmed cases curves, respectively. Conclusions: There is a significant positive correlation between the number of newly confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and the amount of keywords, such as "loss of smell" and "loss of taste", retrieved in Google Trends. The trend of big data based on Google Trends might predict the outbreak trend of COVID-19 in advance.

Efficacy of medicinal penetration on acupoint as adjunctive therapy on histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis of heat-toxin syndrome: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of medicinal penetration on acupoint combined with medication for histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) of heat-toxin syndrome, and to explore the methods of improving the clinical effect.@*METHODS@#A total of 72 cases with HNL with heat-toxin syndrome were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 36 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of prednisone tablets for 40 days (first 5 days: 10 mg, three times a day; since then, reduced by 5 mg every 7 days). In the observation group, on the basis of the medication in the control group, the patients were treated with acupoint application and ultrasonic drug penetration therapy, once a day for 14 days. The acupoints of Waiguan (TE 5), Fengchi (GB 20) of affected side and points were selected. The changes of target lymph node swelling, visual analogue score (VAS), axillary temperature and total score of symptoms and signs were evaluated before treatment and 7, 14, 28 and 40 d into treatment; the changes of white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated on 14 d and 40 d into treatment; the patients were followed-up for half a year.@*RESULTS@#① Fourteen days into treatment, the clinical cured rate in the observation group was 38.9% (14/36), which was superior to 16.7% (6/36) in the control group (0.05). ④ The recurrence rate in the observation group was 5.6% (2/36), which was similar to 16.7% (6/36) in the control group (>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The medicinal penetration on acupoint as adjunctive treatment could effectively relieve the discomfort symptoms of HNL patients with syndrome of heat and toxin, improve the clinical cured rate, and provide the research direction for shortening the course of medication.

Intervention Effect of Kidney-tonifying and Essence-filling Therapy on Hippocampal Autophagy in Kidney-deficiency Alzheimer Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of Liuwei Dihuangwan on the improvement of autophagy level of hippocampal neurons in mice with kidney deficiency Alzheimer' s disease (AD) and its partial mechanism, in order to explore part of therapeutic mechanisms of kidney-tonifying and essence-filling therapy for AD. Method:Healthy male C57-B6 mice were divided into control group, AD group, kidney deficiency AD group and Liuwei Dihuangwan group(1.08 g·kg-1). The control group and the AD group were subcutaneously injected with normal saline (15 mL·kg-1) daily, and the kidney deficiency AD group and the Liuwei Dihuangwan group were subcutaneously injected with hydrocortisone injection (15 mL·kg-1) daily for 20 consecutive days. On the 21st day, the other three groups were injected with 6 μg amyloid beta protein 25-35(Aβ25-35) in the lateral ventricle, while the control group was injected with sterile saline into the lateral ventricle. The levels of serum cortisol and testosterone in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the morphological changes in hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscopy, the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) was detected by immunofluorescence, and the expression of selective autophagic junction protein (p62) was detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with normal group, serum cortisol and testosterone levels in AD group and kidney deficiency AD group were significantly reduced (PPPPPPPPPConclusion:Kidney-tonifying and essence-filling therapy can protect hippocampal neurons, increase LC3 expression in hippocampal neurons, decrease p62 expression level and increase autophagy level of hippocampal neurons. It has a certain therapeutic effect on kidney-deficiency Alzheimer' s disease.

Current status and progress of applications in the management of bronchial asthma in children / 国际儿科学杂志

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the application of mobile APP in the management of children′s bronchial asthmahas become a new trend.Compared with the methods of traditional asthma management, mobile APP management is convenient and provide efficient record of diary data, visualization of disease assessment, timely medical treatment feedback, treatment reminders, early warnings of risk factors and other benefits.However, the current application status of APP is still far from the expected artificial intelligence goal, and continuous practice and optimization are needed.This paper compared and analyzed existing asthma self-management APPs at home and abroad, from the aspects of disease records and assessment, health education knowledge, user communication, intelligent reminders, consultancy question answer system, guidance of life, health malls and medical records database.It summarizes the problems of the mainstream childhood asthma self-management APP, points out the future improvement of APP, and provids a basis for the breakthrough of the new model of childhood asthma management in the internet age.

