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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448687

ABSTRACT

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) es el agente causal de la gonorrea, infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) que corresponde a la segunda causa más frecuente de ITS a nivel mundial, provocando una alta morbilidad y costo en atención de salud. En las últimas décadas han aumentado los reportes a nivel mundial de cepas resistentes a penicilina, sulfonamidas, tetraciclina, macrólidos y fluoroquinolonas, y más recientemente a azitromicina y cefalosporinas de espectro extendido como ceftriaxona y cefixima. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar la sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos en cepas de N. gonorrhoeae que fueron enviadas al Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública (LCSP), por los centros colaboradores de la Red de Vigilancia Laboratorial de la Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (RAM). Para ello, se realizó un estudio prospectivo de corte transversal de enero a diciembre de 2021. Se caracterizaron 128 cepas como N. gonorrhoeae a las cuales se le realizaron pruebas de susceptibilidad obteniéndose 48% de resistencia y 52% de sensibilidad intermedia a penicilina. El 70% presentó resistencia a ciprofloxacina y el 19% a tetraciclina. Se obtuvo 100% de sensibilidad a ceftriaxona y cefixima. El fenotipo de resistencia de mayor prevalencia fue QRNG, asociado con resistencia a ciprofloxacina, seguido del fenotipo PPNG-QRNG, asociado con resistencia a penicilina y ciprofloxacina. Ante estos hallazgos y frente a la emergencia mundial de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos, especialmente de cefalosporinas de espectro extendido, se recomienda que los laboratorios de bacteriología fortalezcan la vigilancia para apoyar la detección de casos y proporcionar el tratamiento adecuado.


Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) is the causal agent of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is the second most common cause of STIs worldwide, causing high morbidity and cost in health care. In recent decades, reports of strains resistant to penicillin, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, macrolides, and more recently to azithromycin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone and cefixime have increased worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity to antimicrobials in N. gonorrhoeae strains that were sent to the Central Laboratory of Public Health (LCSP), by the collaborating centers of the Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Surveillance Network (RAM). For this, a prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from January to December, 2021. One hundred eighty strains were characterized as N. gonorrhoeae, which were subjected to sensitivity tests, obtaining 48% resistance and 52% intermediate sensitivity to penicillin while 70% presented resistance to ciprofloxacin and 19% to tetracycline. Also, 100% sensitivity to ceftriaxone and cefixime was obtained. The most prevalent resistance phenotype was QRNG, associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin, followed by the PPNG-QRNG phenotype, associated with resistance to penicillin and ciprofloxacin. Given these findings and the global emergence of antimicrobial resistance, especially extended-spectrum cephalosporins, it is recommended that bacteriology laboratories fortify surveillance to support case detection and provide appropriate treatment.

2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386316

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Las carbapenemasas se encuentran ampliamente distribuidas en nuestro país, tanto en bacilos gramnegativos fermentadores como no fermentadores. Durante 2021, se ha reportado incremento de cepas con estas enzimas. Con el objetivo de evaluar la doble producción de carbapenemasas en Enterobacterales y comunicar su circulación, fue puesta a punto una PCR convencional múltiple. Estudio retrospectivo en 128 aislamientos provenientes de 20 centros colaboradores de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia de la RAM (Capital, Central e interior del país), remitidos al LCSP entre febrero y setiembre de 2021, para confirmación y genotipificación de carbapenemasas. Se realizaron pruebas fenotípicas y colorimétricas con sustratos específicos, y pruebas genotípicas (PCR convencional múltiple) para la detección simultánea de varios genes de resistencia (bla NDM, bla KPC, bla OXA-48-like, bla IMP y bla VIM). De los 128 aislamientos estudiados, 107 correspondieron a Klebsiella pneumoniae, 14 a Enterobacter cloacae complex, entre otros; aislados en mayor frecuencia de muestras de orina (30%), respiratorias (30%), sangre y catéter (24%). Los genes de resistencia a los carbapenemes detectados fueron: bla NDM (77,3%), bla KPC (17,2%); siendo confirmada la doble producción de carbapenemasas en 7 aislamientos (5,5%) provenientes de 4 centros diferentes de la capital de país y uno de Central; 6 de ellas (K. pneumoniae) con bla NDM+bla KPC y 1 (E. cloacae complex) con bla NDM+bla OXA-48-like; confirmando circulación de Enterobacterales dobles productores de carbapenemasas en el país (KPC+NDM y OXA+NDM); hallazgos que obligan a proveer de capacidades de detección, de manera a que se puedan tomar medidas oportunas y eficaces de contención y control.


