ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Describir la oferta programática en primera infancia destinada a favorecer el desarrollo infantil integral en Chile. MÉTODO: Se realizó una revisión exploratoria siguiendo el marco método lógico del Joanna Briggs Institute. La búsqueda fue realizada por un investigador y los criterios de inclusión fueron: programas gubernamentales destinados al desarrollo integral en menores de 5 años en Chile. Los datos fueron organizados y sintetizados para describir características del programa y de la o las prestaciones que entrega. RESULTADOS: La búsqueda identificó 2060 documentos y 72 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se describen 59 programas vigentes que abarcan la primera infancia, es tando principalmente a cargo de los Ministerio de Justicia, Educación, Salud y Desarrollo Social. Los programas están destinados en su mayoría a la promoción e intervención, se encuentran focalizados en población vulnerable, son intersectoriales y utilizan diversas estrategias para su implementación. CONCLUSIÓN: La oferta programática en Chile para la primera infancia presenta características sugeridas como efectivas para favorecer el desarrollo infantil.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the program offering designed to promote comprehensive early childhood de velopment in Chile. METHOD: A scoping review was carried out following the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodological framework. A researcher conducted the review considering as inclusion criteria go vernment programs aimed at the comprehensive development of children under 5 years of age in Chile. The data were organized and synthesized to describe the characteristics of the program and the service(s) it provides. RESULTS: The search identified 2.060 documents and 72 met the inclusion crite ria. 59 current programs are covering early childhood, which are mainly managed by the Ministries of Justice, Education, Health, and Social Development. Most of the programs are aimed at promotion and intervention, focusing on vulnerable populations, are cross-sectoral, and use different strategies for their implementation. CONCLUSION: The program offering in Chile for early childhood has charac teristics suggested as effective to promote child development.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Preventive Health Services/methods , Preventive Health Services/organization & administration , Preventive Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Child Development , Child Health Services/organization & administration , Child Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Child Welfare , Child Health , Government Programs/methods , Government Programs/organization & administration , Government Programs/statistics & numerical data , Health Promotion/methods , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Health Promotion/statistics & numerical data , Program Evaluation , Chile , Early Intervention, Educational/methods , Early Intervention, Educational/organization & administration , Early Intervention, Educational/statistics & numerical data , Vulnerable PopulationsABSTRACT
Resumen En Chile, según la Encuesta Nacional de salud 2009-10, el 88,6% de la población general no realiza deporte o actividad física en su tiempo libre, y esta conducta de inactividad física aumenta con la edad y es mayor en los niveles educacionales bajos y en las mujeres. La evidencia reporta que utilizar la AF para la cesación del tabaquismo es débil, sin embargo, existe fuerte evidencia de que la actividad física reduce los síntomas de abstinencia, el deseo de fumar y el aumento de peso durante el abandono del tabaco. Los adultos de 18 a 64 años necesitan dedicar al menos 150 min semanales a la actividad física aeróbica, de intensidad moderada, o bien 75 min de actividad física aeróbica vigorosa cada semana, o bien una combinación equivalente de actividades moderadas y vigorosas para protegerse de mortalidad por diversas causas.
The Chilean National Health Survey 2009-10, evidences that 88.6% of the general population does not engage in sports or physical activity in their free time, and this behavior increases with age, low educational levels, and in women. According to evidence, using physical activity for smoking cessation has a weak. However, there is strong evidence that physical activity reduces withdrawal symptoms, craving, and weight gain during smoking cessation. Adults aged 18-64 need to spend at least 150 minutes a week on moderate intensity aerobic physical activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic physical activity each week or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous activities to protect thenrselves against mortality from diverse causes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome , Exercise , Smoking/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Sedentary BehaviorABSTRACT
Antecedentes: La investigación en centros educacionales es una fuente frecuente de estudios de las áreas sociales y salud. Objetivo: Determinar el conocimiento y la adherencia a la regulación ética y legal vigente de la investigación realizadas con niños en centros educacionales. Metodología: Estudio transversal tipo encuesta online. Se consultó sobre el nivel de conocimiento y adherencia a la regulación ética y legislación vigente en Chile, para realizar investigación con menores de edad. Resultados: 126 centros respondieron la encuesta; 69% de zonas urbanas; 60% son centros municipales y 34% particulares subvencionados. En un 31,8% de los centros se realizó investigación, 41% de salud y 30,8% de educación. El 27,5% informó que la investigación contaba con aprobación del comité ético-científico para su implementación, un 82% señaló no recibir ni tener conocimiento de los aspectos regulatorios sobre la investigación con seres humanos. Conclusión: Existe bajo conocimiento y adherencia a la regulación ética y legal de la investigación con niños en centros educacionales. Se realizó una jornada de difusión de los resultados y se propuso un flujograma generado por expertos orientado a los directores de centros educacionales para contribuir a la adherencia de los aspectos éticos y regulatorios de la investigación en centros educacionales.
Background: Research in educational centers is a frequent source of social and health related studies. Objective: To determine the knowledge and adherence to the current legal and ethical regulations to research performed on children at educational institutions. Methodology: Cross-sectional study online survey-type. The level of knowledge and adherence to the ethical regulation and legislation in Chile, to conduct research with minors was consulted. Results: 126 educational institutions responded the survey; 69% belonged to urban centers; 60% corresponded to those under the Municipality umbrella and 34% to charter schools. Research was performed in 31,8% of the consulted institutions, 41% of the research was on health issues and 30,8% on education. The 27,5% answered that they had the approval of ethical-scientific committee, 82% answered that they neither received nor had any awareness of regulatory aspects on research. Conclusion: There is low knowledge and adherence to ethical and legal regulation to research performed with children in educational centers. A journey for dissemination of results was performed and a flow chart was created by experts and proposed to the school directors to contribute to the adherence of ethical and regulatory aspects of research in educational centers.
Antecedentes: A pesquisa em centros educacionais é uma fonte frequente de estudos das áreas sociais e de saúde. Objetivo: determinar o conhecimento e a adesão à regulamentação ética e legal vigente de pesquisa realizada com crianças em centros educacionais. Metodologia: estudo transversal de tipo enquete on-line. Consultou-se sobre o nível de conhecimento e adesão ao regulamento ético e a legislação vigente no Chile, para realizar a pesquisa com menores de idade. Resultados: 126 centros responderam à enquete; 69% em áreas urbanas; 60% são centros municipais e 34% centros particulares subsidiados. Em 31,8% dos centros foram realizadas pesquisas, 41% de saúde e 30,8% de educação. 27,5% relataram que a pesquisa teve aprovação do Comitê de etico-cientifico para a sua execução, 82% disseram não receber ou ter conhecimento dos aspectos regulatórios da pesquisa com seres humanos. Conclusão: Existe pouco conhecimento e adesão ao regulamento ético e legal de pesquisa envolvendo crianças em centros educacionais. Fora realizada uma conferência para a divulgação dos resultados e fora proposto um fluxograma gerado por especialistas, que visam os diretores de centros educacionais para contribuir para a aderência dos aspectos éticos e regulatórios de pesquisa em centros educacionais.