To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CartiNovex plus tablet in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Interminable arthritis issue, for example, osteoarthritis [OA] and rheumatoid arthritis [RA] have in like manner an upsurge of aggravation, and oxidative anxiety, bringing about dynamic histological modifications and incapacitating indications. As of now utilized allopathic prescription [extending from painkiller executioners to natural operators] is intense, yet regularly connected with genuine, even dangerous symptoms. Utilized for centuries in customary herbalism, restorative plants are a promising option, with bring down rate of unfavorable occasions and productivity every now and again tantamount with that of traditional medications. In any case, their instrument of activity is as a rule smooth and additionally indeterminate. Despite the fact that a large number of them have been demonstrated powerful in ponders done in vitro or on creature models, there is a shortage of human clinical proof. This clinical trial was conducted at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. This was a single blind, placebo control phase II clinical trial. Total 200 patients were enrolled in the study, in which 110 received the CartiNovex plus tablet and 90 received the placebo. The age range of patients was 40 years to above 70 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Different parameters like pain on sitting or lying, morning stiffness, pain on walking, stiffness in sitting, lying or resting later in the day, getting on/off toilet, light domestic duties [such as tidying room, dusting, cooking], WOMAC score % were tested for both group i.e. CartiNovex plus group and placebo group in all parameters CartiNovex plus show significant improvement in all parameters. CartiNovex plus tablet was very effective in the management of OA and RA. The CartiNovex plus tablet was safe and well tolerated in all patients and side effects are non-significant

evaluation of efficacy and safety of Cough [EMA] granules used for upper respiratory disorders

Ivy leaf is used for the treatment of respiratory diseases with the intensive mucus formation, respiratory infections, and irritating cough coming from the common cold. Conferring to clinical trials, the efficacy, and tolerability of ivy leaf is good. The main compounds accountable for biological activity are triterpene and saponins. Ivy leaves show convulsive/antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, anthelmintic and anti-thrombin activity. Not only ivy but also marshmallow and mustard seeds are used for these indications. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cough [EMA; European Medicines Agency] granules used for upper respiratory disorders. This clinical trial was conducted on 150 patients, out of which 75 received the Cough [EMA] granules and 75 received the placebo. The age range of patients was 3 years to above 15 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Cough [EMA] granules were found effective in the treatment of cough, cold, and flu symptoms. The new treatment Cough [EMA] granules were safe and well tolerated in patient at given specific age group. The study recommends that Cough [EMA] granules can be used effectively in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection

Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant capacity and reducing potential of polyherbal Coded capsules Arthitec 1 and Arthitec 2

Free radicals are partially reduced form of metabolites of Nitrogen and Oxygen. These are highly reactive and potentially toxic compounds which are contributing factors in different chronic disease. The present study was aimed to determine antioxidant capability and reducing ability of coded polyherbal capsules [Arthitec 1 and Arthitec 2]. DPPH [2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl] assay is most commonly used method for gauging antioxidant capability of natural compounds. In this assay DPPH act as stable free radical which react with an antioxidant. For measuring reducing ability suspected antioxidant react with ferric tripyridyltriazine [Fe3 +/- TPTZ] complex and convert ferric into ferrous. Results are evident that both capsule formulations Arthitec 1 and Arthitec 2 have promising antioxidant activity and reducing potential. Antioxidant potential of both coded capsules with varied concentrations [10, 50 and 100 microg/ml] were compared and in both cases scavenging activity and as well as reducing ability raised in a dose dependent manner just like standard Butylated hydroxyanisole [BHA]

Phytochemical standardization of Vasicine in cough syrup by high performance liquid chromatography-densitometry

