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Aim To explore the effect of salidroside on the learning and memory ability of mice under high altitude hypoxia. Methods Forty-eight C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into plain control group, plateau model group and salidroside group according to their body weight, with 16 mice in each group. The animals in each group were given prophylactic doses for three days and then rushed to a plateau with an altitude of 4 010 m. After one day of hypoxia exposure, Morris water maze was performed to test the learning and memory ability of mice; malondialdehyde(MDA), hydrogen peroxide(H
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Hie high altitude hypoxic environment affects the pharmacokinetic process of rlnjgs by changing the body's gastrointestinal emptying rate, organ blood flow, drug plasma protein binding rate, dnjg metabolizing enzymes and transporter expression.Epilepsy is a brain disease that requires long-term medication.Most anti-epileptic drugs have a low therapeutic index and a narrow range of effective blood drug concentrations.'Ilierapeu- tic dnjg monitoring (TDM) is commonly used clinically to find the best individualized medication method for antiepileptic dnjgs.rI1iis article summarizes the commonly used anti-epileptic dnjgs and their treatment windows in clinical practice, and analyzes the influence of the pharmacokinetics of anti-epileptic dnjgs in the high altitude hypoxic environment, so as to provide reference for the clinical use of anti-epileptic drugs at high altitude.
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Aim To investigate the effects of altitude hypoxia on serum sodium valproate eoncentration and eerebral blood distribution.Methods Male mice were divided into control group and plateau group.Each group was given sodium valproate orally and intrave¬nously, respectively.UFLC-MS/MS was used to deter¬mine the concentration of sodium valproate in plasma and brain, and Western blot was used to detect the ex¬pression of P-gp in BBB.Results Compared with the control group, the ratio of brain/blood drug concentra¬tion in plateau group was up-regulated by 44.0% , 57.9% , 176.8% and 184.5% at 10, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively.The ratio of brain/blood drug con-centration increased by 33.9% , 50.6% and 125.6% at 60 min, 120 min and 240 min in plateau group, re¬spectively.Compared with the control group, the ex¬pression of P-gp protein in BBB of mice in altitude group was significantly down-regulated by 58.46% (P < 0.05 ).Conclusions Compared with the control group, the brain/blood drug concentration ratio of val¬proic acid increases in high altitude hypoxia environ¬ment.Meanwhile, it is found that P-gp expression lev-el decreased in the brain mierovessels of mice under high altitude hypoxia environment, and the cerebral and blood distribution of valproic acid in mic increases in high altitude hypoxia environment.
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The paper introduces the clinical experience of GAO Hong in treatment of tic disorder. GAO Hong believes that tic disorder results from the primary qi deficiency and mind disturbance. Acupuncture for cultivating the primary and regulating the mind is proposed specially for tic disorder. This acupuncture technique focuses on harmonizing and regulating governor vessel and conception vessel. In clinical practice, the conception vessel acupoints on the abdomen and the governor vessel acupoints on the head are selected particularly, e.g. Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4) on the abdomen; Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Benshen (GB 13) and Yintang (GV 24+) on the head. The needling sequence and the insertion depth are emphasized, which affect the curative effect and GV 20 is generally punctured first. Besides, considering to the type of disorder and the affected site, tic disorder is treated in view of both syndrome/pattern differentiation and symptom differentiation.
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Humans , Abdominal Cavity , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Tic Disorders/therapyABSTRACT
The components of volatile oils are generally complex, and they often have the functions of divergent dissolving surface, insecticidal and antibacterial. However, there are few reports on bacteriostasis, anti-inflammation and antioxidation roles of volatile oils of Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. The volatile oil of Pelargonium graveolens L’Herit. was extracted by steam distillation, and GC-MS and peak area normalization analysis showed that it mainly contained 30 compounds, and the identified components accounted for 90.26% of the total peak area. The volatile oil of Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. has a certain inhibitory effect on Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, especially on Candida albicans. The diameter of the bacteriostatic zone is 15.55±1.53 mm by using the oxford cup method. Dexamethasone and low, middle and high doses of volatile oils of Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. were given after the RAW264. 7 cell inflammatory model and was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS = 10.0 μg/mL). ELISA assays showed that it could effectively reduce the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in inflammatory cells, and the effect of high doses was similar to that of IL-1β and TNF-α in the dexamethasone group. GC-MS was successfully used to determine and identify the chemical constituents of volatile oils from Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. in this study. We show that the volatile oil of Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. had certain bacteriostatic activity and effectively reduces the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α by inflammatory cells. It provides an experimental basis for the development and utilization of volatile oils from Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit.
