Compatible Stability of Cyclophosphamide and Mesna Admixture for Injection in 4 Commonly Used Infusions / 中国药师

Objective: To study the compatible stability of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and Mesna admixture for injection in 4 commonly used infusions (5% glucose injection,0.9% sodium chloride injection,fructose injection and xylitol injection) at different temperatures.Methods: An HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of CTX for injection in 24h respectively under 5℃ and 25℃.The appearance and pH value of the admixture were investigated.Results: No significant changes of appearance, pH value or content of the admixture were found out in 24h under 5℃ and 25℃.Conclusion: CTX and Mesna admixture for injection is compatible with the 4 commonly used infusions under 5℃ and 25℃ for clinical use in 24 h.

Analysis and Treatment of Paclitaxel-induced Muscle Soreness / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the occurrence of paclitaxel(PTX)-induced muscle soreness and therapeutic efficacy and safety of diclofenac sodium. METHODS:Among 84 patients with malignant tumor receiving PTX chemotherapy,56 patients suf-fered from PTX-induced muscle soreness,among which 22 female patients suffered from medium and severe muscle soreness and then were randomly divided into group A and B,with 11 cases in each group. Group A was given Diclofenac sodium sustained-re-lease tablet 75 mg orally,once a day;group B was given Paracetamol and tramadol hydrochloride tablets one tablet orally,once a day,and then given Promethazine hydrochloride injection 100 mg subcutaneously,2-3 times a day when muscle soreness could not be born. Treatment course of both groups lasted for 5 d. The distribution of muscle soreness were observed. The onset time and dura-tion of muscle soreness were also observed as well as pain relief and the occurrence of ADR in group A and B. RESULTS:Among 84 cases,the incidence of muscle soreness was 66.67%,among which mild pain accounted for 23.81%,moderate pain accounted for 13.10%,and severe pain accounted for 29.76%. Among 56 patients with muscle soreness,earliest muscle soreness occurred on the day of medication,and most of muscle soreness occurred on 1-3 days after medication,mainly manifesting as sore,activity limitation when severe,associated with fatigue. The pain relief rate of group A and B were 100%,but the incidence of adverse re-actions in group A was significantly lower than group B,with statistical significances(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Diclofenac sodi-um is similar to paracetamol and tramadol hydrochloride in the treatment of PTX-induced muscle soreness,but it is better than paracetamol and tramadol hydrochloride in safety.

A FKBP5 mutation is associated with Paget's disease of bone and enhances osteoclastogenesis

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a common metabolic bone disease that is characterized by aberrant focal bone remodeling, which is caused by excessive osteoclastic bone resorption followed by disorganized osteoblastic bone formation. Genetic factors are a critical determinant of PDB pathogenesis, and several susceptibility genes and loci have been reported, including SQSTM1, TNFSF11A, TNFRSF11B, VCP, OPTN, CSF1 and DCSTAMP. Herein, we report a case of Chinese familial PDB without mutations in known genes and identify a novel c.163G>C (p.Val55Leu) mutation in FKBP5 (encodes FK506-binding protein 51, FKBP51) associated with PDB using whole-exome sequencing. Mutant FKBP51 enhanced the Akt phosphorylation and kinase activity in cells. A study of osteoclast function using FKBP51V55L KI transgenic mice proved that osteoclast precursors from FKBP51V55L mice were hyperresponsive to RANKL, and osteoclasts derived from FKBP51V55L mice displayed more intensive bone resorbing activity than did FKBP51WT controls. The osteoclast-specific molecules tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, osteoclast-associated receptor and transcription factor NFATC1 were increased in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage cells (BMMs) from FKBP51V55L mice during osteoclast differentiation. However, c-fos expression showed no significant difference in the wild-type and mutant groups. Akt phosphorylation in FKBP51V55L BMMs was elevated in response to RANKL. In contrast, IκB degradation, ERK phosphorylation and LC3II expression showed no difference in wild-type and mutant BMMs. Micro-CT analysis revealed an intensive trabecular bone resorption pattern in FKBP51V55L mice, and suspicious osteolytic bone lesions were noted in three-dimensional reconstruction of distal femurs from mutant mice. These results demonstrate that the mutant FKBP51V55L promotes osteoclastogenesis and function, which could subsequently participate in PDB development.