The highly oriented modern detection techniques provide a precise and definite tool for investigation in natural medicines. Current study directed the standardization of eminent biomarker Vasicine in a natural cough syrup. A highly accurate and precise method of High-performance thin layer chromatography [HPTLC] has been developed to certify the quantity of vasicine inside the syrup. Ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol and ammonia [6:3:1: 1 v/v] were mobile phase for the study. The TLC plate silica gel G60F254 was used with CAMAG Scanner III and CAMAG Linomate 5. The detected Rf value was 0.51 in both sample and reference standard at 254 nm. International conference of Harmonization [ICH] guidelines were followed for the validation of the developed method. Linearity was achieved in the range of 200microg to 1600microg with co-efficient correlation r2=0.9995. Accuracy was found in between 98.9 to 101.4% however precision was good at both inter and intra-day. As per the standardization of ICH, the developed method was found to be reproducible and showed sharp similar peak with high resolution

Pharmaceutical equivalent dissertation of Metformin hydrochloride brands

The aim of study is to establish pharmaceutical equivalence of different brands of Metformin tablets available in Karachi, Pakistan. The quality control parameters which are studied are weight variation test, hardness test, thickness, friability, disintegration and dissolution specified by BP/USP [British and United State Pharmacopoeia]. Weight variation and hardness value requirement was complied by all brands. Disintegration time for all brands was within range i.e. 15 minutes and also complies with the BP/USP recommendation. All brands showed more than 90% drug release within forty five minutes. The present conclusion suggests that almost all the brands of Metformin that are available in Karachi meet the specification for quality control analysis. Assay performed by HPLC by keeping flow rate of 1.0 ml/min of the mobile phase and the quantitative evaluation at 225 nm was performed. The retention time of Metformin was found to be 2.5min. Method suitability for the quantitative determination of the drugs was proved by validation according to the International Conference on Harmonization [ICH] guidelines

Estimation of simvastatin and cetirizine by RP-LC method: application to freeze and thaw [FT] stability studies

Sensitive, simple, reliable and rapid HPLC technique for the estimation of simvastatin [SMV] and cetirizine has been designed in this study. The chromatographic conditions were set using Shimadzu LC-10 AT VP pump, with UV detector [SPD-10 AV-VP]. System integration was performed with CBM-102 [Bus Module]. Partitioning of components was attained with pre-packed C-18 column of Purospher Star [5 microm, 250 x 4.6 mm] at ambient conditions. Injected volume of sample was 10 microl. Mobile phase was composed of 50:50 v/v ratio of Acetonitrile/water [pH 3.0 adjusted with ortho-phosphoric acid] having 2 ml/minutes rate of flow. Compounds were detected in UV region at 225 nm. Percent Recovery of simvastatin was observed in the range of 98-102%. All results were found in accept table range of specification. The projected method is consistent, specific, precise, and rapid, that can be employed to quantitate the SMV along with cetirizine HCl. It was estimated by 3 successive cycles of freeze and thaw stability. Results of FT samples were found within accept table limits the method was developed and validated in raw materials, bulk formulations and final drug products

randomized, control and comparative study of polyherbal formulation use for Malaria [plasmodium falciparum]

Plasmodium falciparum is the most well-known reason for extreme and life-debilitating malaria. Falciparum malaria causes more than 1 million deaths annually. Malaria remains a noteworthy reason for major morbidity and mortality in the tropics, with Plasmodium falciparum accountable for the mainstream of the disease weight and Plasmodium vivax being the geologically greatest broadly dispersed cause of malaria. The controlling of severe malaria comprises quick direction of suitable parenteral anti-malarial agents and initial acknowledgement and treatment of the complications. This clinical trial was piloted in 100 patients, in which 50 received the test drug [Malarina] and 50 received the control drug [Quinine Bisulphate]. The age range of patients was 12 years to above 50 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Malarina was very effective in treating malaria sign and symptoms. The new treatment Malarina was safe and well tolerated in all patients