Computational investigation of Artemisia pollen deposition in realistic nasal cavities of residents in northwest China / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the deposition rate of Artemisia pollen in different nasal cavity regions and its influence factors in residents of northwest China.@*Methods@#Thirty healthy adults from northwest China were enrolled. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete phase model (DPM) were used for numerical simulation of nasal structures. The pollen deposition fraction in each anatomical part was counted and the effects of pollen density and breathing rate on deposition were analyzed. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The hottest deposition parts of Artemisia pollen were nasal septum (30.70%±12.27%), vestibule (27.45%±8.21%), middle turbinate area (13.59%±8.98%) and nasopharynx (7.14%±5.90%). When the inspiratory flow rate increased to 30 L/min, the deposition rates of pollen in nasal vestibule and nasal septum were significantly higher than that at the rate of 15 L/min (43.20%±11.14% vs 27.45%±8.21%, 51.48%±9.77% vs 30.70%±12.27%, t value was -8.126,-5.264, respectively, all P<0.05), which indicated that with the increase of the inspiratory flow rate, the deposition hotspot moved forward. Compared with the wet Artemisia pollen, the deposition rate of the dry pollen in nasal vestibule and nasal septum decreased significantly (16.55%±4.33% vs 27.45%±8.21%, 7.09%±3.69% vs 30.70%±12.27%, t value was 8.669, 9.173, respectively, all P<0.05). The escape rate at outlet increased from 17.00%±9.57% to 43.48%±13.43% (t=-9.282, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The deposition of Artemisia pollen in nasal cavity is highly concentrated. The inhalation velocity and the dry-wet degree of pollen are the main determinants of the deposition site.

Current status and progress of applications in the management of bronchial asthma in children / 国际儿科学杂志

With the rapid development of Internet technology, the application of mobile APP in the management of children's bronchial asthmahas become a new trend. Compared with the methods of traditional asthma management, mobile APP management is convenient and provide efficient record of diary data, visual-ization of disease assessment, timely medical treatment feedback, treatment reminders, early warnings of risk factors and other benefits. However, the current application status of APP is still far from the expected artificial intelligence goal, and continuous practice and optimization are needed. This paper compared and analyzed exist-ing asthma self-management APPs at home and abroad, from the aspects of disease records and assessment, health education knowledge, user communication, intelligent reminders, consultancy question answer system, guidance of life, health malls and medical records database. It summarizes the problems of the mainstream childhood asthma self-management APP, points out the future improvement of APP, and provids a basis for the breakthrough of the new model of childhood asthma management in the internet age.

Progress and prospects of application of Children Asthma Action Plan / 国际儿科学杂志

The Children Asthma Action Plan is a personalized asthma management document devel-oped by clinicians for children with asthma. It can help school and their parents identify early signs of acute asth-ma attacks and take appropriate measures to prevent or reduce the serious deterioration of asthma. It can reduce the number of acute episodes of children, the number of emergency medical visits, the absence days of children and missing work days of parents, improve medication compliance, enhance the confidence of disease treat-ment, and thus improve the control level of asthma. However, in clinical practice, the application of the Chil-dren Asthma Action Plan is not ideal. This review summarizes the specific meanings, contents and forms of evo-lution, the purpose and significance of implementation, and the common problems and solutions in the promotion.

Air pollution and childhood asthma / 国际儿科学杂志

Air pollution plays an important role in the occurrence and development of childhood asthma and is one of the risk factors of asthma.In daily life,there are a great variety of air pollutants.They have a wide range of sources.They can increase the risk of asthma onset and acute exacerbations,impair the lung function of children,lead to immunologic derangement,enhance allergenicity and reduce the responsiveness to treatment via various mechanisms and signal pathways.Age,gender,obesity,sensitization,antioxidants supplement,protective measures and other factors impose the adverse effects of pollutants on the children.Although some progress has been made in the research of air pollution and asthma in children,many problems are still needed to be further explored.This review summarizes the common air pollutants on the initiation and evolution of childhood asthma.

