ABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives When air irrigation is used for caloric stimulation in patients with a perforated ear, warm irrigation may elicit a nystagmus that initially beats in the opposite direction of what is expected for warm irrigations, which is referred to as "caloric inversion". This study aimed to investigate the disease group in which caloric inversion appeared in patients who underwent caloric testing and to classify the patterns of caloric inversion. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of bithermal caloric test results that were collected in our dizziness clinic between 2005 and 2022. Caloric inversion was defined when nystagmus induced by caloric stimulation appeared in the opposite direction to that expected. The incidence of caloric inversion among all patients who underwent bithermal caloric tests was calculated. To confirm the clinical diagnoses of the patients with caloric inversion, their clinical records were reviewed. Results Out of 9923 patients who underwent bithermal caloric tests, 29 patients (0.29%) showed a caloric inversion. The most common clinical diagnosis was chronic otitis media (21 of 29, 72%). Of the 21 patients with chronic otitis media, 20 patients showed a caloric inversion by warm air irrigation and one patient showed caloric inversion by cold air stimulation. Patients with clinical diagnoses other than chronic otitis media such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss, benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood and recurrent vestibulopathy showed caloric inversion by warm air irrigation. Caloric inversion by warm water irrigation was observed in patients with lateral semicircular canal cupulopathy and recurrent vestibulopathy. Two patients (one with Meniere's disease and one with age-related dizziness) showed caloric inversion by cold water irrigation. Conclusion Caloric inversion can be observed in various diseases other than chronic otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation. Special care should be taken in the interpretation of caloric test results. Level of Evidence: Level 4.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Serum level of high-mobility group box 1 protein is reportedly correlated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Objective: We tried to evaluate the possibility of using the serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level as a biologic marker in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Methods: We generated a chronic intermittent hypoxia murine model that reflected human obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea patients who underwent polysomnography were prospectively enrolled. Serum samples were obtained from mice and obstructive sleep apnea patients, and the serum high-mobility group box1 protein level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level was 56.16 ± 30.33 ng/mL in chronic intermittent hypoxia and 18.63 ± 6.20 ng/mL in control mice (p<0.05). The mean apnea-hypopnea index and respiratory disturbance index values of enrolled obstructive sleep apnea patients were 50.35 ± 27.96 and 51.56 ± 28.53, respectively, and the mean serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level was 30.13 ± 19.97 ng/mL. The apnea-hypopnea index and respiratory disturbance index were not significantly correlated with the serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level (p>0.05). Instead, this protein level was significantly correlated with lowest arterial oxygen concentration (SaO2) (p<0.05). Conclusion: High-mobility group box 1 protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea, and the possibility of this protein being a useful biologic marker in obstructive sleep apnea should be further evaluated.
Resumo Introdução: O nível sérico da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 está relacionado com a gravidade da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso do nível sérico da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 como um marcador biológico em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono. Método: Geramos um modelo murino de hipóxia intermitente crônica que imita a apneia obstrutiva do sono em humanos. Pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono que fizeram polissonografia foram incluídos prospectivamente. Amostras de soro foram obtidas de camundongos e pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono e o nível sérico da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 foi medido por enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Resultados: O nível sérico da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 foi 56,16 ± 30,33 ng/mL em hipóxia intermitente crônica e 18,63 ± 6,20 ng/mL em camundongos controle (p < 0,05). Os valores médios do índice de apneia-hipopneia e do índice de distúrbio respiratório nos pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono foram 50,35 ± 27,96 e 51,56 ± 28,53, respectivamente, e o nível médio da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 foi 30,13 ± 19,97 ng/mL. O índice de apneia-hipopneia e o índice de distúrbio respiratório não foram significantemente associados com o nível da proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 p> 0,05). Em vez disso, esse nível de proteína foi significantemente associado com o valor mais baixo da concentração arterial de oxigênio (SaO2) (p <0,05). Conclusão: A proteína de alta mobilidade do grupo Box-1 pode estar envolvida na patogênese da apneia obstrutiva do sono e a possibilidade de que essa proteína possa ser um marcador biológico útil na apneia obstrutiva do sono deve ser avaliada mais detalhadamente.
