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Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare and low-grade sarcoma of fibroblast origin with a tendency to invade and recur locally. The most common sites of origin of DFSP are the head, neck, and extremities. However, DFSP breast has also been reported. It infiltrates surrounding subcutaneous tissue and fascia, with an incidence of <2% for lung metastases. Surgery being the main modality of the treatment, literature has shown that radiation therapy also plays an important role to improve local control in case of recurrent tumors. In this article, we will be discussing one such rare case of DFSP in a recurrent setting and the role of radiation therapy.
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Background: The study was undertaken to evaluate LV functions (systolic and diastolic) and potential complications by M-mode echocardiography in patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to observe determinants of the left ventricular functions using echocardiography in female AMI cases. Materials and Methods: The present research was done after taking permission from Institutional Ethics Committee and consent was taken from all subjects. A case–control study was conducted with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched 40 normal female healthy controls and 75 cases of AMI were subjected for general examination/history taking and demographic profile assessment. Echocardiographically detailed left ventricular functional indices were evaluated over mitral annulus. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: The major sites of myocardial infarction (MI) were anteroseptal (54.6%), inferior wall (40%), and posterior/lateral wall (4%) in the cases. The baseline and functional parameters were compared and analyzed. Both the study groups were having BMI in overweight area. Hemodynamic parameters were showing statistically significant difference and the AMI cases having lower values. Hemodynamic parameters heart rates (P = 0.002) were significant, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were highly significant (P < 0.001). Further, (P < 0.001) statically significant difference was present in stroke volume, cardiac output, and CI with lower values in MI cases as compared to healthy subjects. The reduced ejection fraction and reduced FFS were observed in the cases which were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Further, there was elevation in ESS and EISS which was statistically significant (P < 0.001) in AMI cases. There was decrease in E (P < 0.001), elevation in A (P <0.001) and reduction in E/A ratio (P < 0.001) which was statistically significant, in AMI patients as compared to healthy subjects in this study. Conclusion: In AMI patients, the LV function is affected and was reduced. Echocardiographic assessment of patients of AMI gives us prognosis of cases which allows us to reduce risks and start treatment to decrease morbidity and mortality. Although researches are to be done to observe the nature of LV, it is treated with stress in physiology and pharmacology.
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With the advancement in various molecular diagnostic tools, DNA Barcoding has emerged as a gold standard molecular diagnostic tool across the globe. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been widely used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for treating a variety of ailments. Plants of the genus Andrographis have been extensively used for treating different types of ailments. In this study, rarely studied medicinal plant species were isolated, sequenced at the genetic level and studied for their evolutionary characteristics using phylogenetic analysis. In the present study, the identity of A. echioides was confirmed by targeting different barcoding genes such as ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, internal transcribed spacer, RNA polymerase-beta subunit, maturase K, and photosystem II protein D1 genes using a phylogenetic approach. After successful isolation and amplification of genomic DNA, specific primers were utilised for sequencing of each barcoding gene, followed by nucleotide BLAST analysis to determine the sequence percent identity of each gene with that from other plant species. The best homologs were then utilised for conducting phylogenetic analysis which confirmed the identity of the plant as Andrographis echioides.
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Drug discovery aimed at the methodical extermination of life-threatening bacterial infection, especially considering the emergence of multi-drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria has remained a challenge for medicinal inorganic chemistry. In this article, the mixed ligand complexes of Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) containing heterocyclic ligands were synthesized and characterized by IR, LC-MS, UV, and TG-DTA. Complexes are screened for Anti-microbial activity against human pathogenic bacteria.
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Ivermectin, an FDA approved broad-spectrum anti-parasitic agent has been recently reported to show an inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 in an in-vitro study. This antiviral response has rendered it as a potential drug to be repurposed for COVID-19. Previously, ivermectin had showed inhibitory activity against RNA viruses in-vitro and DNA viruses in-vitro and in-vivo respectively. Much of its characterization has been related to SARS-CoV wherein viral proteins interacting with IMPα/β1 (Importins) were proposed to enhance the viral infectivity. These documentations serve as a ray of hope for considering ivermectin in treating COVID-19 due to its suggested nuclear transport inhibitory mechanism. Importantly, these recent findings warrant detailed investigations for understanding its benefit in terms of efficacy and safety in COVID-19 patients. This review article throws light on the current consensus in this regard.
