ABSTRACT
Deteriorating water quality of Kingston Harbour, due primarily to sewage discharge and its effect on nearby Hellshire Coast, has been an issue since the 1970s. The implementation of a new sewage treatment facility in 2007 to receive the harbour’s waste at Soapberry was expected to make a positive difference. Physico-chemical and biological parameters were used to assess water quality to determine the effect of the facility. Eleven stations used in earlier studies (1990 to 1998) were re-sampled to represent Kingston, Hunts Bay and North East Hellshire coastline over a four week sampling regime between May and June 2011. While temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and pH remained unchanged between the 1990’s and 2011, BOD5, faecal coliform and nitrate concentrations indicated that the water quality had improved minimally in Kinsgton and Hellshire,and deteriorated significantly in Hunts. Phytoplankton biomass decreased in Kingston (from 3.84 mg m-3 in 1998 to 2.81 mg m-3 in 2011) and increased significantly in Hunts (from 14.69 mg m-3 in 1998 to 24.17 mg m-3 in 2011). Biomass along Hellshire was similar (2.15 mg m-3 in 1998; 2.45 mg m-3 in 2011). In 1998 the nanoplankton biomass (2.7 to 20μm) dominated throughout the Harbour. In 2011 Hunts Bay was dominated by net-plankton (>20μm), indicative of eutrophic waters.
El deterioro de la calidad del agua del puerto de Kingston es debido principalmente a la descarga de aguas residuales y su efecto en los alrededores de la Costa de Hellshire, esto ha sido un problema desde la década de 1970. La implementación de una nueva planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales en 2007 para recibir residuos del Puerto de Kingston en Soapberry se esperaba hiciera una diferencia positiva. Parámetros físico-químicos y biológicos fueron utilizados para evaluar la calidad del agua y determinar el efecto de la planta de tratamiento. Once estaciones que fueron utilizadas en estudios anteriores (1990-1998) se muestrearon nuevamente para representar el puerto de Kingston, Bahía Hunts y la costa North East Hellshire sobre un régimen de muestreo de cuatro semanas entre mayo y junio de 2011. Mientras la temperatura, salinidad, turbidez, oxígeno disuelto y pH se mantuvieron sin cambios entre los años noventa y 2011, BOD5, coliformes fecales y concentraciones de nitratos indicaron que había mejorado la calidad del agua del puerto y la costa mínimamente mientras que la calidad del agua en la bahía Hunts se había deteriorado significativamente. La biomasa del fitoplancton disminuyó en el puerto de Kingston (de 3.84mg m-3 en 1998 a 2.81mg m-3 en el 2011), y aumentó significativamente en bahía Hunts (de 14.69mg m-3 en 1998 a 24.17mg m-3 en el 2011). La biomasa en la costa permaneció similar (de 2.15mg m-3 en 1998 a 2.45mg m-3 en 2011). En 1998 la biomasa de nanoplancton (2.7 a 20μm) dominó a lo largo del puerto. En el 2011 la bahía Hunts era dominada por neto-plancton (>20μm), indicativo de aguas eutróficas.
Subject(s)
Water Quality Control , Bays/analysis , Wastewater/analysis , JamaicaABSTRACT
La pandemia de influenza por el virus H1N1 afectó a la población del Paraguay a partir de la primera semana de julio de 2009. La misma se acompañó de un brote inusitado de neumonía de la comunidad. Describe las características demográficas y clínicas de un brote de neumonía de la comunidad durante la pandemia. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo, que incluyó a sujetos adultos portadores de clínicos de enfermedad tipo influenza acompañada de neumonía aguda de la comunidad, internados en el Departamento de Medicina Interna del Hospital Nacional (Itauguá) durante los meses de julio y agosto de 2009. .Este brote determinó gran morbilidad pero baja mortalidad...
Subject(s)
Adult , Pneumonia/complications , Lung Diseases , Lung Diseases/complications , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/epidemiology , Lung Diseases/therapy , Paraguay/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The effective pharmacological treatment of depression started in 1958 with the introduction of iproniazide and imipramine. New agents quickly followed with more specific actions and a safer side effect profile. Very recently, fourth generation antidepressants with dual action have been introduced. These new agents pose a challenging dilemma. Is it better to develop drugs ever more selective towards specific monoamine receptor subpopulations, or drugs that act upon several monoamines in a more focused way? The priority seems to be the investigation of the interactions of the various monoaminergic systems. This paper reviews the clinical use of the new antidepressants that implement the notion of dual action as an important element for efficacy combined with receptor-specific action as a basis for tolerability.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Clinical Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Musicogenic epilepsy is a rare entity. It used to be considered a form of auditory evoked epilepsy. However, the theme of the music as the trigger of a partical complex seizure and likely, the memory components while listening to the music, suggest that this seizure disorder, might well be a disorder of a higher cognitive function. Therefore, it could be included within the affective epilepsy group. The case report we present in this paper, confirms the diagnosis of musicogenic epilepsy and the role of brain spect in reaching that diagnosis
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Epilepsy/etiology , Tomography, Emission-Computed , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , MusicABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to attempt a classification of aggressive behavior based on neurobiological mechanisms and to shed some light on the pharmacological treatment of this condition. Drugs that enhance serotonin transmission are indicated in conditions related to decreased serotonergic transmission. Dopamine blockers are useful in the acute control of aggression and the violence displayed by schizophrenic patients. Clozapine probably has an anti-aggressive effect independent of its antipsychotic action. Noradrenergic agents have been shown effective in chronic aggression of organic brain syndromes. Gabaergic drugs are effective in acute aggression and in organic brain syndromes
Subject(s)
Humans , Aggression/drug effects , Aggression/physiology , Aggression/classification , Motivation , Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology , Nerve Net/drug effects , Nerve Net/physiology , Synaptic Transmission/drug effects , Synaptic Transmission/physiologyABSTRACT
The Capgras' syndrome is the delusional belief that a person or object has been replaced by an identical duplicate, usually with evil intent. A clinical, psychometric and electroencephalographic study of 9 patients afflicted with this syndrome and its variants was performed. The clinical course and the therapeutic response were assessed during the follow up that run between 2 and 11 years. The aim of this paper is to discuss the etiologically relevant psychodynamic, organic and mythological issues and to postulate an explanatory model that integrates limbic mechanisms, affect recognition processes, psychodynamic factors and anthropological aspects