ABSTRACT
La metformina es un fármaco de primera elección, solo o combinado, en el tratamiento inicial de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, cuya prevalencia a nivel nacional es de 8,0% en hombres y 8,3% en mujeres, con un gasto anual de 283 USD/persona. El estudio fue realizado con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad fisicoquímica y precio de comprimidos de 850 mg de metformina comercializados en nuestro país. Se analizaron medicamentos de producción nacional e importada, conteniendo 850 mg de metformina HCl, tomando como referencia la Farmacopea de los Estados Unidos (USP 38). Para evaluar la calidad de los productos se realizaron ensayos físicos químicos, además de los perfiles de disolución según el medio propuesto por la USP 38. Los resultados obtenidos se encontraron dentro de las especificaciones de valoración, entre 96% y 101% de metformina y los perfiles de disolución entre 70% y 90% de la cantidad declarada en 20 minutos, con una eficiencia de disolución (EF) entre 58% y 93%, mostrando que no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,41). La variación de precios encontrados fue entre 3,6 USD y 8,4 USD. Los productos analizados pueden ser intercambiables en cuanto a la calidad y los perfiles de disolución in vitro, siendo una herramienta para demostrar intercambiabilidad de productos farmacéuticos, buscando el precio más accesible en el mercado nacional y facilitando el tratamiento adecuado sobre todo para la población de escasos recursos manteniendo la calidad y eficacia del mismo(AU)
Subject(s)
Drug Price , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Drug Evaluation , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Metformin/therapeutic use , Paraguay , Tablets , Dissolution , Hypoglycemic Agents/analysis , Metformin/analysisABSTRACT
Background Several MYB genes belonging to R2R3 MYB transcription factors have been used in several plant species to enhance anthocyanin production, and have shown various expression or regulation patterns. This study focused on the effect of ectopic expression of an RsMYB1 isolated from radish (Raphanus sativa) on chrysanthemum cv. Shinma'. Results The RT-PCR results confirmed that RsMYB1 regulated the expression of three key biosynthetic genes (CmF3H, CmDFR, and CmANS) that are responsible for anthocyanin production in transgenic chrysanthemum, but were not detected in the non-transgenic line. In all transgenic plants, higher expression levels of key biosynthetic genes were observed in flowers than in leaves. However, the presence of RsMYB1 in chrysanthemum did not affect any morphological characteristics, such as plant height, leaf shape or size, and number of flowers. Furthermore, no anthocyanin accumulation was visually observed in the leaves and floral tissue of any of the transgenic lines, which was further confirmed by anthocyanin content estimation. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first time the role of an MYB transcription factor in anthocyanin production has been investigated in chrysanthemum.
Subject(s)
Transcription Factors , Chrysanthemum , Anthocyanins/biosynthesis , Anthocyanins/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
As coroas adesivas de porcelana pura oferecem uma nova solução restauradora que equilibra as necessidades funcionais e estéticas na dentição anterior amplamente danificada. Através do relato de caso clínico este artigo descreverá a importância do trabalho integrado CD/TPD/Paciente ilustrando todas as fases do tratamento desde a confecção de preparos inteligentes conseguindo através de um desgaste seletivo uma maior preservação de estrutura dental, fase de restaurações provisórias até a obtenção de um resultado estético harmônico, natural e que satisfaça a todos, profissionais envolvidos e paciente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Ceramics , Esthetics, Dental , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Tooth Crown , Metal Ceramic Alloys , Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods , Smiling/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The herbal formulation, Gamiseunggal-Tang (G-Tang) has long been used for various allergic diseases. The mechanism of its action is largely unknown. We carried out this study to determine the effect of G-Tang on the mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reactions in vivo and in vitro murine models. METHODS: In this study, the effects of G-Tang on the mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reactions were examined by using the ear swelling, histamine assay, and ELISA method in murine model. RESULTS: Anal administration of G-Tang showed dose-dependent inhibitory activity on the compound 48/80-induced ear swelling response (P<0.05) and histamine release (P<0.01). G-Tang (0.001-0.1 g/kg) significantly inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (P<0.05) in mice. The production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was also significantly inhibited (about 47.4%, at 0.1 mg/ml, P<0.01) by treatment of G-tang in anti-dinitrophenyl IgE antibodystimulated mast cells. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Findings of our study showed that G-Tang inhibited immediate type allergic reaction in a murine model and may be beneficial in the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases.
Subject(s)
Anaphylaxis/chemically induced , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Dinitrophenols/immunology , Ear/anatomy & histology , Histamine Release/drug effects , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Korea , Mast Cells/drug effects , Medicine, East Asian Traditional , Mice , Plant Extracts/immunology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology , p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine/immunologyABSTRACT
Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable disease with 1.5 million people infected world-wide annually. Improvement in the socio-economic status and general public health measures of Asian countries over the last 20 years has led to a shift in the seroprevalence of hepatitis A in many of these countries. In Korea, like in many other developed countries, this lowered endemicity has caused an upward shift in the average age of infection, resulting in larger numbers of individuals at risk of clinically significant hepatitis A infection. Sporadic outbreaks increase the public health burden of the disease. Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines are an effective prevention measure and have been shown to be safe, efficacious and well-tolerated in Korean children. Given this changing epidemiology of the disease and the associated increase in morbidity, vaccination of young children who are not immune, as well as other high risk groups, should be recommended.
Subject(s)
Developing Countries , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Hepatitis A/epidemiology , Hepatitis A Vaccines/therapeutic use , Humans , Immunization Programs/standards , Korea/epidemiology , Mass Vaccination/standardsABSTRACT
A rinomanometria anterior ativa foi considerado o método de escolha para avaliaçäo da permeabilidade nasal em crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam obstruçäo nasal e foram submetidos a algum tipo de cirurgia para sua correçäo. Desta maneira, pode ser realizado, uma comparaçäo objetiva entre os resultados pré e pós-operatórios