Effects of trioxygen preconditioning on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and glutamate receptor in rats / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To study the effects of trioxygen pretreatment on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods:A total of 24 clean grade male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into Sham group, brain I/R group (I/R group) and Ozone pretreatment group (Ozone group), with 8 rats in each group. The animals were routinely fed, and the operation was performed 5 days after the intervention of Ozone group by intraperitoneal injection of trioxygen water (concentration 80 mg/L, 0.01 mL/g), and the Sham group and I/R group were injected with equal volume normal saline. The Sham group only separated the arteries without ligation, and the I/R group and Ozone group established the rat cerebral I/R model. Neurological deficit score (NDS) was performed 2 hours after ischemia and modified neurological deficit score (mNSS) was performed 24 hours after reperfusion. Brain tissue was collected after anesthesia. Cerebral infarction was observed by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and the percentage of cerebral infarction volume was calculated. Protein expression of metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and ionic glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA2 in cerebral ischemic penumbra was determined by Western blotting.Results:Compared with the Sham group, NDS score, mNSS score and percentage of cerebral infarction volume in I/R group were increased [NDS score: 2.63±0.52 vs. 0, mNSS score: 9.63±1.19 vs. 1.13±0.64, cerebral infarction volume: (41.25±2.93)% vs. 0%, all P < 0.05], and expressions of mGluR5 and GluA2 in penumbra area of cerebral ischemia were decreased [mGluR5 protein (mGluR5/β-actin): 0.44±0.14 vs. 1.00±0.10, GluA2 protein (GluA2/β-actin): 0.23±0.08 vs. 1.00±0.25, both P < 0.05]. Compared with the I/R group, mNSS score and percentage of cerebral infarction volume in the Ozone group were decreased [mNSS score: 7.00±1.20 vs. 9.63±1.19, cerebral infarction volume: (27.23±6.21)% vs. (41.25±2.93)%, both P < 0.05], and mGluR5 and GluA2 expressions in the penumbra of cerebral ischemia were up-regulated [mGluR5 protein (mGluR5/β-actin): 0.81±0.10 vs. 0.44±0.14, GluA2 protein (GluA2/β-actin): 0.76±0.13 vs. 0.23±0.08, both P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Trioxygen preconditioning can alleviate cerebral I/R injury in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the upregulation of GluR5 and GluA2 in the ischemic penumbra.

Clinical Significance and Expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and Treg Cells in JAK2 V617F Positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed death- 1（PD- 1），programmed death-ligand 1（PD-L1）and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells（Treg）and CD4+/CD8+ ratios in JAK2V617F mutation positive myeloroliferative neoplasms patients（MPN）.【Methods】45 cases of JAK2 V617F positive MPN patients were selected including 17 cases of essential thrombocythemia（ET），13 cases of polycythemia vera（PV）and 15 cases of primary myelofibrosis（ET）. 30 cases of the newly diagnosed group and 15 cases of treatment group were from them. 15 cases of healthy volunteers were selected as control group. The ratio of mutant and wild type of JAK2 was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（FQ-PCR）. The expression levels of p-JAK2，PD-1 and PD- L1 in pathological tissues of bone marrow were detected by immunohistochemistry. The changes of treg cells and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of MPN patients and controls were detected by flow cytometry. 【Results】 The expression levels of p-JAK2，PD-1，PD-L1，and Treg in the newly diagnosed group were significantly higher than that of treatment group and control group（P<0.05），while the expression levels of CD4 +/CD8 + ratio were significantly lower than treatment group and control group（P<0.05）. JAK2 V617F mutation burden was positive correlation with PD-1 and PD- L1，and was negative correlation with CD4 +/CD8 + ，the correlation coefficients were r=0.593，P<0.01；r=0.723，P<0.01；r=-0.771，P<0.01，respectively.【Conclusion】p-JAK2，PD-1，PD-L1，Treg，CD4+/CD8+ and JAK2 V617F were involved in the pathogenesis of myeloroliferative neoplasms.

