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Objective:To observe the multimodal imaging features of retinal diseases associated with COVID-19.Methods:A retrospective case study. Sixteen patients (30 eyes) of retinal diseases associated with COVID-19 admitted to the Ophthalmology Department of the Second People's Hospital of Zhengzhou in December 2022 were included in the study. There were 5 males and 11 females, with the mean age of (26.69±9.88) years; 14 patients were bilateral and 2 patients were unilateral. The time of ocular symptoms after the diagnosis of COVID-19 was (2.63±0.89) days. All patients underwent the examinations of best corrtected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus color photography (FP), infrared fundus photography (IR), optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) was performed in 2 patients (4 eyes). There were 20 eyes with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), including 6 eyes with cotton wool spots; 10 eyes with Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR). The BCVA of the patients was 0.1-1.0. No obvious abnormality was found in anterior segment examination. The features of FP, IR and OCT were analyzed retrospectively.Results:In 20 eyes of AMN, irregular reddish brown lesions in the central or paracentral area of the macula in 14 eyes; FP showed no obvious abnormality in 6 eyes; IR showed irregular map like low reflection in the central or paracentral area of macular in all eyes; OCT showed hyperreflectivity in outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer, hyporeflectivity in the ellipsoid zone and photoreceptor layers in all eyes; no abnormal fluorecence was observed in 2 eyes examined by FFA. In 10 eyes with PLR, cotton wool spots and retinal hemorrhage were observed in the posterior pole and/or peripapillary area, and the peripheral retina was generally normal, Purtscher spot was found in 5 eyes and macular edema in 4 eyes; OCT showed strong reflex signal in neuroepithelial layers, edema in neuroepithelial layers in 6 eyes; in the 2 eyes examined by FFA, fluorescein leakage from the retinal vein wall was observed, the posterior pole and peripapillary area retinal arteriole occlusions showed patchy hypofluorescence, the fluorescence was obscured by retinal hemorrhage below at inferior retina.Conclusions:For AMN associated with COVID-19, IR can show the lesion contour, OCT shows lesions in the outer retina. PLR associated with COVID-19 are usually at the posterior pole and/or peripapillary area in FP, OCT shows neurocortical edema.
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It is of great significance to analyze habitable suitability of genuine medicinal materials for Chinese herbal medicine planting according to local environment,for medicinal resources protecting and for reasonable planning introduction. Based on GIS technology,the analytic hierarchy process was applied to analyze the spatial differentiation of habitat suitability of Angelica dahurica in Yanting county of Sichuan province. The evaluation combined local geographical environment characteristics and habitat requirements for A. dahurica planting and adopted the expert experience method to screen out the evaluation index for establishing evaluation system.With the established evaluation system,the index weight of evaluating index was determined by analytic hierarchy process and their grouping values were assigned by Delphi method. The all evaluating index were translated into index distribution maps using Arc GIS software. Using the comprehensive factor weighted evaluating model and spatial index distribution map,the evaluation was obtained by means of the overlay analysis function of Arc GIS 10. 3 software. RESULTS:: showed that A. dahurica had a wide range of suitable planting areas in Yanting county. Highly suitable areas amounted to 165. 01 km2,and mainly distributed in the low hilly area with moderate elevation and fertile soil. Moderately suitable areas amounted to 798. 92 km2 which had extensive distribution in middle and west part of the county. Marginally suitable areas amounted to 0. 33 km2,where the soil was highly viscous with high altitude and low temperature that was not conducive to the growth and development of A. dahurica. Adapting to local conditions and scientific planning plays an important role in the development of local characteristic planting industry of genuine medicinal materials.
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Angelica , China , Ecosystem , Geographic Information Systems , SoilABSTRACT
Zhaoqing city is located in the midwest of Guangdong province,the middle and lower reaches of the mainstream of the Xijiang river.Many species of southern medicines grow very well in the Xijiang river basin of Zhaoqing because of existing of enormous mountainous and hilly areas,loose and fertile soil,warm climate,as well as abundant sunshine and rain.Zhaoqing has a long history of cultivating some species of southern medicines.For example,Cinnamomi Cortex was planted more than 300 years ago in Zhaoqing.Under the advocacy of national policy,the planting scale of some species of southern medicines expanded rapidly since 1980s.Up to now,plantation of the 4 species of southern medicines,namely,Morindae Officinalis Radix,Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Cinnamomi Cortex,has developed into a important representative industry in Zhaoqing.Zhaoqing also develops into the genuine producing area of this 4 species of southern medicines currently,and these products are sold well at home and abroad.Although great progress has been made in southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing,there still exist lots of problems for its future development,such as scattering planting instead of overall program,impure germplasm resources,plant diseases and insect pests,pesticide residue and pollution of heavy metal,lack of quality control in trading process,as well as absence of deep-processing and additional value of products.This paper analyzes the development status,advantages and problems of southern medicine industry in Zhaoqing,and puts forward some corresponding measures and suggestions.These proposals may have important guiding significance for promoting the development of local southern medicine industry.