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Research on the molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm in Western medicine is comparable to the study of a day-night rhythm in Chinese medicine (CM), as also focus on the same life phenomenon. By comparing the two, this paper elaborates on the differences between them in their respective issues of consciousness, ways of thinking, research methods and research results. Relatively speaking, Nobel Prize research has a stronger sense of the problems and concerns about the essence of "what", while CM focuses on "how a thing functions". The former mainly adopts experimental and mathematical methods, while the latter primarily depends on observation and understanding. The natural philosophy and natural science eventually lead to the results and the inevitable, quantitative and qualitative differences. Research on the life rhythm in CM should be proposed, scientific problems should be fully grasped, and research should be carried out with the aid of multidisciplinary new knowledge and new achievements through cross-disciplinary studies. On the basis of clinical epidemiological research and experimental research, a systematic review should be made of the human physiology of CM and the pathological rhythm model to explore the regulatory mechanism of time rhythm and create a new theory of time medicine.
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Objective:To study the effect of inflammatory factor and neurotransmitter of Yizhi Xingnao Fang combined with western medicine for patients with alzheimer's disease. Methods:124 cases alzheimer's patients from October 2014 to October 2016 were divided into observation group and control group,the control group given donepezil etc conventional western medicine therapy,ob-servation group given Yizhi Xingnao Fang combinde with western medicine therapy. 12 weeks after treatment,cerebrospinal fluid in-flammatory factors,neurotransmitter and clinical efficacy were compared between two groups. Results:Observation group effective rate 80.65% was significantly higher than control group 64.52% (X2= 4.052 9,P<0.05);cerebrospinal fluid TNF-α,IL-6 were significantly lower than control group,IL-4,IL-10 were significantly higher than control group (t=10.911,8.739,5.000,4.046,P<0.05,P<0.01);DA,5-HT,NE were significantly higher than control group(t=9.435,7.916,5.985,P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion:Yizhi Xingnao Fang combined with western medicine therapy help to improve the clinical symptoms and therapeutic effect,which may be related to the suppression of inflammatory symptoms,regulation of neurotransmitter expression level.
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The aim of the present study, performed on two different groups of volunteers, is to characterize the pharmacokinetics of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combined tablet. After administration of high, medium and low doses of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combined tablets, AUC and C(max) of two compounds both increase significantly with increase of dose. Neither normalized AUC/Dose nor C(max)/Dose has significant difference between every two tested dose groups. The similar results can be observed as for the parameters of t(max). Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide are both eliminated with linear characteristics. After repeated administration of lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combined tablets, AUC, C(max) and C(min) of lisinopril in the steady state increase. AUC and C(min) increase significantly. As for hydrochlorothiazide, AUC, C(max), C(min), and t(max) also increase in steady state. AUC and C(min) increase significantly. Administered with the test medication, lisinopril has an fluctuation index (FI) value of 2.29 and reaches a relative steady concentration. But hydrochlorothiazide has an FI value of 4.09 with relatively large fluctuating concentrations.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Antihypertensive Agents , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , Area Under Curve , Asian People , Biological Availability , Cross-Over Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Combinations , Hydrochlorothiazide , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , Lisinopril , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , TabletsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the dimensions of health status among the Chinese elderly.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Through unbalanced sampling method, 16 219 elderly aged above 65 were sampled from 22 provinces of China. The activities of daily living (ADL), physical performance, cognitive function, self-reported health and life satisfaction were investigated. We conducted comparative dimensions of health analysis across age, genders and rural/urban residences.