ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate mucosal immunity related to forkhead box P3 (FOXP3+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, T helper 17 (Th17) cells and cytokines in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: Mucosal tissues from terminal ileum and colon and serum samples were collected from twelve children with IBD and seven control children. Immunohistochemical staining was done using anti-human FOXP3 and anti-RORγt antibodies. Serum levels of cytokines were analyzed using a multiplex assay covering interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A/F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, interferon (IFN)-γ, soluble CD40L, and tumor necrosis factor-α. RESULTS: FOXP3+ Treg cells in the lamina propria (LP) of terminal ileum of patients with Crohn's disease were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the healthy controls. RORγt+ T cells of terminal ileum tended to be higher in Crohn's disease than those in the control. In the multiplex assay, serum concentrations (pg/mL) of IL-4 (9.6 ± 1.5 vs. 12.7 ± 3.0), IL-21 (14.9 ± 1.5 vs. 26.4 ± 9.1), IL-33 (14.3 ± 0.9 vs. 19.1 ± 5.3), and IFN-γ (15.2 ± 5.9 vs. 50.2 ± 42.4) were significantly lower in Crohn's disease than those in the control group. However, serum concentration of IL-6 (119.1 ± 79.6 vs. 52.9 ± 39.1) was higher in Crohn's disease than that in the control. Serum concentrations of IL-17A (64.2 ± 17.2 vs. 28.3 ± 10.0) and IL-22 (37.5 ± 8.8 vs. 27.2 ± 3.7) were significantly higher in ulcerative colitis than those in Crohn's disease. CONCLUSION: Mucosal immunity analysis showed increased FOXP3+ T reg cells in the LP with Crohn's disease while Th17 cell polarizing and signature cytokines were decreased in the serum samples of Crohn's disease but increased in ulcerative colitis.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Antibodies , CD40 Ligand , Colitis, Ulcerative , Colon , Crohn Disease , Cytokines , Ileum , Immunity, Mucosal , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Interferons , Interleukin-10 , Interleukin-17 , Interleukin-23 , Interleukin-33 , Interleukin-4 , Interleukin-6 , Interleukins , Mucous Membrane , Necrosis , T-Lymphocytes , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Th17 CellsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE : We investigated the relationship between the severity of the disease and the abnormality of some ocular movements in parkinson's disease. BACKGROUND: Disorders of eye movements have been described in diseases of the basal ganglia for over a century and ocular motor deficits of the saccadic and pursuit system have been reported in parkinsonian patients. METHOD : We studied the electro-oculography of the eye tracking and saccadic movement in 26 patients (11 males, 15 females) with Parkinson's disease. The severity of the disease was divided into two groups by Hoehn & Yahr(H-Y) staging, H-Y stage 1, 2(group A) and H-Y stage 3, 4 (Group B). Some patients antiparkinsonian drugs of L-dopa, dopamine agonist and anticholinergics. RESULT : The velocity of smooth pursuit and the velocity and latency of saccade were calculated and compared between two groups. Eye tracking test revealed decreased pursuit velocity leading to catch-up saccades, but normal phase relationship between eye and target movement, while saccadic eye movement had increased latency. These results showed more profound severity in more advanced stages of the disease. CONCLUSION : We suggest that ocular movement be often chosen as a simple but relevant example of general motor function, as well as criteria for staging of Parkinson's disease and basal ganglia play significant role in ocular movement.