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OBJECTIVE To introduce the construction of undergraduate specialty of clinical pharmacy based on the concept of outcome-based education （OBE），and to provide new idea and enlightenment for the construction of undergraduate specialty of clinical pharmacy in Chinese universities. METHODS Through the establishment and construction of training objectives and graduation requirements ，teaching reform was designed and implemented ，and the construction of teaching support system and teaching quality assurance system were completed. RESULTS The clinical pharmacy department of our university established the training direction of clinical pharmacy talents under the guidance of post competence ，including clarifying the training needs of undergraduate talents based on the overall requirements of national undergraduate education ；defining the social and industrial needs of clinical pharmacy talents based on the normative documents or concepts of clinical pharmacy ；clarifying the post and ability needs of clinical pharmacy talents based on the investigation of graduates and clinical pharmacists ；clarifying the development needs of clinical pharmacy based on the current situation and trends at home and abroad ；forming characteristic training objectives combined with the regional characteristics and school positioning ， so as to construct training objectives and graduation requirements. The OBE concept was introduced into the undergraduate teaching reform of clinical pharmacy ；the pharmacy talent training direction were established under the guidance of post competence ；the training system was designed by reverse design method；a training mode of both innovation and practical ability was built so as to promote teaching reform ，strengthen the construction of grass-roots teaching organizations and teaching staff ， and improve the construction of teaching quality assurance system. CONCLUSIONS The undergraduate training mode of clinical pharmacy specialty based on the concept of OBE is helpful to improve students ’personal comprehensive quality and professional knowledge and skills. The established undergraduate training model of clinical pharmacy specialty is in line with the modern educational concept and social needs ，and provides theoretical basis and practical experience for the training mode of clinical pharmacy professionals.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid and vitexin in Lophather-um gracile. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column was Waters Atlantis C18 with mobile phases of acetonitrile- water (gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 280 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃,and the injec-tion volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.041 0-1.228 8 μg for chlorogenic acid(r=0.999 8)and 0.264 0-7.920 0μg for vitexin(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 97.6%-102.3%(RSD=1.85%,n=9) and 97.1%-101.3%(RSD=1.19%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,stable and reproducible,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid and vitexin in L. gracile.
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OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Medline, EMBase,Cochrane Library,CJFD,VIP and Wanfang database,randomized controlled trials (RCT) about rosiglitazone (test group)and metformin(control group)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. After data extract and quality evaluation,Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.0 statistics software. RESULTS:A total of 5 RCT were included involving 636 patients. Re-sults of Meta-analysis showed the incidence of diarrhea [RR=0.23,95%CI(0.07,0.81),P=0.000] in test groupwere significantly lower than control group,the HbA1c level [MD=0.22,95%CI(0.07,0.38),P=0.004],the incidence of edema [RR=0.20,95%CI (0.05,0.57),P=0.011] in test group was significantly higher than control group,and there was no significant difference in the fast-ing blood glucose level[MD=0.27,95%CI(-0.26,0.79),P=0.32],the incidence of nausea/vomiting [RR=0.94,95%CI(0.06, 0.89),P=0.692]between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Metformin is more effective than rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 dia-betes,however,the incidence of diarrhea should be noticed. Due to the limit of methodological quality and sample size,it remains to be further verified with more rigorously designed and long-term follow-up of large-scale RCT.
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Objective To study the chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine Xiasangju compound extract.MethodsThe ethanol extract of different organic solvent extraction,silica gel column chromatography,chromatography separation and purification technology for the separation of compounds,the structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral data.ResultsSix fiavonoid components were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract,respectively, kaempferol( Ⅰ ),quercetin( Ⅱ ),luteolin( Ⅲ ),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (Ⅳ),luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside ( Ⅴ ) and rutin (Ⅵ).ConclusionThe obtained compounds were isolated from compound Xiasangju for the first time.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for determination of total coumarins in Angelica dahurica and to develop a CO 2 supercritical fluid extraction(SFE)method for its extraction.METHODS:Orthogonal design was used to in?vestigate the influence of extraction pressure,temperature,time length and pulverized degree of medicine on extraction rate of total coumarins.The contents of imperator and isoimperator in the extract were analyzed by HPLC.RESULTS:The Liner ranges of imperator and isoimperator were29.4～235.2?10～80?g/ml respectively.The average recoveries were(100.46?1.42)%?(99.94?1.18)%(n=3)respectively.The relative standard deviations were1.76%and1.62%respectively.When alcohol was used as a modifier,the extraction rate of total coumarins was the highest when the sample was pulverized into60mesh and had been extracted at35MPa and45℃for3hours.CONCLUSIONS:The extraction pressure,pulverized degree and extraction length all have significant effects on extraction rate of total coumarins.The established method is precise,convenient and can be used for determination of imperator and isoimperator.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare indapamide capsules and study the quality control methods METHODS:The content of indapamide in capsules was determined by UV-spectrophotometry The other ingredients were determined by HPLC RES_ULTS:The calibration curve was linear within the concentration range of 3 7～11 1?g/ml(r=0 9 997);the recovery of indapamide was 99 50%,RSD=0 43% The RSDs of indapamide and other ingredients were 0 43% and 0 1% respectively The relative percentage contents of 3 batches of sample were 99 07%,99 34%,99 58% respectively The uniformity A+1 80S of contents of indapamide in all samples detected was
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OBJECTIVE： To develop a HPLC method for the determination of the contents of lidocaine and prilocaine in compound lidocaine cream as a quality control means.METHODS： Lidocaine and prilocaine in compound lidocaine cream were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography on C18 column with the detection wavelength at 254nm.The mobile phase was 0.5％ ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(pH=7)-methanol(20∶ 80).RESULTS： The calibration curves of both lidocaine and prilocaine were linear within the concentration range of 130～250μ g/ml(r=0.9 996).The recovery rates of lidocaine and prilocaine were 99.05％ and 99.27％ respectively， RSDs were 0.67％ and 1.15％ ， intra-day RSDs 0.81％ and 1.45％ ， inter-day RSDs 0.55％ and 0.63％ respectively.CONCLUSION： The method was sensitive， stable and accurate.It can be used to determine and control the quality of compound lidocaine cream.
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AIM: To prepare Yuanhuzhitong Dispersible Tablet.(Rhizoma corydalis,Radix Angeliae Dahuricae) METHODS: To inspect formula and preparation technology of dispersible tablet using monofactor experiment and U_9(9~4) uniform design experiment on the basis of multi-markers. RESULTS: The weight of dispersible tablet was definited as 400 mg,the pharmaceutical adjuvants were 34% starch,40% MCC and 10% lactose as filler,8% cCMC-Na as disintegrat,15% PVPK_(30) alcohol water blend as adhesive on the basis of mono-factor test.(CONCLUSION): The formula is reasonable and technology is feasible.
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OBJECTIVE:To determine content of paeoniflorin in shaofuzhuyu superfine powder granules by HPLC. METHODS: The separation was performed on C18 chromatographic column, the mobile phase was methanol -0.05mol/L KH2PO4(40∶65)with a flow speed at 1ml/min, detection wavelength at 230nm and column temperature at 30℃. RESULTS:The linear range of paeoniflorin was 15.04～752.00?g/ml(r=0.9 998,n=6),the mean recovery rate was 103.3%(RSD=1.53%,n=3).CONCLUSION:This method was simple, accurate, good in recurrence and high in precision, and which can be used for the contents determination and the quality control of the shaofuzhuyu superfine powder granules.