Distribution characteristics of serum specific IgE for inhaled allergens in children with different airway allergic diseases / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution characteristics of serum specific IgE (sIgE) for inhaled allergens in children with different airway allergic diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the UniCAP250 system was performed to measure serum sIgE for 9 common inhaled allergens in 256 children aged 3-14 years with different airway allergic diseases. According to the clinical diagnosis, these children were divided into rhinitis group (37 children with allergic rhinitis), asthma group (82 children with bronchial asthma), and rhinitis-asthma group (137 children with allergic rhinitis complicated by bronchial asthma). The three groups were compared in terms of the detection rates of 9 inhaled allergens, sensitization level, and number of allergens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The detection rate of serum sIgE for inhaled allergens was 57.3% (47/82) in the asthma group, 86.5% (32/37) in the rhinitis group, and 82.5% (113/137) in the rhinitis-asthma group (P<0.05). The most common allergen in the asthma, rhinitis, and the rhinitis-asthma groups was mould fungi (32.9%, 54.1%, and 48.9% respectively), followed by dust mites (30.5%, 45.9%, and 46.0% respectively), pollen (26.8%, 35.1%, and 32.8% respectively), pets (12.2%, 27.0%, and 18.2% respectively), and cockroach (9.8%, 5.4%, and 5.8% respectively). The rhinitis group and the rhinitis-asthma group had a significantly higher detection rate of mould fungi (mx2) than the asthma group (P<0.0166). There were no significant differences in the sensitization level of 9 allergens and number of allergens between the three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In children with either bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, or bronchial asthma complicated by allergic rhinitis, the three most common inhaled allergens are mould fungi, dust mites, and pollens. Compared with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis may be more closely associated with sensitization by mould fungi. The three common airway allergic diseases have similar distribution characteristics of inhaled allergens.</p>

Changes in percentage and function of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with hay fever / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the changes in percentage and function of CD4+CD25+regu-latory T cells ( Tregs) in peripheral blood of patients with hay fever. Methods A total of 20 patients with hay fever, 20 patients with house dust mite-induced allergic asthma and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all subjects to isolate PBMCs. Percentages of Tregs in PBMCs were measured by flow cytometry. CD4+CD25+ Tregs and CD4+CD25-T cells ( Teffs) were isola-ted by immunomagnetic cell sorting. Effects of CD4+CD25+Tregs on the proliferation of Teffs were evaluated by MTT assay. Expression of Foxp3 and TGF-β1 at mRNA level was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results During the pollen season, the percentage of circulating Tregs in patients with hay fever [(1. 82+0. 82)％] was sig-nificantly lower than that in patients with house dust mite-induced allergic asthma [(2. 96±1. 34)％] and health subjects [(5. 78±2. 29)％] (both P<0. 05). Expression of Foxp3 at mRNA level was significantly reduced in patients with hay fever (0. 46±0. 25) as compared with that of the house dust mite-induced aller-gic asthma (0. 64±0. 31) and healthy control (1. 04±0. 21) groups (both P<0. 05). Expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA level in both hay fever (0. 34±0. 27) and house dust mite-induced allergic asthma (0. 43±0. 31) groups was lower than that of the healthy control group (0. 99±0. 34). Treg-mediated suppression of Teff proliferation was significantly decreased in patients with hay fever [(17. 1±8. 4)％] as compared with that in patients with house dust mite-induced allergic asthma [(21. 4±9. 1)％]) and healthy subjects [(36. 0± 13. 9)％] (P<0. 05). Conclusion Decreased percentage and defective function of Tregs might be one of the major causes for the occurrence and development of hay fever in children during the pollen season.

Changes in percentage and function of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with hay fever / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the changes in percentage and function of CD4+CD25+regu-latory T cells ( Tregs) in peripheral blood of patients with hay fever. Methods A total of 20 patients with hay fever, 20 patients with house dust mite-induced allergic asthma and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all subjects to isolate PBMCs. Percentages of Tregs in PBMCs were measured by flow cytometry. CD4+CD25+ Tregs and CD4+CD25-T cells ( Teffs) were isola-ted by immunomagnetic cell sorting. Effects of CD4+CD25+Tregs on the proliferation of Teffs were evaluated by MTT assay. Expression of Foxp3 and TGF-β1 at mRNA level was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results During the pollen season, the percentage of circulating Tregs in patients with hay fever [(1. 82+0. 82)％] was sig-nificantly lower than that in patients with house dust mite-induced allergic asthma [(2. 96±1. 34)％] and health subjects [(5. 78±2. 29)％] (both P<0. 05). Expression of Foxp3 at mRNA level was significantly reduced in patients with hay fever (0. 46±0. 25) as compared with that of the house dust mite-induced aller-gic asthma (0. 64±0. 31) and healthy control (1. 04±0. 21) groups (both P<0. 05). Expression of TGF-β1 at mRNA level in both hay fever (0. 34±0. 27) and house dust mite-induced allergic asthma (0. 43±0. 31) groups was lower than that of the healthy control group (0. 99±0. 34). Treg-mediated suppression of Teff proliferation was significantly decreased in patients with hay fever [(17. 1±8. 4)％] as compared with that in patients with house dust mite-induced allergic asthma [(21. 4±9. 1)％]) and healthy subjects [(36. 0± 13. 9)％] (P<0. 05). Conclusion Decreased percentage and defective function of Tregs might be one of the major causes for the occurrence and development of hay fever in children during the pollen season.