ABSTRACT Carbapenemases are widely distributed in our country, both in fermenting and non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli. During 2021, an increase in strains with these enzymes has been reported. In order to evaluate the double production of carbapenemases in Enterobacterales and communicate their circulation, a multiple conventional PCR was set up. Retrospective study carried out in 128 isolates from 20 collaborating centers of the National AMR Surveillance Network (Capital, Central and interior of the country), sent to the LCSP between February and September 2021, for confirmation and genotyping of carbapenemases. Phenotypic and colorimetric tests were performed with specific substrates, as well as genotypic tests (multiple conventional PCR) for the simultaneous detection of several resistance genes (blaNDM, blaKPC, blaOXA-48-like, blaIMP and blaVIM). Of the 128 isolates studied, 107 corresponded to Klebsiella pneumoniae, 14 to Enterobacter cloacae complex, among others; isolated in higher frequency from urine (30%), respiratory (30%), blood and catheter (24%) samples. The genes for resistance to carbapenems detected were: blaNDM (77.3%), blaKPC (17.2%); the double production of carbapenemases was confirmed in 7 isolates (5.5%) from 4 different centers in the capital of the country and one in Central; 6 of them (K. pneumoniae) with blaNDM + blaKPC and 1 (E. cloacae complex) with blaNDM + blaOXA-48-like; confirming circulation of double Enterobacterales producers of carbapenemases in the country (KPC + NDM and OXA + NDM); findings that require the provision of detection capabilities, so that timely and effective containment and control measures can be taken.

3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1337804

ABSTRACT

La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM), representa un grave problema por el uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos de amplio espectro. En nuestro país, durante el primer cuatrimestre del año, se observó un aumento inusual en el número de aislamiento de gérmenes multirresistentes, sobre todo de bacilos gramnegativos, los cuales fueron remitidos al laboratorio de referencia con el objetivo de caracterizar los genes de resistencia a los carbapenemes. Estudio observacional y prospectivo de corte transversal en 456 aislamientos de bacilos gramnegativos provenientes de 11 centros colaboradores de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia de la RAM, remitidos al Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública entre enero y abril de 2021, para la detección molecular (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple) de los genes de resistencia enzimática bla OXA-51, bla OXA-23, bla OXA-24, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-58, bla NDM, bla KPC, bla IMP, bla VIM. Trescientos sesenta correspondieron a bacilos gramnegativos no fermentadores: 346 Acinetobacter baumannii y 14 Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 96 fueron miembros de Enterobacterales, siendo prevalente Klebsiella pneumoniae (81). Todos los aislamientos de Acinetobacter baumannii resultaron ser productores de carbapenemasas: OXA-23 (94%), NDM (4%), NMD+OXA-58 (2%); en Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7 de los 14 aislamientos (50%) fueron portadores de metalobetalactamasa del genotipo NDM (100%). Los genotipos NDM (92%) y KPC (8%) fueron confirmados en Enterobacterales. La resistencia plasmídica a carbapenemes es endémica en nuestro país, siendo prevalentes los genotipos OXA-23 en Acinetobacter baumannii y NDM en Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Enterobacterales


Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a serious problem due to the indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. During the first quarter of the year, an unusual increase in the number of isolation multi-resistant germs, especially gram-negative bacilli was observed, specially of Gram-negative bacilli which were referred to the reference laboratory in order to characterize the carbapenems resistance genes. Observational and prospective cross-sectional study in 456 isolates of Gram-negative bacilli from 11 collaborating centers of the National AMR Surveillance Network, referred to the Central Public Health Laboratory (LCSP) between January and April 2021, for molecular detection (multiple polymerase chain reaction) targeting the enzymatic resistance genes: bla OXA-51, bla OXA-23, bla OXA-24, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-58, bla NDM, bla KPC, bla IMP, bla VIM. Of the 456 isolates studied, 360 corresponded to non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, of which 346 were confirmed as Acinetobacter baumannii and 14 Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 96 were Enterobacterales, being Klebsiella pneumoniae (81) the most prevalent. All isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii carried genes encoding carbapenemases, being the OXA-23 (94%) followed by NDM (4%) and NDM +OXA-58 (2%). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, 7 of the 14 isolates (50%) were carriers of NDM metallobetalactamase (100%). No carbapenemase gene was detected in the remaining 7. In all Enterobacterales strains, the presence of carbapenemases of the NDM (92%) and KPC (8%) genotypes were confirmed. Plasmid resistance to carbapenems is endemic in our country, being the OXA-23 genotypes prevalent in Acinetobacter baumannii and NDM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales


