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Drugs have both therapeutic and toxic side effects. How to quickly determine the toxicity of the test substance is very important for drug development. In vitro cytotoxicity testing compensates for the shortcomings of using animal models for toxicity evaluation. Its role in toxicity evaluation is increasingly important. The development of computer technology and in-depth research in proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics provide a method for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation towards a faster and more accurate direction. This paper reviews the commonly used cells, evaluation indicators, and detection techniques for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation, in order to provide some reference for related research.
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The method of " quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS)" combined with fingerprint often used in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its preparation.This study reviewed and analyzed the data.It showed that " QAMS" can be used in the determination of multiple indicators in some traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbal compound preparations.This is a supplementary method for the determination of content, combined with the fingerprint to mutual benefit, quality evaluation of TCM is more comprehensive and scientific.
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AIM To observe the effects of Huangdi Anxiao Capsules (Puerariae lobatae Radix,Eriobotryae Folium,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,etc.) on blood glucose and insulin resistance in GK rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its possible mechanism of action.METHODS GK rats with T2DM included in the experiment were randomly divided into model group,rosiglitazone (1.44 mg/kg) group,Shenqi Jiangtang Granules (1.08 g/kg) group,Huangdi Anxiao Capsules high,medium and low (12,6,3 g/kg) group and normal control group of Wistar rats.After six weeks of consecutive administration,fasting blood glucose (FBG),serum insulin (FINS),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured in all groups.Serum biochemical indexes of (TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) were measured.The pancreatic tissue was obtained by routine paraffin embedding and HE staining to observe the pathological changes.RESULTS Compared with the normal group,FBG,FPG,FINS,HOMA-IR,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C and HbA1c of the model group were significantly higher (P ＜0.01),and GLP-1 and IGF-1 expressions were markedly decreased (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the model group,the levels of FBG,FPG,FINS,HOMA-IR,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C and HbA1 c in Huangdi Anxiao Capsules high-,medium-and low-dose group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜0.01);GLP-1 and IGF-1 expressions were markedly increased (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01),compared with the model group,the structure changes of pancreatic tissue in Huangdi Anxiao Capsules high-,medium-and low-dose groups largely reduced.CONCLUSION Huangdi Anxiao Capsules can reduce GK rats fasting blood glucose,insulin resistance,and its mechanism may be related to promoting the emergence and proliferation of pancreatic islet cells,improving the function of islet beta cells,and increasing insulin secretion.
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Objective To establish a quantitative method of ferulic acid by semi-bionic extraction ( SBE ) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography ,and compare the validity of ferulic acid in Qibaipingfei capsule by water extraction ( WE) method and SBE method .Methods The separation was carried out on a Welch-C18 column (250mm ×4.6mm,5μm).A mixture of methanol-1%(V/V)acetic acid solution(33.67)was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in isocratic elution mode .The column temperature was kept at 35 °C, and the detection wavelength was set at 315 nm.Results The calibration curve was linear ( r =0.999 8, n =6 ) in the range of 0.013 4 ~0.134 0mg/mL of ferulic acid.The recoveries were 98.93% with RSDs of 0.53%. Conclusion On the basis of the advantages of simplicity and good reproducibility ,this method can be used for the determination of ferulic acid ,and also we can concluded that abstraction of Qibaipingfei capsule by SBE is better than WE method.
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Objective To establish the optimal ethanol extraction technology of Qingshen Granule. Methods The total content of emodin, chrysophanol and physcion, the content of tanshinoneⅡA and dry extact rate was set as indexes, orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the technology. Results The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:8 times of 80%alcohol, refluxing 3 times and 2 hours for each time. Conclusion The optimum technology of Qingshen Granule is simple, stable and effective.
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Objective To establish the quality standard of Yuling Tea for its quality control. Methods Astragalus, Fructus cnidii L, Schisandra chinensis and Lycii Fructus in Yuling Tea were identified by TLC. The content of Schisandrin was determined by HPLC. Welch Materials C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase of methanol-water (70∶30) was used. The detective wavelength was 250 nm. Results The TLC for identification was simple and special. Schisandrin showed a good linear relationship in 0.222-0.222 0 μg, r=0.999 9. The average recovery was 98.96%, and RSD was 0.74%. Conclusion The method can accurately determine the content of Schisandrin in Yuling Tea. It can be used for quality control of the preparation.
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Objective To optimize the extraction and inclusion process of mixed volatile oil of Rhizoma acori graminei, Fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae and Rhizoma chuanxiong in Huangpu Tongqiao Capsules. Methods With steam distillation method, extraction amount as indicator, the orthogonal experiment was used to optimze the extraction process of volatile oil from three factors such as water amount, soak time and extraction time. With saturated aqueous solution method, co-inclusion compound yield and volatile oil rate as indicators, the orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the inclusion process from three factors such as the proportion of volatile oil and β-CD, inclusion time and inclusion temperature. Results The optimum extraction was:adding eight times amount of water and soak for 2 hours to extract 7 hours. The optimum inclusion process was:the proportion of volatile oil andβ-CD was 1∶10, the inclusion time was 3 hours, the inclusion temperature was 40 ℃. Conclusion Optimal extraction process of oil has higher rate, and the volatile oil inclusion rate of inclusion process was also higher, the process is stable.
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Objective To establish a method for determination of chrysophanol,emodin and rhein in Huangzhi capsules.Method Chrysophanol,emodin and rhein in Huangzhi capsules was determined by TLC-scanning with a mixture of n-hexane-ethylacetate-formic acid(30∶10∶0.5) as the developing system.The detection wavelength was 435 nm and 610 nm.Results The calibraction curve of chrysophanol,emodin and rhein was linear in the range of 0.014 65～0.073 25,0.013 35～0.066 75,0.012～0.072 ?g respectively.Conclusion The method was simple,accurate with good repeatability,and suitable for the content determination of chrysophanol,emodin and rhein in Huangzhi capsules.
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AIM: To establish variation in flow rates of anthraquinones in Anzhong Tongbian Capsule(Radix et Rhizoma rhei,Radix paeoniae alba,Fructus cannabis and Semen trichosanthis). METHODS: The thin layer chromatographic method was adopted. The anthraquinones compounds from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in Anzhong Tongbian Capsules were extracted by ultrasound and separated by outspread on silica gel G thin layer,and n-hexane-ethyl acetate-formic acid(30 ∶ 10 ∶ 0. 5)as the developing system,detection wavelength was set at 435 nm and reference wavelength was 610 nm by using CAMAG TLC ScannerⅢ. RESULTS: Anthraquinones was separated well and 5 peaks of emodin,chrysophanol,aloe-emodin,rhein and physcion were ascertained. CONCLUSION: The method is simple and accurate with a good reproducibility and can be used for the quality control for Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in Anzhong Tongbian Capsules.