Advances in structure, function and application of egg yolk antibody in human and animal diseases / 中国人兽共患病学报

Egg yolk immunoglobulin(IgY),also called egg yolk antibody,is a specific antibody secreted by birds after stimulation with certain antigens.For that it exhibits good resistance to heat,acid and proteinase-mediated degradation,its early-stage products were developed as food or food additives,and they have gained great social and economic benefits in both food safety and ecological agriculture fields.Due to the specific antibodies contained in these products,the products can help to resist pathogen infection.Therefore egg yolk antibody shows great value for development and application in the prevention and treat ment of animal and human diseases,and also shows great potential in human health care area.This review focuses on the development and applications of IgY biologics related with antiviral,antibacterial,antiparasitic and antitumor activities.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of pseudo phosphorous stem of Cremastra appendiculata / 中草药

Pseudo phosphorous stem of Cremastra appendiculata (Suanpanqi) is one of Shaanxi Qiyao with regional characteristics. As a clinical antitumor drug, it has been highly concerned in recent years. Suanpanqi mainly contains phenanthrene, dihydrophenanthrene, bibenzyl, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, and other chemical components with antitumor, antibacterial, anti-angiogenic, antihypertensive, and other pharmacological activities. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Suanpanqi at home and abroad in order to provide a scientific basis of its efficitive material basis, so as to further promote the value of development and utilization of plant resources in China.

Value of FFA and OCT examination in the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To study the clinical value of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis.METHODS: From April 2014 to April 2016 in our hospital for treatment of patients with uveitis were 140 cases,including 104 cases of patients with binocular incidence in 208 eyes and 36 patients with unilateral disease.All of patients after history,slit lamp,direct ophthalmoscopy and B-scan examination was the diagnosis of uveitis.Based on the anatomy of uveitis was divided into: 72 cases of patients with anterior uveitis in 132 eyes,24 cases of patients with intermediate uveitis in 48 eyes,posterior uveitis in 28 eyes of 40 patients,16 patients with panuveitis in 24 eyes.FFA and OCT were used to detect the pathological changes of the fundus of the patients.RESULTS: The detection of anterior uveitis was 46.2%,the detection rate of 43.8% intermediate uveitis,posterior uveitis detection rate was 45.0%,the detection rate of 54.2% panuveitis.Patients with anterior uveitis diseased were mainly in peripheral fundus,inflammation,posterior uveitis and panuveitis patients were mainly located in the posterior pole position,and were accompanied by vascular leakage.CONCLUSION: FFA objectively reflects the effect of uveitis on the retina,helping doctors to understand the extent of their choroidal,optic nerve and retinal lesions,and thus the use of appropriate methods for treatment;OCT for patients with an objective and direct means of evaluation.

Role of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in intrathecal doxepin-induced apoptosis in rat neurons / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in intrathecal doxepin?induced apoptosis in rat neurons. Methods Twenty?four adult male Wistar rats, weighing 250-300 g, in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted without complications, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C) and different concentrations of doxepin groups (D5, D10 and D20 groups). In D5, D10 and D20 groups, 5, 10, and 20 mmol∕L doxepin 0. 2 μl∕g were injected intrathecally, respectively. In group C, the equal volume of normal saline was given instead. At 6 h after intrathecal administration, the animals were sacrificed, and the lumbar segments of the spinal cords were obtained for detection of the cell apoptosis ( by TUNEL assay) , expression of Bax and Bcl?2 ( by immunohistochemistry) , release of cytochrome c ( Cyt c) , and expression of caspase?3, caspase?8 and caspase?9 mRNA ( using real?time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) . Apoptosis rate and Bcl?2∕Bax ratio were calculated. Results Compared with group C, the expression of Bax was significantly up?regulated, the expression of Bcl?2 was down?regulated, Bcl?2∕Bax ratio was decreased, the release of Cyt c and apoptosis rate were increased, and the expression of caspase?3 and caspase?9 mRNA was up?regulated in D10 and D20 groups, the expression of Bcl?2 was down?regulated in group D20 ( P0.05). The expression of Bax was significantly up?regulated, Bcl?2∕Bax ratio was decreased, the release of Cyt c and apoptosis rate were increased, and the expression of caspase?3 and caspase?9 mRNA was up?regulated in D10 and D20 groups, and the expression of Bcl?2 was down?regulated in group D20 as compared with group D5 ( P0.05) . Conclusion Mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, but not death receptor pathway, is involved in intrathecal doxepin?induced apoptosis in rat neurons.