Subject(s)
Pseudomonas Infections , Acinetobacter baumannii , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bacteria , Drug Resistance , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Genotype
4.
Texto & contexto enferm ; 29: e20190012, Jan.-Dec. 2020. tab
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1145139

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the safety culture in surgical units of a teaching hospital in different periods of hospital management. Method: this is a descriptive and analytical study developed with health professionals working at a surgical center and at five surgical inpatient units in two different periods of hospital management in southern Brazil. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire was answered by 73 professionals in period I (2014/2015) and by 158 professionals in period II (2017). The analysis was based on descriptive statistics and on inferential analysis and reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha coefficient; the dimensions were considered strong when the percentage of positive answers was ≥75%. Results: the administrative transition had a positive influence on the "Staffing" and "Handoffs and transitions" dimensions and a negative influence on "Teamwork within units" (p<0.001), with no difference in the remaining nine dimensions. In both periods, no dimension was considered strong; there were no changes with regard to the notification of adverse events and to the overall safety assessment; and the overall reliability of the instrument was satisfactory (0.89). Conclusion: the administrative transition of hospital management had little impact on the dimensions of the organizational safety culture, and there are still challenges in the progressive development of this predictor of patient safety.


RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la cultura de seguridad en unidades quirúrgicas de un hospital escuela en diferentes períodos de la gestión hospitalaria. Método: estudio descriptivo y analítico desarrollado con profesionales de la salud que se desempeñan en un centro quirúrgico y en cinco unidades de internación quirúrgica en dos períodos distintos de gestión hospitalaria en el sur de Brasil. El cuestionario Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture fue respondido por 73 profesionales en el período I (2014/2015) y por 158 en el período II (2017). El análisis se realizó por medio de estadística descriptiva y análisis inferencial y de la confiabilidad a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach; las dimensiones se consideraron como puntos favorables cuando presentaron puntuaciones ≥75% de respuestas positivas. Resultados: la transición administrativa ejerció una influencia positiva sobre las dimensiones "Dotación de personal" y "Cambios de turno/transiciones" y una influencia negativa sobre "Trabajo en equipo dentro de las unidades" (p<0,001), sin diferencia alguna en las otras nueve dimensiones. En ambos períodos, ninguna dimensión fue considerada como un punto favorable; no se registraron cambios referentes a la notificación de eventos adversos ni en la evaluación global de la seguridad; y la confiabilidad general del instrumento fue satisfactoria (0,89). Conclusión: la transición administrativa de la gestión hospitalaria tuvo escaso efecto sobre las dimensiones de la cultura de seguridad organizacional, manteniéndose así los desafíos en la construcción progresiva de este predictor de la seguridad del paciente.


RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a cultura de segurança em unidades cirúrgicas de hospital de ensino em períodos distintos da gestão hospitalar. Método: descritivo e analítico desenvolvido com profissionais de saúde atuantes em um centro cirúrgico e em cinco unidades de internação cirúrgica em dois distintos períodos de gestão hospitalar no sul do Brasil. Responderam ao questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture 73 profissionais no período I (2014/2015) e 158 no período II (2017). A análise se deu por estatística descritiva e análise inferencial e da confiabilidade pelo alfa de Cronbach; dimensões foram consideradas fortes quando apresentaram escores ≥75% de respostas positivas. Resultados: a transição administrativa influenciou positivamente nas dimensões "Adequação de profissionais" e "Passagem de plantão/transferências" e negativamente em "Trabalho em equipe dentro das unidades" (p<0,001), sem diferença nas demais nove dimensões. Em ambos os períodos nenhuma dimensão foi considerada forte; não ocorreram mudanças referentes à notificação de eventos adversos e na avaliação global de segurança; a confiabilidade geral do instrumento foi satisfatória (0,89). Conclusão: a transição administrativa da gestão hospitalar pouco impactou nas dimensões da cultura de segurança organizacional, mantendo-se os desafios na construção progressiva desse preditor de segurança do paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Organizational Culture , Nursing , Patient Safety , Hospital Administration
5.
REME rev. min. enferm ; 24: e-1298, fev.2020.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1096504