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the male elderly aged 65-, 70-, 80-, 90- and 100-, 98.8% (730/739), 95.2% (1445/1518), 89.1% (1913/2147), 76.3% (1447/1897) and 51.6% (329/638) were ADL independent, respectively. The corresponding percentages among the female counterparts were 98.1% (654/667), 94.9% (1291/1361), 87.2% (1851/2124), 70.0% (1888/2699) and 46.8% (1136/2428), respectively (gender difference in ADL: chi(2) = 293.00, P < 0.01). Among the urban elderly aged 65-, 70-, 80-, 90- and 100-, the percentages were 98.0% (561/572), 93.6% (1090/1165), 85.5% (1413/1653), 69.3% (1311/1892) and 37.4% (434/1161) respectively. The corresponding percentages among the rural counterparts were 98.7% (823/834), 96.0% (1646/1714), 89.8% (2351/2618), 74.9% (2024/2704) and 54.1% (1031/1905) respectively (urban/rural difference in ADL: chi(2) = 85.97, P < 0.01). Among the male elderly aged 65-, 70-, 80-, 90- and 100-, 96.5% (713/739), 90.0% (1364/1516), 72.1% (1547/2145), 49.2% (929/1890) and 35.0% (218/623) had good cognitive function. The corresponding percentages among the female counterparts were 94.1% (627/666), 81.9% (1113/1359), 57.2% (1211/2116), 32.4% (870/2688), 17.5% (418/2395) respectively (gender difference in cognitive function: chi(2) = 893.89, P < 0.01). Among the urban elderly aged 65-, 70-, 80-, 90- and 100-, the percentages were 97.0% (555/572), 87.9% (1023/1164), 68.5% (1129/1648), 43.6% (820/1881) and 23.0% (258/1124) respectively. The corresponding percentages among the rural counterparts were 94.2% (785/833), 85.0% (1454/1711), 62.3% (1629/2613), 36.3% (979/2679) and 20.0% (378/1894), respectively (urban/rural difference in cognitive function: chi(2) = 57.92, P < 0.01). Among the male elderly aged 65-, 70-, 80-, 90- and 100-, the self-reported good health were 56.3% (416/739), 50.7% (770/1518), 46.0% (988/2148), 42.7% (809/1897) and 43.1% (175/638). The corresponding percentages among the female counterparts were 48.7% (325/667), 46.1% (627/1361), 43.0% (914/2124), 39.3% (1061/2699) and 34.5% (838/2428). The male elderly of each age group reported better health than the female counterparts (chi(2) = 233.91, P < 0.01). Among the male elderly aged 65-, 70-, 80-, 90- and 100-, 56.2% (415/739), 56.0% (850/1518), 55.7% (1194/2418), 52.9% (1003/1897) and 50.5% (322/638) self-reported satisfied life. The corresponding percentages among the female counterparts were 54.9% (366/667), 55.8% (759/1361), 53.9% (1144/2124), 50.6% (1365/2699) and 43.4% (1054/2428). The elderly aged 65- have no significant gender difference in self-reported life (chi(2) = 0.51, P = 0.916), while the male elderly aged 70 and above reported more satisfied life than the female counterparts (chi(2) = 218.25, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Percentages of good physical performance and normal cognitive function dropped dramatically as age increased, but percentages of reporting good health and satisfied life decreased very slowly as age increased. Rural elderly were significantly more active in daily living than urban elderly. Female elderly were seriously disadvantaged in ADL, physical performance, cognitive function and self-reported health as compared with their male counterparts.</p>
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Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Activities of Daily Living , Attitude to Health , China , Health Status , Longevity , Quality of Life , Self-Assessment , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The most significant biological change in intervertebral disc degeneration is the decrease of chondrocyte specific gene and protein expression of Sox9 and collagen type II. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is not expressed in the normal intervertebral disc tissue but increases in the degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. This suggests that IL-1 may play a role in regulation of the expression of Sox9 and collagen type II.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human intervertebral disc cells were isolated and cultured. Sox9 and collagen type II expression during treatment with IL-1, with or without the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity inhibitor curcumin, were detected by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, and the activity of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway was detected by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IL-1 lowered the mRNA level and protein expression of Sox9 and collagen type II in the cultured intervertebral disc cells in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05), and this effect was attenuated by curcumin. Curcumin alone had no effect on Sox9 and collagen type II expression (P > 0.05). IL-1 at concentrations of 0.1 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml could stimulate the activity of NF-kappaB in the intervertebral disc cells in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05) that was inhibited by curcumin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We demonstrated the previously unknown function of IL-1 in inhibiting Sox9 and collagen type II via NF-kappaB in the intervertebral disc cells. This inhibition can be attenuated by curcumin, which is an effective NF-kappaB activity inhibitor.</p>
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Adult , Humans , Male , Cells, Cultured , Collagen Type II , Genetics , Metabolism , Curcumin , Pharmacology , Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay , Gene Expression , Immunoblotting , Interleukin-1 , Pharmacology , Intervertebral Disc , Cell Biology , NF-kappa B , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , SOX9 Transcription Factor , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
[Objective] To explore the clinical characteristics and pathogenic mechanism of sensory ataxia form of GBS.[Methods] To Summarize clinica1 data of 19 cases with sensory ataxia form of GBS.[Result] The main clinical manifestations were sensory ataxia.The disease relieved and recurred easily and had long course.The protein in CSF increased significantly.Pathological feature was same with general CIDP.Treatment of glucocortieoid was satisfied.[Conclusions] Sensory ataxia form of GBS was one sub-type of CIDP.Pathogenic mechanism was perhaps that immunoreaction attacked proproioceptive sense fibre of radix dorsalis.