The Anatomical Study Of Mitral Valve Annulus In The Human Cadaveric Hearts For Bioprosthesis

Introduction: The unimpeded forward flow of blood across the mitral orifice depends upon a coordinatedinteraction between the mitral annulus, leaflets, chordae tendinae & papillary muscle. Knowledge about thenormal anatomy of mitral valve annular morphometry is important for assessing the valve pathologies and alsoin valve replacement surgery for a deceased valveMaterials and methods: 50 heart of embalmed adult human cadaver of both sex aged between 20-70 years weretaken from the department of anatomy, VIMS & RC. Parameters measured were annular diameter, circumference,area of mitral valve by using vernier caliper, measuring scale, cotton thread & magnifying lens.Results: In the present study mean value of mitral valve were, circumference of mitral valve was 8.19±1.01cm inmales, 7.76±0.99 cms in females, diameter was 3.10±0.40 cm in males & 3.26±0.48 cm in females, area of mitralvalve was 5.45±1.34 cm2in males & 4.89±1.20 cm2 in females. All the parameters of mitral valve annulus likecircumference, diameter & area of valve was more in males except in females the diameter was more. There wasno significant difference between male & female values of mitral valve annulus.Conclusion: Knowledge of normal measurements of the component parts of the mitral valve is essential for thesurgeon during operation to assess the exact mechanical reason for valve insufficiency & in development &manufacture of prostheses for valvuloplasty

In vitro antioxidant activity of the individual herbs of DIA-2, a herbal mixture containing standardized extracts of Allium sativum and Lagerstroemia speciosa.

Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress is one of the main mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Use of antioxidants as an adjuvant therapeutic approach in diabetes could prevent or delay the progression of oxidative stress induced diabetic complications. Many herbal drugs possess multiple pharmacological actions like anti-hyperglycemic, anti-obesity and anti-oxidant properties etc., which could act through multiple pathways and may offer beneficial effect in the management of multi-factorial diseases such as diabetes. Development of herbal formulation with ingredients having multiple actions could be a potential approach for improving therapeutic efficacy. We here report the free radical scavenging activity of a herbal mixture, DIA-2 and its individual herbs. DIA-2, a herbal formulation containing fixed combination of standardized aqueous extracts of Allium sativum (ASE) bulbs and Lagerstroemia speciosa (LSE) leaves. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether a combination of ASE and LSE shows a synergistic antioxidant effect than its individual herbs. In vitro antioxidant activity for individual herbs and DIA-2 was determined by DPPH radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging assay, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power assay and ABTS radical scavenging methods respectively. Our results suggest that DIA-2 could synergistically enhance the antioxidant activity and could be attributed due to the synergistic actions of the individual ingredients. The data obtained suggests the combined use of ASE and LSE as active ingredients in the development of antidiabetic herbal formulation, synergizing its therapeutic value in treating hyperglycemia and associated oxidative stress.

Sesame oil enhances endogenous antioxidants in ischemic myocardium of rat

The present study was designed to evaluate the potency of antioxidant activity of sesame oil in-vitro model of myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury of rat. Sesame oil was administered orally to Wistar albino rats (180-200 g) in two different doses (n=6), by gastric gavage at a dose of 5 mL/kg b.w. (S1) and 10 mL/kg b.w (S2) daily for thirty days. Control and sesame oil treated rat hearts were subjected to invitro global ischemic reperfusion injury (5 min perfusion, 9 min noflow and 12 min reperfusion). A significant rise in TBARS and decrease of GSH, catalase, LDH, CK and AST occurred in the hearts subjected to in-vitro myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury indicate the myocardial damage through oxidative stress. In sesame oil treated rats there was a significant decrease in TBARS and significant increase in endogenous antioxidants and myocardial marker enzymes in all the groups. In 10 mL/kg treatment group, a significant rise in the levels of GSH, SOD and catalase were observed with marker enzymes, and it shows better recovery profile than the other groups subjected to in-vitro ischemic reperfusion injury. In histological studies, control rats which subjected to IR injury show extensive myocardial damage and all the treatment groups, shows preserved myocardium. The effect of sesame oil was compared with reference compound captopril. The present study demonstrates that the sesame oil treated by the dose 10 mL/kg augments endogenous antioxidant compounds of the rat heart and also prevents the myocardium from in-vitro model of myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.

Antitumour Activity of Methanolic Extract of Plumeria alba L. Leaves against Dalton Lymphoma Ascites in Mice

Purpose: To evaluate Plumeria alba leaves for antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and Dalton lymphoma ascites (DLA) bearing Swiss albino mice. Method: The antitumour activity of the methanolic extract of Plumeria alba leaves (MPA) was evaluated against EAC and DLA using in-vitro cytotoxic and mean survival time; a decrease in the tumour volume and viable cell count in the DLA tumour hosts. The animal was observed for improvement in the haematological parameters (e.g.; heamoglobin content; red and white blood cells count; and differential cell count) following MPA treatment of the tumour bearing mice. Results: MPA was found to be cytotoxic in the in-vitro model. Intraperitoneal administration of MPA increased the survival time; dead cell count haematological parameters and solid tumour mass was also significantly reduced. Conclusion: MPA possesses significant antitumour activity

Antiulcer effect of trichosanthes anguina against gastric ulcers in rats

The effect of alcoholic extract of Trichosanthes anguina was investigated in rats to evaluate antiulcer activity by using pyloric ligation and aspirin induced ulcer models. The parameters taken for antiulcer activity were volume of gastric secretion, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index. The results indicate the alcoholic extract significantly [p<0.001] decreased the volume of gastric acid secretion, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index with respect to control

Anti-steroidogenic activity of floral extract of Thespesia populnea Corr. in mouse ovary.

Anti-steroidogenic activity of various extracts of T. populnea was screened in female albino mice. The weight of the uterus and ovaries were reduced significantly and the cholesterol and ascorbic acid content in ovaries were significantly elevated due to the treatment with extract of T. populnea. The significant inhibition of delta 5, 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the two key enzymes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis were also observed in mouse ovaries after 15 days of treatment.

Dissolution studies on tablets of ibuprofen using chitosan.

An attempt has been made to study the release retardant behaviour of chitosan in ibuprofen tablets. Three different ibuprofen tablets were prepared by using 1,3 and 5% chitosan paste. In vitro evaluations were carried out by using dissolution testing apparatus U.S.P (XXI). The dissolution pattern indicated the role of chitosan in sustained release. Bioavailability studies in male beagle dogs clearly showed the sustained nature of release from chitosan based ibuprofen tablet as compared to conventional ibuprofen marketed formulation. Potential use of chitosan as a new matrix forming material for sustained release preparation has been examined. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, has structural characteristics similar to glycosamino glycons. Chitosan has been shown to be non-toxic and biodegradable. It is inexpensive and has been explored in the present investigation as a release retarding agent in ibuprofen tablets.