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar a cultura de segurança em unidades cirúrgicas de três hospitais de ensino paranaenses. Método: survey, transversal, com coleta de dados realizada entre 2017 e 2018, em três hospitais com administração federal, estadual e privada. Utilizou-se o questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, que analisa 12 dimensões da cultura de segurança; aquelas com índices ≥75% foram consideradas fortalecidas. Resultados: a dimensão "trabalho em equipe dentro das unidades" foi identificada como fortalecida no hospital privado (77,8%); nos demais, nenhuma dimensão mostrou cultura fortalecida. Os profissionais do hospital privado externaram, significativamente, percepção menos negativa em seis dimensões de cultura. Comparados aos profissionais médicos, a Enfermagem apresentou percepção mais positiva, com diferença significativa para quatro dimensões. Conclusão: a administração privada estimula a cultura de segurança, quando comparada à pública. As dimensões frágeis são expressivas em todos os segmentos de trabalhadores, tornando-se desafio para promover cultura positiva em unidades cirúrgicas de hospitais de ensino. (AU)


Objective: to analyze the safety culture in surgical units of three teaching hospitals in Paraná. Method: a cross-sectional survey, with data collection, carried out between 2017 and 2018, in three hospitals with federal, state and private administration. We used the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire, which analyzes 12 dimensions of the safety culture; we considered those with rates ≥75% as strengthened. Results: the dimension "teamwork within the units" was identified as strengthened in the private hospital (77.8%); in the others, no dimension showed a strengthened culture. The professionals of the private hospital significantly expressed a less negative perception in six dimensions of culture. Compared to medical professionals, Nursing showed a more positive perception, with a significant difference for four dimensions. Conclusion: private administration encourages a culture of security when compared to public administration. The fragile dimensions are expressive in all segments of workers, making it a challenge to promote a positive culture in surgical units of teaching hospitals.(AU)


Objetivo: analizar la cultura de seguridad en unidades quirúrgicas de tres hospitales docentes del estado de Paraná. Método: encuesta transversal, con recogida de datos realizada entre 2017 y 2018, en tres hospitales de administración federal, estatal y privada. Se utilizó el cuestionario Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture que analiza 12 dimensiones de la cultura de seguridad; aquéllas con tasas ≥75% se consideraron fortalecidas. Resultados: se identificó la dimensión "trabajo en equipo dentro de las unidades" como fortalecida en el hospital privado (77.8%); en los demás, ninguna dimensión mostró una cultura fortalecida. Los profesionales del hospital privado expresaron significativamente una percepción menos negativa en seis dimensiones de la cultura. En comparación con los profesionales médicos, la enfermería mostró una percepción más positiva, con una diferencia significativa en cuatro dimensiones. Conclusión: la administración privada fomenta una cultura de seguridad, en comparación con la pública. Las dimensiones frágiles son expresivas en todos los segmentos de los trabajadores. Por ello, promover la cultura positiva en las unidades quirúrgicas de los hospitales escuela se ha vuelto un reto.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Health Care , Organizational Culture , Perioperative Care , Patient Safety , Hospitals, Teaching , Perioperative Nursing , Hospital Administration
6.
Metro cienc ; 27(2): 83-87, dic. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1104238