Analysis of Perioperative Application of Antibiotics in GynecologicalⅡandⅢIncision Surgery of Our Hospital before and after Special Rectification / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for perioperative rational application of antibiotics in gynecologicalⅡandⅢinci-sion surgery. METHODS:The perioperative patients of typeⅡandⅢincision surgery were collected from our hospital during Jul.-Dec. 2013-Jul.-Dec.2014,and then divided into pre-rectification group and post-rectification group. The prophylactic application of antibiotics in 2 groups were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:After rectification,rational rate of prophylactic medication in-creased from 5.38% to 89.69%(P0.05). After rectification,usage and dosage of β-lactam antibiotics were in line with pharmacokinetics, Intravenous drip was adjusted from once a day to twice a day,and its rational rate increased significantly compared to before rectifi-cation(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The antibiotics special rectification activities significantly promote the rationality of periopera-tive prophylactic application of antibiotics in gynaecologyⅡandⅢincision surgery of our hospital,reduce adverse drug reactions and resistant strains due to irrational use of drugs,and decrease the drug cost.

Human SNF2L Gene Is Regulated Constitutively and Inducibly in Neural Cells via a cAMP-Response Element

PURPOSE: SNF2L belongs to Imitation Switch family and plays an essential role in neural tissues and gonads. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that the basal transcription of human SNF2L gene is regulated by two cis-elements, cAMP response element (CRE)- and Sp1-binding sites. Recent studies suggested that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) stimulation significantly up-regulated SNF2L expression in ovarian granulose cells. These data suggested that protein kinase-mediated signal pathways might also regulate SNF2L expression in neural cells. We therefore investigated the effects of agents that activate protein kinases A on SNF2L gene expression in neural cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To increase intracellular cAMP levels, all neural cells were treated with forskolin and dbcAMP, two cAMP response activators. We exmined the effects of cAMP on the promoter activity of human SNF2L gene by luciferase reporter gene assays, and further examined the effects of cAMP on endogenous SNF2L mRNA levels by qPCR. RESULTS: Transient expression of a luciferase fusion gene under the control of the SNF2L promoter was significantly increased by treatment of rat primary neurons with forskolin or dbcAMP, but not PC12, C6 and SH-SY5Y cells. Consistently, treatment with forskolin or dbcAMP could enhance endogenous SNF2L mRNA levels also only in rat primary neurons. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the CRE consensus sequence in the SNF2L proximal promoter most likely confers constitutive activation and regulation by cAMP in neural cells.

CFTR gene mutation in patients with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the frequency of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)mutations in patients with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens(CBAVD).Methods Eighty-five CBAVD patients were collected from May 2007 to May 2009.The diagnosis of CBAVD included azoospermia,normal of 4 sex hormone items,absence of seminal vesicle,normal volume of testicular and epididymis dilated siltation.And 85 normal fertile men served as controls.Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood.The mutations of CFTR exons 10,11 were detected by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism,and direct sequencing was performed on 85 cases of CBAVD and the control males.Results Of the 85 CBAVD,10 cases(11.8％)exhibited an abnormal CFTR gene mutation,with 4 cases I556V,2 cases M469V,and 1 case of E527N,A F508,L558S,S485C.No mutations were detected in 85 controls.There was a significant difference between the 2 groups(x2 =8.606,P =0.003).Conclusions CBAVD might be caused by the CFTR mutations.The frequencies and the spectrum of CFTR mutations might be different from those Caucasian population in the west country.