Comparison of Anti BPH capsule [herbal] and Terazosin HCl in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] is a disease of senile age, usually occurring> 60 years of age. BPH is a disease that involves cell proliferation of the prostate. Pathological hyperplasia affects the elements of the glandular and connective tissue of the prostate. This study is designed to scrutinize the efficacy and tolerability of herbal drug Anti BPH capsule for the management of benign prostate hyperplasia [BPH], in this study we select the 100 patients in which 50 received the Anti BPH capsule and 50 received the Terazosin HCl. We use the American Urological Association BPH Symptom Score Index Questionnaire to measure the quality of life of the patients. We compare the before treatment and after treatment results for each symptom. We record the following symptoms, incomplete emptying of bladder, Frequency, Intermittency, Urgency, Weak stream, Straining, Nocturia and weight of prostate gland by USG. We compare the both drug by using paired sample t-test. The level of significance of incomplete emptying of bladder before treatment and after treatment is 0.013 in test group and 0.032 in control group. Similarly the level of significance of Frequency before treatment and after treatment in test groups in, intermittency, Urgency, Weak stream, staining, Nocturia and mean weight of prostate gland are 0.007, 0.015, 0.044, 0.012, 0.017, 0.004 and 0.020; where as in control group afford as 0.031, 0.044, 0.044, 0.032, 0.024, 0.009 and 0.035 respectively. The herbal drug Anti BPH capsule is more effective in the treatment of BPH than Allopathic medicine Terazosin HCl

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CofNovex plus [EMA] syrup

The cough and cold are very widespread conditions and a common purpose for advice in general practice. Utmost often the sign and symptoms of cough are produced by acute viral airway infection and the course is frequently benign. But it can be converted into bacterial super-infection and can cause acute bronchitis. Herbal medicines are used to treat symptoms of the cough and cold, and among these medicines Ivy leaf is used to treat mucous discharge and irritation in throat due to the cough and cold. In addition to synthetic substances such as acetylcysteine, carbocisteins, ambroxol and bromhexine, herbal medicines contain saponins, which are used in these indications. Not just Ivy, but also the marshmallow and mustard seeds used for these indications. This clinical trial was conducted in 220 patients, in which 110 receive the CofNovex plus European Medicines Agency [EMA] syrup and 110 receive the placebo. The age range of patients was 3 years to above 15 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. CofNovex plus [EMA] syrup was very effective in treating cough and cold symptoms. The new treatment CofNovex plus [EMA] syrup was safe and well tolerated in patient at given specific age group

interquartile relationship between polyherbal extract based lozenges linkus a phase four comparative randomised control trial

The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of polyherbal linkus with the other pharmaceutical marketed syrup having Acefyllin Piperazine, Diphenhydramine group and Aminophylline Diphenhydramine group on the basis of interquartile ranges on children. It was open label multi centric randomize control trial. The study was conducted on different private schools of East and West Malir, Karachi Pakistan with the special approval from the school's honors. Informed consent and assents were taking before the enrollment of the study subjects. The study enrolled participants were 147 who evaluate on cough. Participants were divided into 3 interventional group according to the treatment regimen. One group of participant received Linkus Syrup however the 2[nd] group received Acefyllin Piperazine and 3[rd] group received Aminophylline Diphenhydramine group. The frequency of the cough on linkus syrup was considered to be achieved on the basis of interquartile relationship and impact has been observed on child and parent sleep and found significant [p <0.01].Poly herbal Linkus Syrup has the significant impact on cough frequency and associated problem on children and parent's sleep with minimum side effects [p<0.01] however the pharmacological treatments are considered to be more unwanted effects on human subjects