Correlation between TCM syndrome types and clinical symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia with chronic prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the correlation between the syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and clinical symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with chronic prostatitis (BPH-CP).@*METHODS@#We selected 150 cases of BPH-CP in this study and divided them into 7 TCM syndrome types. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, we studied the correlation of each TCM syndrome type with the age, disease course, prostate volume, postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), and International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS).@*RESULTS@#Kidney-yin deficiency was correlated positively with the prostate volume but negatively with Qmax and IPSS; kidney-yang deficiency positively with the age and prostate volume but negatively with IPSS; the damp heat syndrome positively with the PSA level but negatively with the disease course, prostate volume and Qmax; the spleen-qi deficiency syndrome positively with the prostate volume but negatively with the disease course; liver-qi stagnation positively with the disease course but negatively with the age, prostate volume and PVR; the syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis positively with the disease course and IPSS but negatively with PVR; the syndrome of lung-heat and qi blockage positively with the age, Qmax and IPSS but negatively with the disease course.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The TCM syndrome types of BPH-CP are closely correlated to their clinical symptoms. The analysis of the clinical objective indexes of BPH-CP can provide some reliable evidence for accurate identification of the TCM syndrome type of the disease.

Dynamic changes in Th17/Treg balance among children with seasonal allergic rhinitis / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the levels and significance of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of children with allergic rhinitis during pollen and non-pollen seasons.Methods Thirteen children with hay fever, 10 children with house dust mite(HDM)-allergic asthma and 10 healthy children were recruited into this study.Percentages of Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry.Levels of IL-17, IL-10 and TGF-β in cell culture supernatants were measured by ELISA.Results (1) The percentages of Th17 cells in children with allergic rhinitis [(3.4±2.4)%] were significantly higher than those in HDM-allergic asthmatics [(2.1±1.6)%] and those in healthy children [(0.5±0.3)%] during pollen season (both P<0.05).The levels of Treg cells in allergic rhinitis group [(2.1±1.3)%] and in HDM-allergic asthma group [(3.6±1.9)%] were significantly lower than those in healthy control group [(5.5±2.8)%] (both P<0.05).The levels of Th17 cells [(3.0±1.9)% vs (3.4±2.4)%, P<0.05] and ratios of Th17/Treg cells [(1.4±1.0)% vs (1.7±1.5)%, P<0.05] in children with allergic rhinitis were significantly decreased during non-pollen season as compared with those during pollen season, but the levels of Treg cells were up-regulated [(2.4±1.6)% vs (2.1±1.3)%, P<0.05].(2) Correlation analysis revealed that the ratios of Th17/Treg cells were positively correlated with the concentrations of FeNO (fractional concentration of exhaled NO) (r=0.321, P<0.05) and the counts of circulating eosinophils (r=0.198, P<0.05) in children with allergic rhinitis during pollen season.Conclusion The imbalanced Th17 and Treg cells in children with allergic rhinitis during pollen season might play a vital role in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation.

Therapeutic Effect of Combined Cytokines on Nonhuman Primate Model of Severe Haemopoietic Acute Radiation Sickness / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effects of combined administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) on radiation-induced severe haemopoietic acute radiation sickness (ARS) in rhesus monkeys, so as to provide experimental evidences for the effective clinical treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventeen rhesus monkeys were exposed to 7.0 Gy (60)Co γ-ray total body irradiation (TBI) to establish severe haemopoietic ARS model, and were randomly divided into supportive care group, rhG-CSF+rhTPO treatment group and rhG-CSF+rhTPO+rhIL-2 treatment group. Survival time, general signs such as bleeding and infections, and peripheral blood cell counts in each group were monitored. Bone marrow cells were cultivated to examine the colony formation ability. The histomorphology changes of bone marrow were observed at 45 d post irradiation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 7.0 Gy (60)Co γ-ray TBI, monkeys of supportive care group underwent tarry stool and emesis, then died in 12~18 d. The overall survival rate in this group was 16.7%. Gastrointestinal reactions of monkeys in two combined-cytokines treatment groups were inapparent. Combined-cytokines treatment induced 100% survival. Complete blood cells declined sharply after irradiation in each group, but two combined-cytokines treatment schemes could elevate the nadir of all blood cells, shorten the duration of pancytopenia and accelerate the recovery of hemogram. Compared with rhG-CSF+ rhTPO treatment, rhG-CSF+ rhTPO+ rhIL-2 treatment could increase the counts of lymphocytes and monocytes. The colony-formation rate of haemopoietic stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow dropped markedly at 2 d after irradiation. Combined-cytokines treatment promoted the ability of colony formation on day 29. Hematopoietic cells mostly disappeared in bone marrow of animals in supportive care group, but hematopoietic functions were recovered after cytokines were administrated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>rhG-CSF+ rhTPO and rhG-CSF+ rhTPO+ rhIL-2 treatment can significantly promote hematopoiesis recovery, improve the quantity of life, simplify the supportive therapy, and enhance the survival rate of rhesus monkeys with severe haemopoietic ARS induced by 7.0 Gy (60)Co γ-ray exposure. Especially the application of rhIL-2 can accelerate the recovery of lymphocytes and monocytes and restore the immunological function. Thus, combination of rhG-CSF, rhTPO and rhIL-2 on the basis of supportive care is an efficient strategy to treat severe haemopoietic ARS.</p>