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Background: In 2019, a novel virus belonging to the coronavirus (CoV) family, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan,China’s Hubei province. This was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China at the end of that year and isnow known as COVID -19.Although this is a new strain, related coronaviruses can cause illnesses ranging fromthe common cold to more severe diseases such as SARS and MERS as per the literature.The clinical presentationis generally that of a respiratory infection with a symptom severity ranging from a mild common cold-like illness,to a severe viral pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome that is potentially fatal.Aim and Objective of the study: Unprecedented measures have been espoused to control the rapid spread of theenduring COVID-19 epidemic in Andhra Pradesh. Health science students and primary health care physician’sadherence to control measures is prejudiced by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID19.The battle against COVID-19 is continuing in India. To guarantee the final success, public adherence to thesecontrol measures are vital, which is mostly pretentious by their knowledge, Awareness, and practices (KAP)towards COVID-19 in accordance with KAP theory.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study is designed to include health sciences students and primary healthcare physicians in Andhra Pradesh state. An interview questionnaire has been designed to assessKnowledge,Awareness and Practices of health sciences students and primary health care physicians, regardingCOVID -19.Results and Discussion: All the registered study participants after giving their consent,completed the questionnaireperfectly. Regarding the Sociodemographic characteristics, out of 243,Male 79 (32.5), Female 164 (67.5) in Gender.Majority of the study participants 128(52.7%) were from Allied Health Science background, 95 (39.1% ) medicinebackground 10(4.1%) and others 10(4.1%). Knowledge variables,Type of Locality and Educational qualificationsvariables, *Awareness variable and *Practices variables i.e.,Occupation variable unvarying with demographicsusing Multiple linear regression endured significant.Educational qualifications variables and Monthly incomewise most of the study participants are students 208.
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Background: Thyroid gland a brownish red, highly vascular endocrine gland consisting of two lateral lobesconnected by an isthmus. It lies in front of the second, third and fourth tracheal rings. It is one of the commonestglands well known for its developmental anomalies, ranging from common to rare ones. The thyroid surgeonmust have full knowledge of the anatomy of the thyroid gland, including all of its embryological, congenital, oracquired variations. Levator glandulae thyroideae (LGT), the persistent part of thyroglossal duct(fibromusculoglandular) stretches from the pyramidal lobe or upper border of isthmus of thyroid gland to thebody of the hyoid bone, usually on the left side. Presence of the pyramidal lobe (thyroid tissue remnant ofembryological origin located in the pretracheal region between the isthmus and the hyoid bone), may impactcompleteness of thyroidectomy. These variations will help the surgeons in planning thyroid surgeries in abetter and safe way.Materials and Observations: Dissection was carried out routinely in 34 cadavers of both sexes in which 2cadavers presented with LGT. In one cadaver LGT was extending from the left lobe of thyroid gland to hyoid bone.In the other cadaver in addition to the LGT, abnormal extent of the pyramidal lobe (PL). Thus accounting for anincidence of 5.80% variation, both the variations were noted in one male and one female cadavers.Conclusion: In the present study occurrence of thyroid anomalies (morphological variations) such as pyramidallobes along with LGT is vital, while dealing with thyroid surgeries in the neck region to avoid iatrogenic injuriesduring complete removal of the gland tissue. Knowledge of embryology of thyroid gland is vital as complexunderlying embryology produces substantial anatomic variations both in thyroid bed and elsewhere in theneck and mediastinum.