Alternative treatment in Hepatitis B by using polyherbal formulation

The hepatitis B is most prevalent diseases [along with morbidities] in Asian countries. This research study has been conducted to provide an alternative treatment which is safe, effective and cost-effective to comprehend relations of disease, symptoms, patients response and the clinical response via better management of hepatitis B. The goal of this research is to evaluate efficacy and safety of herbal medicine as compared to allopathic medicine in patients suffering from hepatitis B. This was a single blind, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at Shifa-ul-Mulk Memorial Hospital Hamdard University, Karachi and Dar ul Shifa Unani Dawakhana Karachi, Pakistan. The patients of both genders ranging from 25 to 50 years with symptoms and diagnosed for hepatitis B that fulfilled the criteria for membership, and consented for participation were registered. Ethical committee clearance and permission was obtained from the concerned committee at Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan. No significant difference was identified after treatment and it was found that the efficacy of Alpha [Control drug] is same as Safoof akseer e jigar [Test drug]. The data offered support to the null hypothesis and therefore research hypothesis was rejected. According to the statistical analysis by chi square, hepatitis B was recorded as negative in 26 patients [57.77%] out of 45 patients by the use of Interferon Alpha [control therapy] and in 27 patients [64.28%] out of 42 patients by the use of Safoof akseer e jigar [test drug]. Comparison of the data recorded of the patients was determined as both drugs showed significant improvement and p value>0.05. The efficacy response is equal in both drugs while test drug showed more safety response. It is concluded that Safoof akseer e jigar possesses as effective a therapeutic value in treating hepatitis B as allopathic medicine

Antipyretic potential of herbal coded formulation [Pyrexol]

The antipyretic effect of the aqueous extract of herbal coded formulation containing equal amount of Salix alba, Emblica officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Adhatoda vasica, Viola odorata, Thea sinensis, Veleriana officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare, Sisymbrium irrio and Achillea millefolium was investigated using the yeast induced pyrexia model in rabbits. Paracetamol was used as a control group. Rectal temperatures of all rabbits were recorded immediately before the administration of the extract or paracetamol and again at 1 hour, after this, temperature was noted at 1 hrs interval for 5 hrs using digital thermometer. At 240 mg/kg dose the extract showed significant reduction in yeast-induced elevated temperature as compared with that of standard drug paracetamol [150 mg/kg]. It is concluded that herbal coded medicine at a dose of 240 mg/kg has marked antipyretic activity in animal models and this strongly supports the ethno pharmacological uses of medicinal plants of this formulation

effects of new polyherbal Unani formulation AJMAL06 on serum creatinine level in chronic renal failure

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Unani Ajmal06, an herbal formulation for management of chronic renal failure [CRF]. The therapeutic evaluations of three different formulations such as Itrifal Kashneezi, Jawarsih Zarooni Sada medicines were conducted on number 35 CRF patients clinically diagnosed cases of chronic kidney failure. It was found that herbal coded Ajmal06 was effective for the treatment of CRF in 70% of the patients treated. SPSS tests on sign and symptoms indicated the efficacy of Ajmal06 in lowering serum creatinine level in 70% of patients of chronic renal failure. In clinical response of BUN exhibited 75% of patients improved where as in case of fatigue [70%], edema [90%], leg pain [76%] improved these types of conditions with significant p value

Ways to manage hepatitis C without cirrhosis: treatment by comparison of coded eastern medicine hepcinal with interferon alpha 2b and ribavirin

Hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection is a serious and significant global health problem in the Pakistan and elsewhere. In majority of cases HCV infection remains asymptomatic but in advance cases it may progress to fibrosis of liver, shrinkage of liver cells or failure of liver. The hepatitis C may progress to cause liver cirrhosis that mostly develop in 20% of the affected patients in 20 years with an increased risk in male, alcoholic drink, immune-compromised and who acquire HCV infection after the age of 40 years. This was an open-label prospective study conducted on 66 clinically and immunologically diagnosed cases of HCV infection. In Hepcinal treated group, there were significant improvement in HCV associated symptoms compared to control group [p<0.05]. While Interferon therapy resulted in significant improvement in serological response [55.88%] compared to Hepcinal treated patients [46.88%]. It was concluded that Hepcinal has shown better clinical response but no significant serological response [p=0.3244] and it might be an alternative therapy to treat hepatitis C infection and to prevent its progression into chronic ailment

Efficacy and safety of Linkus, Aminophylline diphenhydramine and acefyllin piperazine for the treatment of cough in children

