effect of propofol administration on the intraocular pressure

The use of propofol [2, 6, -diisoproylphenol] as an induction agent for general anaesthesia, has been reported to be smooth, without major adverse effects and associated with smooth recovery[1]. Previous studies have shown that its use is also associated with significant reduction in intraocular pressure [IOP][2]. In addition its use is beneficial in attenuating the rise in IOP assocaited with tracheal intubation. This study was undertaken to define the effects of propofol on IOP of normal and glucomatus eye when given as a single bolus dose of 2 mg Kg[1] intravenously followed by atracurium of intubation

Hazards of ventilation during early separation from total cardiopulmonary bypass

The effect of pulmonary ventilation upon systemic arterial blood gases during cardiopulmonary bypass in presence of left ventricular ejection was evaluated in 20 adult male patients undergoing aortic vlave replacement. Following rewarming, establishment of a sinus rhythm, and production of pulse pressure of at least 20 mm Hg on the artirial pressure trace caused by left ventricular ejection, arterial blood gases were obtained from artirial and venous extracorporeal circuit and radial arterial cannula. Patients were divided into a non ventilated [n=10] or a ventilated [n=10] group. The ventilated group was given 10 breaths/min. with 100 oxygen at a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg. After 5 minutes the arterial blood gas data were again obtained. significant findings [p<0.05] include decrease in systemic carbon dioxide tension and increase in systemic pH in the ventilated group and decrease in systemic oxygen tension in the non-ventilated group. Although the changes in the arterial blood gases were significant. These changes occurred well within the limit of clinical acceptability. It is concluded that left ventricular ejection for short periods during full cardiopulmonary bypass does not necessitate pulmonary ventilation

Comparison of the effects of nalbuphine, fentanyl and pethidine in rabbits pretreated wilth a monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine [parnate]

The existence of a severe toxic interaction from the clinical use of pethidine and monoamine oxidase [MAO] inhibitors is well known. The present study evaluates the possibility of such an interaction for the opioid partial agonist Nalbuphine and the pure agonist fentanyl. Conscious rabbits [n = 6] in each group pretreated 24 hours previously with physiological saline or the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine [Parnate] 1.5 mg/kg S.C. were subsequently given physiological saline, pethidine 5 mg/kg, fentanyl 0.02 mg/kg and effect and parnate produced only a small increase in the rabbits temperature, the combination of parnate and pethidine produced a marked hyperpyrexia [+ 4.4 +/- 0.19°C, P < 0.001], hypertension 33.9 +/- 3.1 mmHg; P < 0.01] and agitation. Two rabbits died at 40 and 50 minutes after the pethidine- parnate combination. Nalbuphine and fentanyl were without significant effects on the parameters when given after the MAO-inhibitor parnate

incidence of arterial hypoxemia in the immediate postoperative period during the transfer of surgical patients to the recovery room

The incidence rate of hypoxemia in the immediate post-operative Period Was determined using pulse oximeter for continuous minitorring of arterial oxygen satusation [sao2] in 148 ASA class I or II adult patients breathing room air during their transfer from the operating room [O.R.] to the recovery room [R.R.]. These patients were categorized according to the type of operartion into two groups, as the following 72 patients undergone abdominal procedures and 76 patients undergone pelvic and peripheral operations. Hypoxemia was defined as 90% sao2 [arterial oxygen partial pressure -pao2=58 mmhg]. Severe hypoxemia was defined as 85% sao2 [Poao2=50 mmhg]. Hypoxemia occurred in 48 [66.7%] patients of group A, and in 24 [31.58%] patients of group B. The incidence of hypoxemia was significantly higher in group A [patients undergoing abdominal procedures] than in group B [those under-going non-abdominal procedures], Also group A of Patients experienced a significantly higher incidence of severe hypoxemia [25%], than group B of patients [1 3.16%]. Thus the type of operation was a significant predictor of the immediate postoperative hypoxemia. Postoperative hypoxemia also correlates significantly with the patient age and obesity

Immediate venous sequelae of intravenous administration of midazolam versus propofol. A light and electron microscopic study

Eighteen guinea-pigs were categorized into three groups I, II, and III [6 each]. Animals of group I were injected intravenously via the external jugular veins with midazolam, group II were injected with propofol, while group Ill were received normal saline as a control model. Light microscopy revealed mild oedema in venous wall in group I and II. While electron microscopy revealed the relative innocuousness of propofol compared with midazolam in equipotent doses, probably due to the effect of the fat emmulsion solvent of propofol. In addition to the isotonicity and pH neutrality of the later