ABSTRACT
The antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of bacteremia is often empirical in the first 48 hours and based on the epidemiological knowledge of susceptibility profiles of the most common bacteria causing such infections. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological profile and the antibiotics susceptibility of bacteria identified in blood culture in a teaching hospital center, to improve the empirical antibiotherapy for the treatment of bacteremia. A retrospective study was carried out at the Microbiology laboratory of Mohammed VI hospital of Marrakech from January 2008 to June 2009. It included all the bacteria identified in blood culture. We collected 146 strains responsible for bacteremia. Gram-negative bacilli [BGN] represented 52.7%. The most frequently isolated species were Staphylococcus aureus [21.3%], Entrobacter cloacae [14%], Acinetobacter baumannii [12.3%] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [8.9%]. The incidence of resistance to methicillin were 48.3% for Staphylococcus aureus. No resistance of glycopeptides was found among the enterococci and staphylococci isolates. 64.3% of enterobacteriaceae were resistant to third generation cephalosporins and had a broad-spectrum betalactamase phenotype. The proportion of non fermenting Gram negative bacilli resistant to imipenem was 49.9%. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas, aeruginosa was 49.9% for imipenem. To carry out an epidemiological control of bacteremic episodes occurring at every hospital, it is necessary to improve the empirical antibiotherapy
ABSTRACT
The calculi must be analyzed to find urolithiasis etiology. This investigation will allow adopting the appropriate action to avoid the stone's recurrence. Infrared spectroscopy, the reference method in calculi analysis, is unfortunately very expensive that we can't use it in our laboratory. In this study, we determine the molecular composition of urinary calculi from children using a simple and inexpensive protocol. We used the chemical method in association with optical method using binocular lens to make it more effective. We applied this protocol in studying urinary calculi collected from forty seven children and we analyzed the results according to clinical and radiological data. Our patients were aged between 2 and 16 years. The majority of them [81%] were aged over 4 years. The vesical calcui represented 51%. The calcium oxalate calculi were dominant [61,7% of cases]. The principal majority component varied according to children's age. At age less than five the major component was calcium phosphate which represented 44% while calcium oxalate represented only 22%. However, at the age of five and over, these kinds of components represented respectively 13,5% and 71% of cases. Struvite, cystin and uric acid were predominant in 6,38% of cases. This protocol allowed us to determine the molecular composition of all studied stones. It had permitted also to identify their etiology in one third of cases and to orient it in the remaining cases