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Linkus, Aminophylline with Diphenhydramine group and Acefyllin Piperazine with Diphenhydramine cough syrup on children having cough and sleep difficulty associated with cough. To determine the effects of Linkus polyherbal syrup [group A] and compared with other parallel allopathic groups [Group B and C] for cough on children and associated sleep quality and improvement. 360 children having cough inducted in 3 different groups randomly selected. Three parallel groups were the part of the study. The first study group was the herbal syrup Linkus, second group of children were taking a syrup of multinational pharmaceutical industry having Aminophylline plus Diphenhydramine however the third group received another famous brand having Acefyllin Piperazine with Diphenhydramine. Informed assent and informed consent have taken from the study subjects and their parents. Subjects with acute cough were included in the study however the subjects with chronic cough considered to be excluded. Every group of individual in the study was informed about the investigational drugs provided. Ethnic groups, frequency of cough and diseases illness [<0.05] were determine on every group on the investigational syrup. Cough impact on child and its sleep of three different syrups [every group] were assessed on dayl and day 14[p<0.001] via a likert scale. For the evaluation of pain assessment Wong baker face scale were used and level of significance in each group [p<0.001]. Significant results were observed in the Linkus Group as compared to the other parallel groups including Aminophylline plus Diphenhydramine and Acefyllin Piperazine with Diphenhydramine on day 14 [p<0.001]. Side effects on group B and group C [Aminophylline with Diphenhydramine and Acefyllin Piperazine with Diphenhydramine] were almost similar in number however Linkus syrup has minimum side effects on study duration. Polyherbal syrup Linkus shows better results in treatment of cough including side effects as compare to the other parallel groups B and C [Aminophylline with Diphenhydramine and Acefyllin Piperazine with Diphenhydramine]. For nocturnal sleep Linkus providing better results in cough and associated problems. Pain were significantly reduce on day 14 with the herbal Linkus syrup group A [<0.001]. Group B and C found less effective with more side effects as compared to Linkus syrup. Poly herbal Linkus syrup could substantially improve the clinical effect and relieves coughs and benefit lung functions and better sleep facilitation

Comprehensive review on treatment of HIV

HIV or AIDS is a major threat for humanity in the world especially in developing countries. The causative factor of the syndrome is HIV, which infects and destroys one of the cellular components of the immune system, the T cells, causing deficiency in the immunological surveillance and ultimately leading to AIDS. According to WHO, around 35 million people were living with HIV in 2013 and since the start of epidemic 39 million people have died due to AIDS. Center for disease control and prevention estimated in 2014 that 1,201,100 people aged 13 and above were suffering from HIV infection Worldwide. The most effective approach is the highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] containing the combined use of drugs having different mechanisms of action. However, complete eradication of HIV from the body does not occur by HAART, but it lead to long term toxicity occurs and emerges as drug resistant. Despite the recent development of various new antiretroviral compounds, there is still a need to develop need to search for new alternatives which are equally efficient and less expensive as compared to the contemporary treatment available. This review provides an overview and a summary of herbal medicines for HIV infection and summarized the efficacy and medicinal use of different plants used in the treatment of HIV infection. The objective of this review is to enlighten the recent advances in the exploration of medicinal plants used for treatment of HIV/AIDS

Effect of hormonal contraceptives on serum lipids: a prospective study

To estimate the effects of using hormonal contraceptives on serum lipoprotein levels. Lipid profile was measured at baseline and afterward at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. 1391 Pakistani females taking COCs, DMPA, or non hormonal [NH] contraceptives. The results were calculated by repeated measure ANOVA subsequent to tukey's post hoc test for the multiple comparisons. Statistical examination revealed that differences in lipid profile were significant [p <0.001] among all treated group in comparison with control. DMPA also caused significant rise in Castelli index-I and Castelli index-II as compared to COCs group and control group. This study demonstrated raise in total cholesterol [TC] and triglycerides [TG] as well as very low density lipoprotein [VLDL-C] and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDLC]. Whereas, an obvious decrease was observed in high density-lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] in the DMPA-treated group. We concluded that, this inductive study specifies atherogenic cardiovascular risk in women using DMPA on long term basis

Evaluation of in vitro urease and lipoxygenase inhibition activity of weight reducing tablets

