Anomalous branching patterns of the axillary artery / Patrones de ramificación anómalos de la arteria axilar

Arterial variations in the upper limbs can cause iatrogenic injury during invasive procedures. During educational dissection of countered uncommon branching patterns of the axillary artery which have not yet been reported yet, to our knowledge. First, the second part of the axillary artery was divided into three trunks. The lateral trunk ran downward as a superficial brachioradial artery. The medial trunk raised the lateral thoracic artery, and was divided into the subscapular artery and the posterior circumflex humeral artery. The intermediate trunk branched off the anterior circumflex humeral artery as expected for an axillary artery. Second, in the other cadaver, we found a common trunk containing the thoracoacromial artery and a bulk artery dividing into three branches, the subscapular, posterior circumflex humeral, and lateral thoracic arteries. Taken together, we discuss the clinical implications and possible developmental origins of variations in the axillary artery branching and course.

Las variaciones arteriales en los miembros superiores pueden causar lesiones iatrogénicas al realizarse procedimientos invasivos. Durante una disección de rutina de los patrones de ramificación de la arteria axilar, se encontró una disposición aún no informada. En primer lugar, la segunda porción de la arteria axilar se presentó dividida en tres troncos. El tronco lateral se desplazó hacia abajo como una arteria braquiorradial superficial (arteria radial originándose de la arteria axilar). El tronco medial dio origen a la arteria torácica lateral, y se dividió en arteria subescapular y arteria circunfleja humeral posterior. El tronco intermedio dio origen a la arteria circunfleja humeral anterior como se espera para una arteria axilar. En un segundo cadáver, encontramos un tronco común entre la arteria toracoacromial y una arteria de mayor tamaño que se dividió en tres arterias: subescapular, circunfleja humeral posterior y torácica lateral. Consideradas estas variaciones arteriales en conjunto, se discuten las implicaciones clínicas y posibles orígenes del desarrollo de las variaciones en la ramificación de la arteria axilar y su trayecto.

Recombinant expression and refolding of the c-type lysozyme from Spodoptera litura in E. coli

The chicken-type lysozyme of the insect Spodoptera litura (SLLyz) is a polypeptide of 121 amino acids containing four disulfide bridges and 17 rare codons and participates in innate defense as an anti-bacterial enzyme. The recombinant S. litura lysozyme (rSLLyz) expressed as a C-terminal fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST) in Rosetta(DE3) Singles. The protein was produced as an inclusion body which was solubilized in 8 M urea, renatured by on-column refolding, and purified by reversed-phase chromatography to 95 percent purity. The purified rSLLyz demonstrated antibacterial activity against B. megaterium confirmed by inhibition zone assay. The overexpression and refolding strategy described in this study will provide a reliable technique for maximizing production and purification of proteins expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli.