ABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a combination of multiple risk factors that increases an individual chance of developing cardiovascular or type II diabetes mellitus and most of people with metabolic syndrome have Insulin resistance, which elevates the risk of developing Type II diabetes mellitus. While the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and each of its components is complex and not well understood, central obesity and insulin resistance are acknowledged as important causative factors. Most scrutinized literature was collected from different sources including PubMed. This study was carried out at Govt. Chhattisgarh Institute of medical sciences Bilaspur. Aim: To compare the incidence of progression of metabolic syndrome into type II diabetes mellitus in patient who were put on one of the following treatments along with lifestyle modification :- Metformin, Chromium Piconilate ,Vitamin –D3 and Niacin (Vitamin. - B3). Methods: The objective of this study recruited 250 patient, aged between 35 to 60 years, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of Metabolic syndrome as per study design. Results: 250 Participants was enrolled during 3 years of the study. 125 (50 %) male and 125 (50 %) Female were found metabolic syndrome. A total (8%) of patient were found incidence of progression of metabolic syndrome into Type II Diabetes Mellitus. In different group as Metformin group-(0%), Niacin group (6%), Vit-D3 group (0%), Chromium Piconilate group (16 %) and (18%) in the lifestyle modification group. Conclusions: Metformin and Vit- D3 can reverse the effects of metabolic syndrome due to its broad effects on many of the components of metabolic syndrome; thus preventing diabetes and heart disease.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Present study was conducted to find out currenttrend of drug prescribing of antihypertensive drugs prescribedeither as monotherapy or in combinations. As well as variationswere seen in prescribing drugs with regards to the age, sex.Materials & Methods: An observational, prospective, crosssectional study involving 120 prescriptions for patients ofessential hypertension was conducted in the outpatientdepartment of Medicine SGT Medical Hospital, Faculty ofMedicine and Health Sciences, Gurugram. The blood pressure(BP) measurement was done at the time of enrolment andother patient information like demographics and the drugdetails were recorded in Performa sheet. Data obtained wereanalyzed and expressed in percentage.Results: 71 males and 49 female of essential hypertensionpatients were included in study. Most of patients were in theage group of 40 -49 years constituting 72.5 % of total 120patients. 52 patients were on mono therapy 64 (53%) ofpatents were put on Dual therapy and few patients 4 (3.33%)were on Triple therapy. Out of 52 patients those were on monotherapy maximum patients were put on angiotensin receptorblocker (38.46%) and 11.54% of patients were takingAngiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. 64 patients wereprescribed with Dual therapy. Out of these 46.9% of patientswere prescribed with ARB + Diuretics and nearly 2% patientswere on ARB + β blocker combination therapy. Only fourpatients were taking Triple therapy, 50% of patients were onCCB + ARB + Diuretics and 50% were on CCB + ACEI +Diuretics.Conclusions: Hypertension is more prevalent in male patientsthan female patients. ARBs (38.46%) were the most commonsingle drugs used for most of the uncomplicated essentialhypertension followed by CCBs (36.54%) ARB prescription asmonotherapy may be increases because of few or minimal sideeffects caused by them. Most common mode of treatment ofhypertension was Dual therapy or triple therapy combinationtherapy fixed dose combinations (56%). In the FDCs ARB +Diuretics (48%) were most preferred combination for treatmentof hypertension then CCB + β blocker (30%) and only 9% ofpatients were treated on ACEI based FDCs. Only 44% ofpatients were prescribed with drugs mentioned in the nationallist of essential medicine (NLEM). Prescribing drug from NLEMshould be encouraged to reduce the burden of treatment coston the patients. ARB were the most preferred drug for thetreatment of hypertension may be because of low toxicity andfewer side effect, easily available in the market.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diarrhoea is described as three or more loose orwatery stools a day. Infection commonly causes acuteDiarrhoea. Noninfectious etiologies are more common as theduration of Diarrhoea becomes chronic. Hence; under the lightof above mentioned data, we planned the present study assessand compare the efficacy of various treatment modalities in theTreating diarrhoea patients.Materials & Methods: A total of 160 patients with diarrhoeawere included in the present study. All the patients werebroadly divided into four study groups with 40 patients in eachgroup: group 1- patients who were given Nitazoxanide therapywhile group 2- included patients who were given metronidazoletherapy, group 3- patients who were given cefixime therapy,and group 4 – patients who were given norfloxacin therapy.Stool samples were obtained from patients of both the studygroups for assessing the effectiveness of treatment therapy.Both clinical and microbiological success was recorded. All theresults were recorded and analysed by SPSS software.Results: Clinical success was recorded in 95 percent of thepatients of group 1 and it was recorded in 97.5 percent ofthe patients of group 2. Microbiological and clinical successamong subjects of group 3 was 90 percent and 92.5 percentrespectively. Microbiological and clinical success amongsubjects of group 4 was 92.5 percent and 92.5 percentrespectively. Non-significant results were obtained whilecomparing the efficacy of both the antibiotics in treatingdiarrhoea patients.Conclusion: All the antibiotics can be used with equal efficacyin treating diarrhoea patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and its life-long management causes burden on lifestyle and financial condition of the patients. Drug utilization studies provide useful insights into the current prescribing practices.Methods: To evaluate the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients. A prospective observational study was carried out in adult diabetic patients visiting the Wards and Outpatient Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care hospital. The demographic data and utilization of different classes of anti-diabetic agents as well as individual drugs were analyzed.Results: In 125 patients (Male-65, Female-60), a total of 379 drugs (average 3.032±2.05) were used per day, out of which 76 (20.05%) were rational fixed dose combinations (FDCs) and 261 (68.86%) were prescribed from National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2015. The number of drugs prescribed to be ingested was 326 (86.01%) and 63 (16.62%) were injectables.Conclusions: It was found that the prescription tendencies of the doctors were quite rational. More improvement can be done by sensitizing them to prescribe more drugs from NLEM. The limitations in the affordability of rural population should be taken care of while prescribing drugs for this chronic disease.