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Background: A right concept has to be obtained to the medical student’s during their under-graduation periodbecause knowledge of Anatomy forms the basic foundation for most of clinical subjects like Medicine, Surgery,OBG, ENT, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Radiology and Neurology. So, we professors need to give a clear tridimensional familiarity of human body using best teaching methodology. In medical education technology, thereis a swift change from Blackboard to virtual simulations and other teaching methodologies. So we have takenfeedback from the students so that the best teaching aid and method can be adopted to improve their academicperformance. The study was designed to know the preferred one amongst teaching aids like traditional chalk &board versus Power Point Presentation among the 1st Year MBBS students.Methods: For a period of 3 years150 MBBS students of 2016-17 batch from Malla Reddy Institute of medicalsciences, Suraram, 2017-2018 batch of Maheshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitkul village, Patancheru,and 2019-20 batch from Mamata Academy of Medical sciences, Bachupally of Telangana state were selectedand delivered Anatomy lectures for a period of 3 months. The questionnaire was prepared covering the differentaspects of the lecture and was asked to voluntarily go through the questionnaire and evaluate their preferencesafter each class.Results: Out of 450 students of 3 consecutive years Blackboard was preferred by 139 students, 90 studentspreferred PowerPoint Presentation and 183 students preferred both the teaching methods and 38 students wereabsent totally.Conclusion: By using and adopting the best teaching aids the teacher can improve the academic performance ofthe students. Thus, there is a scope for improvisation in medical education and forming a strong basic foundationfor medical graduates
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A new stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the estimation of glycopyrrolate in pharmaceutical formulations. A contemporary approach to analytical life-cycle management was followed to develop a robust and reliable chromatographic method. Scouted method variables such as % methanol, the strength of tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate and mobile phase flow rate were optimized using the design of experiment approach and their effect on critical quality attributes was studied. The critical quality attributes viz. retention time, theoretical plate count and symmetry factor were highly influenced by the three critical method variables. Optimum chromatography was attained on a C-18 column with a mobile phase methanol: 10 mM tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (80:20, v/v) flowing at 1.0 mL.min-1. Chromatographic method specificity was ensured by degrading the drug forcefully. Validation studies postulated method acceptability and suitability for estimating glycopyrrolate in both bulk as well as injection formulation. Results for parameters viz. linearity (5-250 µg.mL-1), accuracy (>99%) and precision (<2%) advocated method reliability. Overall the method was reliable and of optimum quality and, possess the potential of application in routine and bio-analytical purposes
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Chromatography/instrumentation , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Validation Study , Glycopyrrolate/agonists , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Sensitivity and Specificity , Characidae/classification , Injections/adverse effects , MethodsABSTRACT
Background: It has been possible to set up special newborn care units (SNCUs) and to improve the survival of newborns in India. However, several challenges remain affecting their effective functioning. Different approaches have been attempted and several policies have also been implemented to address this issue. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of implementing best practices in neonatal care by onsite mentoring in an SNCU over 4 months. Methods: The mentoring team was from a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka. The SNCU was functioning at the district hospital, catering to approximately 3500 live births per year. Onsite mentoring was carried out from August 2016 to November 2016. This was a prospective implementation research. Framework focused on infection control, preterm care, care at birth, advocacy for infrastructure and resources, and facility-based refresher training. Results: A total of 16 visits were done by the mentoring team and 2 weeks of in-house residency. There were improvements in hand hygiene compliance from 0% to 87.5%, in cleaner IV site (from 50% to 100%), decreased unnecessary oxygen administration (from 75% to 33.3%), decreased antibiotic usage (from 70.5% to 35.5%), decrease in the number of babies receiving >5 days of antibiotics (from 41.6% to 0%), and increased kangaroo mother care initiation rate from 0% to 41.6%. The facility got level IIA accreditation by the end of the intervention period. Conclusions: Onsite mentorship program of SNCU is feasible and planning should be contextual. With the problems being uniform across most facilities, the model could be replicated across the country.
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Introduction: Radiation-induced mucositis is quite bothersome due to acute complications in patients receiving radiotherapy(RT) and even more pronounced with the combined chemoradiotherapy. Mucositis manifests itself as erythema, edema, orulceration that can be accompanied by a mild burning sensation.Aim: This study aims to compare the efficacy of oral glutamine in the prevention of chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositisin head-and-neck cancer patients.Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients with malignancy confirmed in histopathology who were undergoing conventionalRT for head-and-neck cancer were divided into two groups, Group A receives oral glutamine 10 g in 1000 ml of water 2 h beforethe RT and Group B undergoes conventional RT. The outcome was measured in the 6th week of RT and 3rd week of post-RT.Results: Twenty-six patients (65%) had carcinoma of the oropharynx, while 14 patients (35%) had carcinoma of the larynx.In this study, 75% of patients in Group A and 85% of patients in Group B are in Stage IV cancers. Supplementation with oralglutamine before RT shown a significant reduction in incidence of mucositis compared to the control group. Post-RT, there wasa significant reduction in number mucositis cases in Group A than Group B.Conclusion: Oral glutamine decreased the incidence of chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis.