Enzyme inhibition is a significant part of research in pharmaceutical field in view of the fact that these studies have directed to the innovations of drugs having remarkable performance in diverse physiological conditions. The present study was aimed to assess urease and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of weight reducing tablets. For evaluating the urease activity indophenol method was employed using Thiourea as the model urease inhibitor. The lipoxygenase inhibition was evaluated by measuring the hydroperoxides produced in lipoxygenation reaction using a purified lipoxygenase with lionoleic acid as substrate. When formulation of the weight reducing tablets was compared at various concentrations [50, 100 and 500microg/ml]. The antiurease activity and lipoxygenase inhibition activity increased in a dose dependent manner. The formulations under test have an excellent antiurease and lipoxygenase inhibition potential and prospective to be used in the cure of a variety of complications associated with the production of urease and lipoxygenase enzymes

Evaluation, efficacy and tolerability of GlucoNovax tablet in type 2 diabetic patients

Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2D] is a chronic metabolic disease regarded as insulin resistance and progressive failure of ? cells. Beta cells secretagogues are useful to reach satisfactory glycemic control. Glimepiride is a secondgeneration sulfonylurea excites pancreatic beta cells to discharge insulin. Glimepiride may be safer to use in patients with cardiovascular disease due to lack of destructive effects on ischemic preconditioning. It is effective in dropping fasting plasma glucose [FPG], postprandial glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels and is a useful and cost-effective option treatment for the management of T2D. Total 40 patients were selected from OPD setting at RSNPMTS Endocrinology center Ministry of Health Republic of Uzbekistan, and corresponding to criteria for inclusion / exclusion. 10 patients with T2D switched from receiving other forms of Glimepiride [Amaryl] on an identical dose of GlucoNovax in combination with biguanides [Metformin] denoted as group 1. At the same time the dose of biguanides [Metformin] was not altered for the period of the study. 10 patients with T2D switched from receiving other forms of Glimepiride [Amaryl] on an identical dose of GlucoNovax denoted as group 2.10 patients with T2D switched to the drug GlucoNovax from the drug Glibenclamide denoted as group 3. The control group received monotherapy with Amaryl it consist of 10 patients with T2D denoted as group 4. The severity of diabetic complaints in patients receiving the combination drug GlucoNovax with metformin significantly decreased by the end of the observation period and had an inclination to reduction in the 2nd and 3[rd] groups, along with the control group. 30 patients, receiving the drug Gluco Novax, 7 achieved blood glucose level parameters that corresponding to the high effectiveness of the drug [4 of them from 1[st] group [GlucoNovax+ Metformin], 1 in the 2[nd] group, 2 in the 3[rd] group]. 6 patients achieved blood glucose levels parameters, meeting the criteria of moderate effectiveness of the drug [4 of them from 1[st] group, 1 patient in the 2[nd] and 1 patient in the 3[rd] groups]. The given result may be, associated with initially high levels of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, as well as a more effective influence on combination treatment with Metformin. The drug GlucoNovax appears to be an effective hypoglycemic agent in the treatment of T2D with good tolerability

Quality control testing of various samples of peppermint oil collected from local market of Karachi

Menthol is the most commonly used substance in many cosmetics and pharmaceutical products either as an active ingredient or in the form of excipient. In the present study, different samples of commercially available peppermint oil were subjected to standardization by determination of physicochemical characteristics, acid value, and resinified oil content. Thin layer chromatography [TLC] has been used to confirm the presence of menthol. The result showed that the quality control test performed for the evaluation of the physicochemical parameters of peppermint oil can be considered useful in its standardization. The results of acid value and the resinified oil tests, carried out on the raw material, have found to be within the standard limits. The results indicated specified number of free fatty acids and absence of greasy impurities. The data obtained from the study would be useful in the authentication of the commercial peppermint oil samples. In TLC studies, the Rf value of the active constituent has been determined by comparison with its standard spot. This technique may be used as a tool for the correct identification of the active constituent which could help in the standardization of the peppermint oil samples