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in alcoholic liver disease-related hepatocyte apoptosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in alcoholic liver disease (ALD)-related hepatocyte apoptosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat model of ALD was established by continuous intragastric administration of ethanol. At 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks later, randomly selected rats were sacrificed for serum and liver sample collection. Serum levels of total homocysteine (tHcy) were examined by chemiluminescence analysis. Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) activity in liver tissue was measured by chromatometry. The mRNA and protein expressions of ERS-related factors, glucose-regulated protein (GRP)-78, calpain 2 and caspase-12, were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Hepatocyte apoptosis was detected by the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 16 weeks, the ALD rats' livers exhibited diffuse microvesicular adipose degeneration and fibrosis in the liver sinus and portal septa. As the duration of ethanol administration extended, the tHcy levels gradually increased (P less than 0.01), CBS activity decreased (P less than 0.01), gene expression levels of GRP-78, calpain 2, and caspase-12 were up-regulated (P less than 0.01), and protein expression levels of GRP-78 and calpain 2 were gradually increased. However, the protein level of procaspase-12 was found to decrease with increased duration of ethanol administration. Finally, the hepatocyte apoptosis index showed an increasing trend over time (P less than 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In our experimental ALD rat model, hepatic apoptosis was detected with increasing frequency over the duration of ALD. Increased apoptosis was likely due to decreased CBS activity causing hyperhomocysteinemia, which further induced ERS and activated the calpain 2 and caspase-12 signaling pathway. These ethanol-induced molecular changes may provoke hepatic apoptosis and subsequently promote the pathogenic processes of alcoholic liver disease.</p>

Generation of recombinant human antibodies for EV71 virus / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To obtain recombinant human anti-EV71 antibodies from a EV71-associated hand-foot-and-mouth disease patient-derived antibody phage library.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A combinatorial human scFv library to enterovirus 71 (EV71) virus was constructed using antibody genes harvested from the blood of EV71 virus patients. The library was panned and selected by using purified VP1 protein of EV71 virus with phage display. After that the specific antibody was converted to full human IgG antibody with recombinant baculovirus/insect cell system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One unique human scFv antibody specific for EV71 virus VP1 protein was obtained by ELISA, IFA and analysis of the antibody DNA sequence. The specific anti-VP1 human scFv antibody was converted to full human IgG antibody with recombinant baculovirus/insect cell system. The full human IgG antibody was tested in vitro for EV71 virus neutralization, resulting in no neutralizing activity with EV71 A type and EV71 C4 subtype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The obtained human anti-EV71 antibodies without neutralizing activity laid the foundation for diagnosis of human EV71-associated hand-foot-and-mouth disease.</p>

Study on injuries and ways of coping to them among primary and middle school students in one rural area of Anhui province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To describe the current epidemiological characteristics of injuries among primary and middle school students in one rural area of Anhui province and to explore the relationship between the ways of coping and related injuries.Methods Through cluster sampling methods,all students from 3 to 9 grades in 5 primary schools and 3 middle schools in Changfeng county of Anhui province were investigated with questionnaire.All participants completed an anonymous questionnaire concerning their experiences with injuries during the 12 months preceding the survey.The ways of coping to injuries were evaluated by Trait Coping Style Questionnaire.Factors associated with injuries were identified using a negative binomial regression analysis.Results Of 2917 students,the annual event-based rate of injuries was 17.4 per 100 students.Positive coping score had no significant differences between the injury and non-injury groups (33.98 ± 6.38 vs.33.66 ± 6.37) (t=0.979,P=0.328).The score of negative coping style was higher in injury group than in non-injury group (27.65 ± 7.79 vs.26.54 ± 7.62) (t=2.775,P=0.006).Statistically,the annual injury rates were significantly different in three groups on their negative styles of coping (x2=6.131,P=0.013 ).Data from the multivariable negative binomial regression analysis,after adjusted for demographic characteristics,showed no significant difference on the relationship between positive coping style and injury incidence.Those with moderate negative style of coping had lower risks compared to those with highly negative one (IRR＝0.77,95％ CI:0.63-0.94).Conclusion Negative ways of coping was an important risk factor for injuries.Data from our research suggested that psychological preventive measure need to be taken to improve the style of coping.It was also important to promote the related personality development in planning the strategies for future prevention on injuries.