Association of genetic variants in urotensin Ⅱ gene with polycystic ovary syndrome / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms( SNP) of rs228648 and rs2890565 in urotensin Ⅱ (UTS2)gene with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Methods The genotypes of two SNPs in UTS2 gene were determined through polymerase chain reaction Tin-shift genotyping method. 101 Chinese Han families trios in Shandong Province consisting of fathers,mothers,and affected daughters with PCOS and 105 healthy women were recruited. The physiological and biochemical parameters including serum follicular stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone( LH),testosterone,fasting plasma glucose,and insulin were also measured. Results The distributions of three genotypes and two alleles of SNP rs228648 in UTS2 gene were similar between PCOS group and control group. The distributions of genotypes of SNP rs2890565 in UTS2 gene differed significantly between PCOS group and control group (P<0. 05). The frequency of A allele of SNP rs2890565 in UTS2 gene was significantly higher in PCOS group than that in control group( P<0.05). Transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) did not show significantly biased transmission of two different alleles from parents to affected daughters at rs228648 locus (P>0. 05) ,but showed an excess transmission of A allele from heterozygous parents to affected offspring at rs2890565 locus (P<0. 05). The carriers with GG genotype of SNP rs228648 had significantly higher HOMA-IR compared to those with AA and AG genotypes. The carriers with AA or AG genotype of SNP rs2890565 had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin compared to those with GG genotypes. HOMA-IR in cases with AA genotype was significantly higher than that with GG genotype. Conclusions There is no association of SNP rs228648 with PCOS, but exists association with insulin resistance. The genetic polymorphism of UTS2 gene rs2890565 may be associated with PCOS,and the higher frequency of A allele is likely to contribute to PCOS.

Relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism-56 of calpain-10 gene and glucose and lipid metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome patients / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To study the effect of desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol(DEE)pre-treatment combined with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a)stimulation in in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation(IVF-ET).MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 101 infertile women who received a short protocol of GnRH-a for IVF-ET treatment from June 2004 to June 2007 in the Reproductive Medicine Center of First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College.Patients had been pre-treated with oral contraceptive pill(OCP)for two months before GnRH-a combined with recombinant follicle stimulation hormone(r-FSH)treatment(study group,n=42)or had not been pretreated with OCP(control group,n=59).A statistical analysis of two groups was carried out for the assessment of ovulation stimulating effect of OCP and its influence on the IVF.Results Serum FSH was significantly decreased after OCP in the study group.Twelve pregnancies were obtained including 1 case of spontaneous abortion at 7 weeks in the study group,and 11 pregnancies were obtained including 2 cases of spontaneous abortion during 7-9 weeks in control group.The clinical pregnancy rates in the study group(23％,12/53)was higher than that in the control group(17％,11/63),but the differences were not significant(P＞0.05).The miscarriage rate in the study group(8％,1/12)was lower than that in the control group(18％,2/11),however no significant differences were found between them(P＞0.05).The cycle cancellation rate in patients of the study group(5％,3/56)was significantly lower than that in patients of the control group(17％,13/76,P＜0.05).The differences between patients of the two groups with respect to age,basal level of FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH),antral follicle counts,the mean number of oocyte retrieval,the days of stimulation,total dose of rFSH used,fertilization rate and embryo cleavage rate,however were insignificant.ConclusionOCP pretreatment combined with short protocol of GnRH-a stimulation in IVF could significantly decrease the cycle cancellation rate,with a declining miscarriage rate and increasing pregnancy rate.

Optimization of the Extract Technology of the Total Flavonoids from Herba Epimedii by Orthogonal Experiment / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extracting process of the total flavonoids from Herba Epimedii.METHODS: The extract technology of the total flavonoids from Herba Epimedii was optimized by orthogonal experiment with the yield of total flavonoids from Herba Epimedii as index and with the extraction temperature,extraction time,the ratio of solid to liquid and the concentration of ethanol as factors.RESULTS:The optimum extracting conditions for the total flavonoids from Herba Epimedii were as follows:the reflux extraction was conducted twice(1 hour/time) at 80 ℃ with 60% ethanol as solvent,and the ratio of solid to solution was 1∶10.CONCLUSION:The optimum extracting technology is simple and reasonable,and it serves as a good reference for the extracting process of the total flavonoids from Herba Epimedii.