ABSTRACT
Serial sectioning of the axillary lymph nodes from lymph node-negative breast cancer patients is presented. All patients were admitted between 1997-1998 and underwent mastectomy and axillary node dissection. The histological examination revealed micrometastases in 5 (10%) of 50 breast cancer subjects. The detection of these micrometastases in lymph nodes may identify a high-risk node-negative population. The time and money that was spent to detect the micrometastases was too high to perform it in every case. The clinician should be aware of the occult micrometastases in node-negative cases.
Subject(s)
Axilla , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology , Female , Histological Techniques , Humans , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymphatic MetastasisABSTRACT
Paraffin embedded tissues from twenty Thai patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were studied for K-ras gene mutations at codon 12, 13 and 61 and for p53 gene mutations in exon 5 to 8 using polymerase chain reaction and thermal cycle sequencing. Results showed that point mutations at these regions in K-ras oncogene were not present in all the samples. One case harbored a p53 gene mutation in codon 282 in exon 8, CGG (arginine) to TGG (tryptophan), but the mutation was not found in other patient's tissues with similar histological features.
Subject(s)
Adult , Bile Duct Neoplasms/genetics , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology , Cholangiocarcinoma/genetics , Female , Genes, p53/genetics , Genes, ras/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Polymerase Chain Reaction , ThailandABSTRACT
The prevalence of HPV infection detected by cytology examination in this study (1990) was 2.26 per cent, in which 50.18 per cent of them were HPV infection alone and 49.82 per cent were HPV infection coexisted with abnormal Pap smears. This viral infection was detected in all age groups but was highest in the age, between 40 to 44 years, and lowest in the age group older than 65 years. It was also noted that, 25.98 per cent of CIN (252 out of 970) and 4.56 percent of carcinoma (19 out of 417) showing morphologic cell changes due to HPV infection with the average number of cell changes indicating this viral infection in 19.54 per cent of all abnormal Pap smears (271 from 1,387).