ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cancer in India and is mediated by multiple genetic, epigenetic and environmental risk factors. A single nucleotide polymorphism rs3025058 at − 1171 of the stromelysin‑1 (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]‑3) promoter is resulting due to insertion/deletion of adenine thought to have an impact on increasing the risk for tumor formation. AIM: This study is aimed to understand the role of stromelysin‑1 rs3025058 (−1171, 5A/6A) promoter polymorphism in the etiology of GC in Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of the GC patients and controls. The genotyping of stromelysin‑1 rs3025058 (−1171, 5A/6A) promoter polymorphism was carried out by amplification refractory mutation system‑polymerase chain reaction method followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: The frequency of 5A/5A, 5A/6A, and 6A/6A genotypes in GC patients were 7.69%, 76.92%, and 15.38%, while in controls were 5.31%, 86.73%, and7.96%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the distribution of 5A/6A genotype in patients compared to the controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed an increased frequency of heterozygotes for stromelysin‑1 rs3025058 and thought to be involved in the etiology of GC.
ABSTRACT
Aim To study the role of 5A/6A polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-3) and their levels in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Methods One hundred and twenty CP patients and an equal number of age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Genotypes were determined for 5A/6A allele of MMP-3 gene by allele specific PCR (AS-PCR). The serum MMP-3 levels were estimated using sandwich ELISA method. Results The distribution of the genotypes of the 5A/6A polymorphism in both control and study patients was similar (p=0.523). Within the disease group, patients with older age, early onset of the disease, and addictions such as smoking and alcohol consumption had higher levels as compared to those who did not have these features. Conclusion We conclude that functional polymorphism of MMP-3 (5A/6A) is not associated with CP. However, the higher levels within the disease group indicate its possible role in the disease process.
ABSTRACT
Gastric cancer is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, especially in developing countries. The incidence of gastric cancer varies from country to country, probably as a result of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. H. pylori infection is considered as a major risk factor in the development of gastric cancer. However, the scenario varies in Asian countries, exhibiting a higher rate of H. pylori infection and low incidence of gastric cancer, which could be attributed to strain-specific virulence factors and host genetic makeup. In this review, we discuss the various virulence factors expressed by this bacterium and their interaction with the host factors, to influence pathogenesis.