Study on the identification characteristics of rRNA genes on Yersinia pestis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the identification characteristics of rRNA genes on Yersinia (Y.)pestis.Methods By means of comparative genomics,we compared the rRNA genome sequences of nine completely sequenced strains of Y. pestis isolated from China and other countries by Clustal W software.we also compared the 2000 bp sequence adjacent to the rRNA genes,rRNA genes and 16S-23S rRNA spacer region respectively to determine the identification features of rRNA genes for Y. pestis.Results There were 6 rRNA gene clusters in the strains of D182038,D106004,Z176003 and CO92 respectively(6 copies strain).There were 7 rRNA gene clusters in the strains of 91001,KIM,Nepa1516,Antiqua and Pestoides F(7 copies strain).According to the 2000 bp sequence,13 types of rRNA gene clusters could classify the strains between the 6 copies and 7 copies.There were 4 types of tRNA gene among the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region that could classify the strains among the 6 copies and 7 copies strains respectively.The number of point mutation among the 23S rRNA gene was statistically different in some copies under ANOVA analysis(F=0.548,P=0.815>0.05 among the strains and F=5.228,P<0.01 among the copies).Conclusion The 2000 bp sequence adjacent to the rRNA genes,tRNA gene and 23S rRNA gene sequence could serve as the identification sign of rRNA genes for classifing the strains of Y. pestis.

Study of the effects of Auricularia auricular polysaccharide on local ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of Auricularia Auricular polysaccharide (APP) on acute cerebral injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats and its underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult male SD rats were intragastrically pretreated with AAP at a low (50 mg/kg) or high (100 mg/kg) dose once a day for 20 days before operation. Rats intraperitoneally injected with ginkgo biloba extract (EGb671) were taken as positive control. Focal ischemia was achieved by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on the right side for 60 min. After 24 hrs of reperfusion, the nerve function defects were recorded by Longa's score and the brain infarct sizes were measured by 2,3,5-Triphenyl-tetrazolium-chlor (TTC) staining. Apoptotic neurons were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining after 48 h of reperfusion. The levels of oxidative stress was determined via the mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AAP treatment decreased Longa's score, brain infarct size, apoptotic neurons and mitochondria-generated ROS in a dose-dependent manner. AAP at 100 mg/kg gave a better performance compared with EGb671 on all parameters examined.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AAP treatment protected rat brain from focal ischemia/reperfusion injury by its anti-oxidative effect and worked better than EGb671.</p>

The development of neutralizing human antibodies against rabies virus / 病毒学报

A combinatorial human Fab library to the rabies virus was constructed using antibody genes derived from the blood of vaccinated donors. The library were panned and selected on purified rabies virus particles of aG or CTN strain with phage display. Eleven unique human Fab antibodies specific for the rabies virus glycoprotein were obtained by ELISA, IFA and DNA sequences analysis of these antibodies. Among these Fab antibodies, five human Fab antibodies were converted to full-length human IgG antibodies with recombinant baculovirus system. The five full-length human IgG antibodies were tested in vitro for rabies virus neutralization, resulting in all specificities to neutralize the virus. The obtained human anti-rabies antibodies lay the basis for the production of cocktail of anti-rabies monoclonal antibody with chinese intellectual property.