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Aim: The present study was aimed to synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Zanthoxylum ovalifolium leaf essential oil extracts and to screen the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial potential of the same. Place and Duration of Study: The studies were carried out at Department of Botany, AVK College for Women, Hassan and Department of Biochemistry, Aurora’s Degree & PG College, Hyderabad from July 2017 to June 2018 Methodology: The essential oil from leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles of essential oil extract was carried out and characterized by using UV-VIS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated in all the extracts. Furthermore, all the extracts were evaluated for anti-microbial activity against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria and four pathogenic fungi using agar disc diffusion technique. Subsequently the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined. Results: The major compounds identified were Limonene, isofenchol, Geijerene, isothujanol, Borneol, dihydrocarveol, isobornyl acetate, pregeijerene, b-elemene, trans-caryophyllene and Germacrene D. The TEM analysis of nanoparticles synthesized showed a size of 8 to 14 nm with a lmax of 450nm. All the extracts were evaluated for in vitro anti-oxidant activity where the AgNP of essential oil extract showed maximum activity of 89.61% and 84.92% respectively for both DPPH free radical scavenging and Hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assays at a concentration of 100µg/ml. Among all the bacteria tested, B. subtilis was most susceptible at 100µg/ml with zone of inhibition of 22.5mm. While among all the fungi tested, A. niger inhibited more effectively by the AgNP of essential oil extract at 100µg/ml with a zone of inhibition of 16.2mm. Conclusion: The results obtained were remarkable suggesting that AgNP of essential oil extract possess excellent anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity and can be an alternative bio-friendly source for various pharmaceutical industries.
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Background: This study evaluated the antioxidant effects of Resveratrol on stress-induced neuronal loss in ratbrain involving brain glutathione system.Materials and Methods: The control rats received vehicle while another set of rats received 21 days restraintstress. The third and fourth group received similar intensity of restraint stress as well as either 10 or 20mg/kgdose of resveratrol respectively. The cognitive test included passive avoidance test. This was followed by estimationof reduced glutathione and glutathione reductase enzyme levels in brain homogenate and histomorphologicalstudy of hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex.Results: Restraint stress has resulted in poor retrieval of learning behaviour and resveratrol has enhancedretrieval of learning behaviour in stressed condition in passive avoidance task. Both reduced glutathione andglutathione reductase levels were reduced after restraint stress and resveratrol at both the doses has normalizedtheir levels. Restraint stress has affected CA3, CA2 and dentate regions of the hippocampus and also medialprefrontal cortex. In all these areas resveratrol has minimized neuronal loss which were due to chronic stress.Conclusion: From the results of the present study we conclude that stress induced oxidative damage involvesbrain glutathione system and which in turn could be one of the causes for neuronal loss and resveratrol suggeststo protect the brain against stress in rat model.
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Aim: This study was carried out find the feasibility of utilizing raw mango seed coat under various process conditions to produce the best activated carbon by chemical activation and compared with commercial activated carbon. Methodology: Activated carbon was produced by chemical activation under various process conditions such as different activation temperatures, activating agents, impregnation volume percentages and activation times for pyrolysis in a programmable electrical furnace with reactor in the absence of air. Results: The results were compared using phosphoric acid having 50% impregnation volume to other activating agents, the activating temperature was 400oC, activation time 1 hr, iodine number, methylene blue number, % yield and B.E.T surface area being 831 mg g-1, 212 mg g-1, 41.09% and 1114 m2 g-1 respectively. Interpretation: Carbon samples prepared using mango seed coat treated by H3PO4, showed clear open porous structures along with a larger pore size compared to commercially available activated carbon.
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Background: Cadaveric dissection has been used for centuries for teaching gross anatomy all over the world. Ithas been considered as a necessity to learn gross anatomy and helps the medical students in understanding thethree-dimensional relationship of different anatomical structures and variations. But the paucity of cadaversand high financial cost has considerably contributed to the development of alternative teaching techniques.Advancement in web-based medical technology leads to the development of virtual dissection programs. Theseprograms have been found to be an effective way to teach anatomy and are being preferred over cadavericdissection. Is cadaveric dissection simply a rite of passage or is it a necessity? The aim of our study was todetermine whether cadaveric dissection is a necessity in medical education, and if it can be replaced by neweralternative techniques like computer based dissection procedure.Materials and Methods: A batch of 150, 1st MBBS students of Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabadwere studied by dividing them into 2 groups of 75 each after subjecting them to Conventional based Learning(CNVL) of dissection versus Computer Based Learning (CBL). A questionnaire