Study on IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 gene expression in liver of young rats with intermittent hypoxia / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:Using the model of young rats with intermittent hypoxia, to study the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in liver, and to provide objective evidence for the possible existence of growth retardation in children with OSAHS. Method:Divided 24 rats randomly into three groups, as control group and the mild and severe hypoxia group. Normally fed control group, without treatment, the other two groups were kept in the cabin has been simulated mild and severe intermittent hypoxia conditions of OSAHS in children. 8-hour day cycle of intermittent hypoxia, a total of 35 days. To the last day, animals were sacrificed and fresh liver tissues were fixed in liquid nitrogen, stored in the -80°C refrigerator, then took the molecular biology experiment of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in the liver. Result:The expression of IGF-1 mRNA in liver, semi-quantitative analysis showed that the difference of mRNA expression of IGF-1 among the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), pairwise comparison, mild hypoxia group was higher than control and severe group, there were significant differences (P<0.05), the control group and severe hypoxia had no significant difference (P>0.05). The expression of IGFBP-3 mRNA in liver showed that, differences between the three groups was not significant (P>0.05). IGF-1 expression in liver tissue analysis showed that, differences between the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), pairwise comparisons, its expression in the control group was lower than mild hypoxia group and severe group, there were significant differences (P<0.05), mild hypoxia and severe hypoxia group had no significant difference (P>0.05). IGFBP-3 expression in liver tissue analysis showed that, differences between the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), pairwise comparisons, the control group was higher than mild and severe hypoxic group, there were significant differences (P<0.05), mild hypoxia and severe hypoxia group had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion:IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in the liver of mild hypoxia group, severe hypoxic group and control group showed that their transcription levels and the severity of hypoxia had no significant correlation.

Study on Pharmacokinetics of Nintedanib in Rabbits / 中国药师

Objective:To develop an HPLC method for the determination of nintedanib in rabbit plasma and study the pharmacoki-netics of nintedanib in rabbits. Methods:The separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column. A mixture of acetoni-trile-0. 1% trifluoroacetic acid-water (35∶ 20∶ 45) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 286 nm. Carbamazepine was used as the internal standard and nintedanib was extracted by ethyl acetate from plasma under basic condition. Totally 6 rabbits were given 20 mg·kg-1 nintedanib with intravenous administration. The blood samples were collected from the auricular vein at different time points after the administration. The concentration of nintedanib in plasma was detected by the HPLC method. The pharmacokinetics parameters were analyzed by DAS program. Results: An excellent linear rela-tionship was obtained within the range of 0. 05-10. 00 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 8). The intra-day RSD was 5. 55%, 4. 53% and 2. 74%and inter-day RSD was 6. 15%, 5. 45% and 3. 15%, respectively for the three concentrations(0. 10, 2. 50 and 7. 50μg·ml-1), and the relative recovery was (98. 50 ± 5. 47)%, (100. 25 ± 4. 54)% and (99. 94 ± 2. 74)%, respectively. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of nintedanib were as follows: Cmaxwas (3.01 ±0.35) μg·ml-1, t1/2 was (4.38 ±1.53) h and AUC0-t was (11.67 ± 1. 71) μg·h·ml-1 . Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid and accurate, and can be used to determine the nintedanib concentra-tion in rabbit plasma and study its pharmacokinetics. Nintedanib is fitted the first-order elimination kinetics in rabbits.