Effect of etomidate on voltage-dependent potassium currents in rat isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Previous studies demonstrated general anesthetics affect potassium ion channels, which may be one of the mechanisms of general anesthesia. Because the effect of etomidate on potassium channels in rat hippocampus which is involved in memory function has not been studied, we investigated the effects of etomidate on both delayed rectifier potassium current (I(K(DR))) and transient outward potassium current (I(K(A))) in acutely dissociated rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Single rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons from male Wistar rats of - 10 days were acutely dissociated by enzymatic digestion and mechanical dispersion according to the methods of Kay and Wong with slight modification. Voltage-clamp recordings were performed in the whole-cell patch clamp configuration. Currents were recorded with a List EPC-10 amplifier and data were stored in a computer using Pulse 8.5. Student's paired two-tail t test was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the concentration of 100 micromol/L, etomidate significantly inhibited I(K(DR)) by 49.2% at +40 mV when depolarized from -110 mV (P < 0.01, n = 8), while did not affect I(K(A)) (n = 8, P > 0.05). The IC(50) value of etomidate for blocking I(K(DR)) was calculated as 5.4 micromol/L, with a Hill slope of 2.45. At the presence of 10 micromol/L etomidate, the V1/2 of activation curve was shifted from (17.3 +/- 1.5) mV to (10.7 +/- 2.9) mV (n = 8, P < 0.05), the V1/2 of inactivation curve was shifted from (-18.3 +/- 2.2) mV to (-45.3 +/- 9.4) mV (n = 8, P < 0.05). Etomidate 10 micromol/L shifted both the activation curve and inactivation curve of I(K(DR)) to negative potential, but mainly affected the inactivation kinetics.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Etomidate potently inhibited I(K(DR)) but not I(K(A)) in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. I(K(DR)) was inhibited by etomidate in a concentration-dependent manner, while I(K(A)) remained unaffected.</p>

Study on HIV related stigma and discrimination among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the perceived stigma and discrimination and received stigma and discrimination as well as the differences and reasons of them among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members. Methods 307 people were investigated and 117 of which were HIV/AIDS and the others were their family members. Face to face interview was carried out. Results HIV/AIDS and their family were living in the social environment rounded by stigma and discrimination. Stigma and discrimination could be divided into perceived stigma and discrimination and received stigma and discrimination, and these two kinds of stigma and discrimination were statistically significant different between HIV/AIDS and their family members (t=-12.540, P=0.000) , and the perceived stigma and discrimination was more serious than received stigma and discrimination. The perceived stigma and discrimination were related to their self-efficacy (OR=0.558, P=0.041 ), family APGAR (OR= 0.650, P=0.027), infected with HIV or not (OR= 2.116,P=0.004). The received stigma and discrimination were related to their self-efficacy (OR=0.468,P=0.028), family APGAR (OR=0.427, P=0.000) whether infected by HIV (OR=3.412, P=0.001 ). Conclusion Stigma and discrimination did exist in the environment where HIV/AIDS and their family lived, suggesting that it was necessary to develop a series of policies and measures to fight against stigma and discrimination.