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la fisura labiopalatina es la anomalía craneofacial más común del recién nacido. Se puede presentar solo la fisura labial, la hendidura palatina o una combinación de ambas. Además, puede estar asociada o no a una condición sindrómica. Es importante conocer la etiología, clasificación, epidemiología y características clínicas para brindar un tratamiento integral que mejore la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos que tratan esta anomalía son la queiloplastia y la palatoplastia que permiten devolver las propiedades estéticas y funcionales del labio, nariz, alvéolo y paladar. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una recopilación de información; los datos estadísticos recolectados fueron: 56 pacientes atendidos en la clínica de labio y paladar fisurado de la Fundación Metrofraternidad desde noviembre de 2017 hasta febrero de 2019. En ellos se realizó 40 procedimientos quirúrgicos de labio y paladar. Todas las intervenciones quirúrgicas fueron efectuadas ­en el Hospital del Día del Hospital Metropolitano­ por un equipo multidisciplinario conformado por el Cirujano Plástico y el Cirujano Maxilofacial. Es la primera estadística que menciona los tratamientos quirúrgicos y el manejo de las fisuras labiopalatinas en el Hospital Metropolitano. Resultados: en un total de 56 pacientes, se realizó 40 procedimientos quirúrgicos: 21 queiloplastias (16 unilaterales, 5 bilaterales) y 19 palatoplastias. Conclusiones: la técnica más empleada en la cirugía de cierre de fisuras labiales unilaterales fue la de Tennison Randall; en las fisuras labiales bilaterales la única técnica utilizada fue la de Millard bilateral. La técnica más usada para cerrar las fisuras palatinas fue la de Veau Wardill Kilner. (AU)


Introduction: Cleft palate is the most common craniofacial anomaly in the newborn. Only the cleft lip, the cleft palate, or a combination of both may be present. In addition, it may or may not be associated with a syndromic condition. It is important to know the etiology, classification, epidemiology and clinical characteristics to provide a comprehensive treatment that improves the quality of life of patients. Surgical procedures that treat this anomaly are cheiloplasty and palatoplasty. These allow to return the aesthetic and functional properties to structures such as lip, nose, alveolus and palate. Materials and methods: The statistical data collected were: 56 patients attended in the laboratory clinic and physical palate of the Metrofraternidad Foundation from November 2017 - February 2019, of which, 40 surgical procedures of laboratory and palate have been performed. All the surgeries were performed in the Hospital of the day of the Metropolitan Hospital, by a multidisciplinary team consisting of the Plastic Surgeon and Maxillofacial Surgeon. It is the first study that describes the surgical treatments of the palatal lip roots in the Metropolitan Hospital. Results: In total of 56 patients, 40 surgical procedures were performed, 21 cheiloplasties, 19 palatoplasties. With 6 minor complications (hypertrophic scar on the lip). Conclusions: It was concluded that Tennison Randall was the technique most used in the surgery to close unilateral labial fissures. In bilateral labial fissures, the only technique used was bilateral Millard. Veau Wardill Kilner was the most used technique for closing palatal fissures. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Surgical Procedures, Operative
7.
Curitiba; s.n; 20190218. 136 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1121636

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa avaliativa de abordagem quantitativa analisou a cultura de segurança do paciente em unidades cirúrgicas de três hospitais de ensino da região Sul do Brasil. A população foi composta por profissionais de saúde, entre médicos assistenciais e residentes, enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem lotados em unidades de internação cirúrgica e centro cirúrgico. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de maio de 2017 a março de 2018 com 381 participantes, sendo 158 do hospital federal, 121 do hospital privado e 102 do hospital estadual. A coleta dos dados foi realizada com a aplicação do instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture que mensura a percepção de profissionais sobre a segurança do paciente através de12 dimensões relacionadas ao hospital, à unidade de trabalho e às variáveis de resultado. Para a comparação entre os três hospitais utilizou-se o modelo de análise da variância (ANOVA) com um fator ou o teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. Em relação às variáveis categóricas as comparações foram feitas usando-se o teste de Qui-quadrado; valores de p<0,05 indicaram significância estatística. A confiabilidade do instrumento foi testada por meio do teste Alfa de Cronbach. Os resultados apontam que o tipo de gestão hospitalar e a categoria profissional estiveram associadas à percepção sobre a segurança do paciente. A única dimensão fortalecida (>75%) identificada foi "Trabalho em equipe dentro das unidades", com 77% de respostas positivas no serviço de saúde privado (p<0,001). Respostas fortalecidas na dimensão "Expectativas sobre seu supervisor/chefe e ações promotoras de segurança" foram expressas positivamente pela enfermagem nos hospitais públicos, estadual e privado. As dimensões "Apoio da gestão para a segurança do paciente", "Percepção geral da segurança do paciente", "Retorno da informação e comunicação sobre o erro", "Adequação de profissionais", "Passagem de plantão/turnos e transferências" e "Respostas não punitivas ao erro" apresentaram-se fragilizadas (<50%) nos três hospitais. Conclui-se que a gestão assumida no serviço de saúde privado beneficia a cultura de segurança, quando comparada à gestão pública estadual e federal. A enfermagem percebe mais favoravelmente a segurança do paciente. Os profissionais médicos e de enfermagem das unidades cirúrgicas dos hospitais avaliados expressam cultura punitiva frente aos erros, reforçando a necessidade de solidificar estratégias para a mudança deste paradigma.