was given to both the students andthe faculty. Based on the response to the questionnaire statistical analysis was done.Results: The present study indicated that the Computer Based Learning in dissection (CBL) method was found tobe more effective method for teaching anatomy by 79% of the students and 84% of faculty doctors. The valuer=0.89 shows the pre & post score has correlated positively and has an effect of study. (Paired Two Sample t-test:p=3.24E-29<0.05). As well the results were found to be increased with the pre (35%) to post test (65%) and p<0.05implies the effect.Conclusion: The three dimensional (3D) modeling of anatomical structures in the human body was presented indetailed step by step cadaveric dissections. It also provided detailed human anatomical training for students,where there is a lack of cadaver facility and where there are more students to cadaver ratio. Thus, the multimediaequipped interactive anatomical laboratory software enhance both memorization and visual learning skills ofthe medical students
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Background: Nanoparticle coated implants have revolutionized the field of implantology. Peri-implantitis is one of the main for implant failure. Most implant failures are due to Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Actinomyces concomitant. Aim: To evaluate and compare the antibacterial effect of titanium, zirconium, aluminum nanoparticles against S. aureus and P. gingivalis at 24, 72 hrs and 1 week intervals. Materials and Methods: According to ISO/TR 11175:1993, the samples were prepared in disc shape with 20-mm diameter and 1-mm thickness in Grade IV titanium. The samples were decontaminated by sonicating in acetone and subsequently in water three times for 15 min. A total of eighty samples were made, then coated with nanoparticles, and divided into Group-A (control), Group-B (Ti nanoparticles coating), Group-C (Zi nanoparticles coating), and Group-D (Al nanoparticles coating). The discs were sterilized under ultraviolet radiation and placed in Mueller-Hinton agar medium for S. aureus and blood agar for P. gingivalis. The colonies were counted at 24, 72 hrs and 1 week intervals. Statistical Analysis Used: The values were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference test. Results: The P < 0.001 showed that statistically significant difference in colony forming unit had been found in titanium nanoparticles coated samples at 24, 72 hrs and 1 week intervals. Conclusion: TiO2 nanoparticle coated titanium discs showed significant antibacterial effect.
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It is intriguing to note that majority of the wasting among the under 5 yr in India is present at birth. The National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4) data analysis shows 31.9 per cent wasting at birth, which is decreasing to 17.7 per cent in the under five children; clearly suggesting that any reduction in wasting should come from improvement in foetal growth. In addition, children with both severe wasting and severe stunting, in whom the risk of mortality increases many folds, are <1 per cent in almost all the States; and these are the children in whom special care is required under the community-based management of severe acute malnutrition. This article presents an overview of nutrition status in children, their antecedents, and the critical phases; especially, nutrition status before pregnancy that plays a crucial role in all the nutrition status indicators of children. More attention on the critical phases is crucial to maximize the benefits from national programmes.
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Background ,Abdominal wound dehiscence is a common complication of emergency laparotomy in Indian setup.Factors as relates to burst abdomen and they recommended certain surgical measures. These measures included control of nausea and vomiting, decompression of distended abdomen, choice of appropriate sutures, control ofinfection and use abdominal drains.Wound dehiscence is related to the technique of closure of abdomen and the suture used. it is interned to study the closure of abdomen with non-absorbable (Polypropylene, Nylon) versus delayed-absorbable (Polydiaxanone)in cases operated at V.S. Hospital , Ahmedabad with respect to the effectiveness of these different suture materials in our setup.METHODS AND MATERIALS:The present clinical Prospective comparative study was carried out at the surgery department of V.S. hospital from June2014 to Jan 2017. Patients underwent both elective and emergency laparotomy through midline vertical incisions. First 50 cases of midline laparotomy closure were studied with these three suture materials; Polydiaxanone (PDS), Nylon and Polypropylene (PPL) with/without retention suture. The patients were followed regularly after surgery up to 6 months.RESULT:Wound infection is the most important single factor in the development of burst abdomen and incisional hernia.61The incidence of wound infection was in Polypropylene (Prolene)(12.5%), in Polydiaxanone (PDS) (20%) and in Loop Nylon(12.5%) .The incidence of wound infection was related to type of surgery . As in over study infections were higher in emergency surgery then planned surgery, it was 10% in PDS group,12.5% in PPL group and 12.5% in loop nylon group. And in planned surgery only one case had wound infection, which was in nylon group.CONCLUSION:continuous suture technique using no.1 loop Polydiaxanone(PDS) had comparatively higher incidence of wound infection, and also report a case of burst abdomen, but had low incidence of scar pain for closure of midline laparotomy incision, No.1 Polypropylene had high incidence of stitch granuloma and Loop nylon no.1 had a low incidence of infection and stitch granuloma but high incidence of scar pain.. Burst abdomen had high incidence in high risk patient irrespective of suture material used, however this incidence can be reduced by prophylactic retention suturing