Mito K(ATP) and kappa-opioid receptor mediate the neuroprotective effect of limb ischemic post-conditioning on rat brain ischemia/reperfusion injury / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To observe the neuroprotective effect of limb ischemic post-conditioning (LIPC) on local brain ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat, and to investigate whether mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel (mito K(ATP)) and kappa-opioid receptor were involved in the neuroprotection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups that were ischemia/reperfusion group, unilateral hindlimb ischemia group (uLIPC), bilateral hindlimbs ischemia group (bLIPC), bLIPC + antagonist of kappa-opioid receptor nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) group, bLIPC + mito K(ATP) blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD) group, bLIPC + extracorporeal circulation of bilateral hindlimbs via femoral arteries (EC) group. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), neurological scores, plasma levels of dynorphin and enkephalin, the brain infarct areas were determined after reperfusion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Unilateral LIPC partially improved the neurological score after local brain ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat (P < 0.05), and decreased the infarct area compared with the untreated group undergoing brain ischemia and reperfusion (P < 0.01). Bilateral LIPC significantly improved the neurological score after local brain ischemia and reperfusion injury (P < 0.01), and decreased the infarct area (P < 0.01). The neurological scores of bilateral LIPC group were significant higher than those of unilateral LIPC (P < 0.05). The plasma level of dynorphin was significantly increased (P < 0.01) at 5, 15, 30 min, 1 and 2 h after bilateral LIPC, however, it deceased to the normal level at 12 h after bilateral LIPC. The plasma level of enkephalin showed no obvious change after bilateral LIPC (P > 0.05). nor-BNI (25 nmol/L) and 5-HD (10 mg/kg) abolished the effect of bilateral LIPC (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LIPC protects rat from local brain ischemia and reperfusion injury. Mito K(ATP) may be involved in the neuroprotection, and kappa-opioid receptor may also participate in the protective effect.</p>

Generation of neutralizing recombinant human antibodies for targeting highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus / 病毒学报

Two human Fab antibodies against avian influenza A (H5N1) virus were obtained by panning a H5N1 patient-derived antibody phage library using purified virions of the H5N1 patient isolate A/Anhui/1/2005 and HA protein of the H5N1 reference viruse A/Viet Nam/1203/2004. After testing the binding properties and antiviral function to H5N1 virus, the selected Fab antibodies were converted to full human IgG antibodies with recombinant baculovirus/insect cell system. Both mAbs, AVFluIgG01 and AVFluIgG03, bound to HA in immunofluorescence assay (IFA) without cross-reaction with the other substypes of influenza A viruses (H1N1, H3N2). The cross-reactivity of the two antibodies for different strains of H5N1 was tested in vitro by micro-neutralization assays. In vitro, mAb AVFluIgG01 potently neutralized not only the selected well-characterized Clade 2 H5N1 viruses isolated from mainland of China except A/Guangdong/1/2006, but also the Clade 1 representative isolate A/Viet Nam/1203/2004; and AVFluIgG03 neutralized all the selected Clade 2 H5N1 viruses isolated from mainland of China, but had no neutralizing activity with the Clade 1 H5N1 virus A/Viet Nam/1203/2004. The results bring new prospect for the prophylaxis or treatment of H5N1 virus infection and may provide a clue for novel vaccine development.

The influence of the FR-1 in heavy chain (VH) of antibodies on antibody secretion / 病毒学报

The N-terminal segment (FR-1) of the heavy chain (VH) of antibodies may have a great impact on IgG secretion in Escherichia coli and other hosts. Decrease in secretion may be caused by a single amino acid change in the framework region. To investigate the high antibody expression in mammalian cells, we designed the site-directed mutagenesis of the FR-I of the pCMV-RV/VH gene,which expressed the immunoglobulin heavy chain of human anti-Rabies virus antibody. Mutating Glu (H6) to Gln could improve both antibody secretion and affinity. The immunofluorescence assay indicated that both the secretion-deficient antibodies and the secretion- efficient antibodies could be transcribed and translated intracellularly, and led into ER,then transferred to Golgi apparatus,and the difference in secretion may relate to the contribution of the FR-I to the folding and assembly of the antibody. In this study, we have confirmed experimentally that the nature of residues H6 in antibody heavy chains indeed determines the antibody secretion in mammalian cells. These results also provide the basis for antibody production.

