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Objective:By improving the lacrimal passage irrigation equipment for infants and young children, a new type of irrigation technology system was established during the nursing process of infantile dacryocystitis washing, and the effect was evaluated.Methods:A total of 3 000 children with dacryocystitis from January 2017 to September 2019 in ophthalmology clinic were collected, and they were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group by the random number table method with 1 500 cases in each group. The observation group used a new lacrimal passage flushing system, and the control group used the traditional lacrimal passage flushing system. The nursing effect, the incidence of complications, the satisfaction of the family members of the children and the operator satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The cure rate after re-rinsing and secondary irrigation was 96.93%(1 201/1 527), 78.95%(30/38) in the observation group, and 84.36%(1 009/1 196), 50.80%(95/187) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant( P<0.01). The incidence of dacryocystitis in infants and young children was 0.27% (4/1 500)in the observation group, and 5.00% (75/1 500)in the control group, the difference was statistically significant( χ2 value was 11.536, P<0.01). The total satisfaction rate of children in the observation group was 98.14% (1 472/1 500), which was higher than the control group′s total satisfaction rate of 91.93% (1 397/1 500), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 12.018, P<0.01). The total satisfaction rate of operators in the observation group was 98.00% (1 470/1 500), which was higher than the total satisfaction rate of operators in the control group by 90.87% (1 363/1 500), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 12.598, P< 0.01). Conclusions:The application of the improved new lacrimal irrigation system for infants and young children can effectively improve the cure rate of infantile dacryocystitis, reduce the occurrence of complications, and improve the satisfaction of family members and operators. It is worthy of clinical promotion.
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OBJECTIVE： To investigate in vitro antibacterial activity of the extracts from the root， stem and leaves of Psychotria rubra， and to investigate its mechanism of antibacterial effects. METHODS： 95％ ethanol extracts from the root， stem and leaves of P. rubra were used to prepare solution with mass concentration of 100 mg/mL （calculated by extract）. Using as penicillin sodium （0.5 mg/mL） and streptomycin sulfate （128 mg/mL） as positive control， plat stiletto method was used to determine antibacterial effects of the extracts from different parts of Staphylococcus aureus， Escherichia coli， Pseudomonas aeruginosa， Bacillus subtilis， Micrococcus luteus and Enterococcus faecalis. Using systematic solvent extraction method， the petroleum ether， ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol were used to extract antibacterial activity parts from P. rubra as ad to obtain the extracts of corresponding polar parts. After preparing 100 mg/mL drug solution （calculated by extract）， antibacterial effects of above 6 kinds of bacteria were investigated. The micro-broth dilution method and agar culture medium plate method were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC）， and screen polar parts with bacteriostasis and drug-sensitive strains. Under the concentration of 0.5MIC and MIC， the growth curves of sensitive bacteria were drawn （treated for 36 h， every 4 h）； the contents of alkaline phosphatase （AKP） and soluble protein were detected in suspension （treated for 10 h， every 2 h）； bouillon culture medium instead of the extract as blank control. RESULTS： 100 mg/mL ethanol extracts from the root， stem and leaves of P. rubra showed good antibacterial effect to above 6 kinds of bacteria， in descending order as stem＞leaves＞root. Among different polar parts from the stem of P. rubra， antibacterial effect of the ethyl acetate extract was best， especially for the S. aureus， the diameter of inhibition zone reached （38.93±0.12） mm， and both MIC and MBC were 0.39 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract could significantly inhibit the proliferation of S. aureus， and its alkaline phosphatase and protein content in suspension were increased significantly compared with blank control （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The stem from P. rubra is effective antibacterial parts， and exhibit good antibacterial activity to 6 kinds of common pathogens. The ethyl acetate extract from the stem of P. rubra shows strongest antibacterial effect on S. aureus， and could gradually destroy the integrity of cell wall and cell membrane.
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ObjectiveTo observe the expression of nephrin in hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN),and investigate the impairment and significance of podocyte in HBV-MN.MethodsThe protein expression of nephrin in renal biopsy specimens in 35 patients,who were diagnosed as HBV-MN by renal biopsy,was determined by immunohistochemistry and tested by semiquantitative method.The relationship between the expression of nephrin and clinicopathological data was analyzed.Results Among the 35 cases with HBV-MN,6 were in MN phase Ⅰ,20 in MN phase Ⅱ and 9 in MN phase Ⅲ.A strong intensity expression of nephrin in normal glomerulus was found along capillary loop of glomerulus,while its expression in HBV-MN patients decreased obviously.There was no significantly difference in the expression of nephrin among the different stages of HBV-MN ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The expression of nephrin in different clinical types was significantly different ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The expression of nephrin in patients with nephrotic syndrome was significantly lower than that in patients without nephrotic syndrome (P ＜0.01 ).The expression of nephrin in different grades of 24-hour urinary protein excretion quantity was significantly different( P ＜ 0.05 ).There was negative correlation between the expression of nephrin and 24-hour urinary protein excretion quantity(r = -0.378,P ＜ 0.05).In the patients with HBV-MN phase Ⅱ,the expression of nephrin in patients with nephrotic syndrome was also significantly lower than that in patients without nephrotic syndrome( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The damage of podocytes emerge in the early stage of HBV-MN and the expression of nephrin in HBV-MN patients,especially in patients with nephrotic syndrome,are significantly down regulated.The descended expression of nephrin in HBV-MN patients may promote the production of proteinuria.
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The retinal image registration has important applications in the processes of auxiliary diagnosis and treatment for a variety of diseases. The retinal image registration can be used to measure the disease process and the therapeutic effect. A variety of retinal image registration techniques have been studied extensively in recent years. However, there are still many problems existing and there are numerous research possibilities. Based on extensive investigation of existing literatures, the present paper analyzes the feature of retinal image and current challenges of retinal image registration, and reviews the transformation models of the retinal image registration technology and the main research algorithms in current retinal image registration, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various types of algorithms. Some research challenges and future developing trends are also discussed.