Abstract: This evaluative research of quantitative approach analyzed the culture of patient safety in surgical units of three teaching hospitals in the southern region of Brazil. The population was comprised of health professionals, among care physicians and residents, nurses, technicians and nursing assistants who were crammed into units of surgical hospitalization and surgical center. The survey was conducted from May 2017 to March 2018 with 381 participants, 158 of the federal hospital, 121 of the private hospital and 102 of the state hospital. The data collection was carried out with the application of the instrument Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture that measures the perception of professionals about patient safety through 12 dimensions related to the hospital, the unit of work and the outcome variables. For the comparison between the three hospitals the variance analysis model (ANOVA) with one factor or the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used. In relation to the categorical variables the comparisons were made using the Chi-square test; values of p <0.05 indicated statistical significance. The reliability of the instrument was tested using the Cronbach Alpha test. The results indicate that the type of hospital management and the professional category were associated with the perception about patient safety. The only strengthened dimension (>75%) was "Teamwork within the units", with 77% positive responses in the private health service (p <0.001). Responses strengthened in the dimension "Expectations about their supervisor / boss and actions promoting safety" were expressed by nursing in public, state and private hospitals. The dimensions "Support management for patient safety", "General perception of patient safety", "Return of information and communication about the error", "Professional Adequacy", "Shift report / shifts and transfers" and "Non-punitive error responses" were found to be fragile (<50%) in the three hospitals. It is concluded that the management assumed in the private health service benefits the safety culture, when compared to the state and federal public management. Nursing perceives patient safety more favorably. The medical and nursing professionals of the surgical units of the evaluated hospitals express punitive culture against the errors, reinforcing the need to solidify strategies for the change of this paradigm.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quality of Health Care , Organizational Culture , Perioperative Care , Patient Safety , Hospital Administration
8.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 20(2,supl.1): S15-S19, abr.-jun. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-600009

ABSTRACT

A Síndrome de Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada (CIVD) é caracterizada por alteração das vias de ativação e controle da coagulação sanguínea gerando acúmulos de fibrina na micro-vasculatura, com consumo de plaquetas e fatores de coagulação. Pode resultar em falência orgânica múltipla e sangramento anormal. A gravidez caracterizase por estado de hipercoagulabilidade e por complicações como descolamento prematuro de placenta, pré-eclâmpsia e síndrome HELLP que representam algumas das condições associadas à CIVD. Seu diagnóstico é feito baseado na suspeita clínica, conhecendo-se os fatores de risco associados e apoiando-se na propedêutica sugestiva de coagulopatia. A abordagem terapêutica consiste principalmente em tratar a anormalidade obstétrica de base. Mas podem ser necessárias as medidas de suporte e de reposição de elementos sanguíneos para a normalização da função hemostática. A CIVD, apesar de rara, figura como complicação obstétrica grave, que pode cursar com hemorragia intensa e levar a paciente ao óbito. Esta revisão propõe-se a sistematizar o conhecimento da CIVD para ajudar em seu manejo eficiente e estratégico.


Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a syndrome characterized by altered activation and control of blood coagulation pathways causing accumulation of fibrin in the micro-vasculature, consumption of platelets and coagulation factors, which may result in organ failure and abnormal bleeding. Pregnancy is known to be a hypercoagulable state and complications such as placental abruption, pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome are some of the conditions associated to the onset of DIC. The diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion and investigation of associated risk factors and supported by lab tests results suggestive of coagulopathy. Primary therapeutic management includes addressing the underlying obstetric disorder. However, additional supportive treatment and blood transfusion may be necessary to repair haemostatic function. Therefore, despite its rare incidence, DIC figures as a very serious obstetric complication that can cause massive bleeding and lead to patient´s death. This review aims to systematize the knowledge of this entity to allow an efficient and strategic management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/diagnosis , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/therapy , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Blood Transfusion
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