Relation between dietary patterns and insulin resistance in 40-59 years old Guangzhou adults / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the overall diet quality of adults in Guangzhou and investigate whether adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents could help to reduce the risk of obesity and insulin resistance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 540 adults aged 40-59 years completed 3 consecutive 24-hour diet recalls. Diet quality were evaluated by using Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI) scoring and evaluating system. Anthropometric parameters, fast glucose and fast insulin were measured. Insulin resistance was defined as the highest quartile of the homeostasis model assessment scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The DBI-Lower Bound Score (DBI-LBS), DBI-Higher Bound Score (DBI-HBS) and DBI-Diet Quality Distance (DBI-DQD) were 16.1-17.5, 7.6-8.2, 23.6-25.7 relatively. The intake of cereals, beans and dietary products were insufficient in the population, while the intake of animal food, salt and edible oils were excessive. Subjects in model A had a lower body mass index (BMI, P=0.022) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, P=0.001) than those in model E. Compared with model A, subjects in model E had greater odds ratio for insulin resistance (odds ratio: 3.00; 95% CI: 1.21, 7.67).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dietary structure of the residents in Guangzhou was relatively balanced and reasonable, but the problems such as inadequate food intake and excessive food intake still co-exist. Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents could help to reduce the risk of insulin resistance.</p>

Study of effects of dietary fatty acids on the serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of dietary fatty acids on the serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 297 residents with hypercholesterolemia were enrolled in Guangzhou. The dietary composition and the changes in serum lipid levels during the 6-month follow-up were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) 297 subjects were enrolled and 281 subjects (88 male, 193 female) completed the 6-month follow-up. The serum TC concentration of the subjects was (6.09+/-0.68) mmol/L at baseline. (2) According to the percentage of energy from total fat, all of the subjects were divided into three groups, including total fat % en<25% (group I, 90 subjects), 25%-30% (group II, 97 subjects), >30% (group III, 94 subjects). The reduction of TC and LDL-C in group I and group II was greater than that in group III. (3) According to the percentage of energy from SFA, all of the subjects were divided into three groups, including SFA % en<7% (group I, 81 subjects), 7%-10% (group II, 129 subjects), >10% (group III, 71 subjects). The reduction of TC and LDL-C in group I and group II was greater than that in group III. (4) All of the subjects were divided into three groups, according to the percentage of energy from MUFA, including MUFA % en<10% (group I, 93 subjects), 10%-13% (group II, 106 subjects), >13% (group III, 82 subjects). The reduction of TC and LDL-C in group II was greater than that in group I and group III. (5) All of the subjects were divided into three groups according to the percentage of energy from PUFA, including PUFA % en<7% (88 subjects), 7%-9% (94 subjects), >9% (99 subjects). No significant difference was found among the reduction of serum lipids in the three groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dietary total fat % en<or=30%, SFAs % en<or=10% and MUFAs % en 10%-13% should be conductive to reduce the serum lipids of patients with hyperlipidemia.</p>

Spatial distribution of Cd and Cu in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area (SZIA), China / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Heavy metal contamination of soils, derived from sewage irrigation, mining and inappropriate utilization of various agrochemicals and pesticides, and so on, has been of wide concern in the last several decades. The Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area (SZIA) in China is a representative area of heavy metal contamination of soils resulting from sewage irrigation for about 30 years. This study investigated the spatial distribution and temporal variation of soil cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) contamination in the SZIA. The soil samples were collected from the SZIA in 1990 and 2004; Cd and Cu in soils was analyzed and then the spatial distribution and temporal variation of Cd and Cu in soils were modeled using Kriging methods. The results show that long-term sewage irrigation had caused serious Cd and Cu contamination in soils. The mean and the maximum of soil Cd are markedly higher than the levels in second grade standard soil (LSGSS) in China, and the maximum of soil Cu is close to the LSGSS in China in 2004 and is more than the LSGSS in China in 1990. The contamination magnitude of soil Cd and the soil extent of Cd contamination had evidently increased since sewage irrigation ceased in 1992. The contamination magnitude of soil Cu and the soil extent of Cu contamination had evidently increased in topsoil, but obviously decresed in subsoil. The soil contamination of Cd and Cu was mainly related to Cd and Cu reactivation of contaminated sediments in Shenyang Xi River and the import of Cd and Cu during irrigation. The eluviation of Cd and Cu in contaminated topsoil with rainfall and irrigation water was another factor of temporal-spatial variability of Cd and Cu contamination in soils.