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Objective To investigate the clinical application value of the levels of heparin-binding protein (HBP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for intracranial infectious diseases. Methods A case-control study was conducted. 150 patients after craniotomy(73 in the postoperative bacterial intracranial infection group, 77 in the postoperative non-infection group) admitted to the Department of Neurology of the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province from December 2016 to May 2018 were collected. At the same time, 46 patients without operation (14 in the non-bacterial intracranial infection group, 32 patients without intracranial infection were selected as control group whose white blood cell count (WBC) values in CSF were all below 10 × 106/L) in the same period were also collected. According to the diagnostic criteria for severe intracranial infection, the patients with bacterial intracranial infection were divided into 26 cases of mild intracranial infection group and 47 cases of severe intracranial infection group. According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at the time of discharge, the patients were divided into 30 cases of good prognosis group (GOS score 4-5 points) and 43 cases of poor prognosis group (GOS score 1-3 points). The concentrations of HBP in CSF were tested with latex immunoturbidimetry, and the concentrations of procalcitonin(PCT) in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were tested with electrochemiluminescence, and cerebrospinal fluid routine were tested with instrument method, and the concentrations of total protein(TP) in cerebrospinal fluid were tested with turbidimetry. The differences of the laboratory test indicators in each group were statistically analyzed, and the levels of HBP in CSF of patients with different degrees of intracranial infection and different prognosis were compared. Comparison of two independent samples was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results The HBP levels in cerebrospinal fluid were 187.00 (73.00, 635.00) ng/ml, 10.00 (3.50, 32.00) ng/ml, 1.50 (0, 4.00) ng/ml, 3.00 (1.00, 4.00) ng/ml in post-craniotomy bacterial intracranial infection group, uninfected group after craniotomy, non-bacterial intracranial infection group and control group respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of WBC count were 1280.00 (363.00, 4327.00)×106/L, 63.00 (18.50, 300.00)×106/L, 5.00 (3.00, 14.75)×106/L, 3.00 (2.00, 5.75)×106/L. The absolute value of cerebrospinal fluid neutrophils were 1216.00 (225.50, 3895.50)×106/L, 24.00 (2.00, 209.50)×106/L, 1.00 (1.00, 3.00)×106/L, 1.00 (1.00, 1.00)×106/L. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of PCT were 0.16 (0.10, 0.32) ng/ml, 0.09 (0.07, 0.14) ng/ml, 0.07 (0.06, 0.12) ng/ml, 0.07 (0.06, 0.13) ng/ml. The serum levels of PCT were 0.36 (0.15, 1.09) ng/ml, 0.09 (0.04, 0.16) ng/ml, 0.08 (0.04, 0.13) ng/ml, 0.07 (0.03, 0.11) ng/ml. The levels of HBP, WBC, neutrophils, PCT in CSF and serum PCT in the post-craniotomy bacterial intracranial infection group were significantly higher than those in the uninfected group after craniotomy (Z=-9.246,-6.759,-6.741,-4.477,-6.202, P<0.05), non-bacterial intracranial infection group(Z=-5.840,-5.412,-5.259,-2.923,-5.104,P<0.05) and the control group (Z=-7.905,-7.919,-7.335,-4.397,-5.474, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the levels of HBP, WBC and neutrophils in CSF(Z=-3.763,-3.444,-3.041,P<0.05) and no significant differences in CSF and serum PCT (Z=- 0.869, - 1.850, P>0.05)between the uninfected group after craniotomy and the non-bacterial intracranial infection group. There were significant differences in the levels of HBP, WBC and neutrophils in CSF(Z=-4.496,-6.685,-4.842,P<0.05) and no significant differences in CSF and serum PCT(Z=-0.676,-1.303, P>0.05)between the uninfected group after craniotomy and the control group. There were no significant differences in the levels of HBP, PCT in CSF and serum PCT (Z=-0.861,-0.514,-0.273, P>0.05)and significant differences in the levels of WBC and neutrophils in CSF(Z=-2.756,-3.060, P<0.05) between the non-bacterial intracranial infection group and the control group. The levels of HBP in CSF in the severe intracranial infection group were significantly higher than those in the mild intracranial infection group(Z=-6.267, P<0.05). The levels of HBP in CSF in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis group(Z=-7.064, P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of bacterial intracranial infection by HBP, WBC, neutrophils, TP, PCT in CSF and PCT in serum was 0.986, 0.987, 0.945, 0.945, 0.770 and 0.914, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for differential diagnosis of bacterial intracranial infection and non-bacterial intracranial infection was 0.994, 0.958, 0.961, 0.929, 0.747 and 0.936, respectively. Conclusions HBP in CSF is an ideal indicator for the diagnosis of bacterial intracranial infection. It is important to distinguish between bacterial intracranial infection and non-bacterial intracranial infection. The extent of increase is related to the severity of infection and prognosis of the disease.
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Objective It is rarely reported whether myricetin inhibits the activation and function of cardiac fibroblasts and thereby prevents myocardial fibrosis. This study was to investigate the effects of myricetin on the activation,proliferation and secretion of cardiac fibroblasts and its possible molecular mechanisms. Methods Fibroblasts isolated from 1-3 days old rats were cultured and their activation,proliferation and secretion were induced with the transforming growth factor (TGF). The fibroblasts were incubated with myricetin at different concentrations of 1,3,10,30 and 100 μmol/L for 24 hours followed by detection of their proliferation with the CKK8 kit,the transcription levels of fibrotic factors by RT-PCR and the expression levels of α-SMA and signal proteins by immunoflu-orescence staining and Western blot,respectively. Results The expression of α-SMA was significantly up-regulated in the cardiac fi- broblasts of the rats in the TGF-β,30 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β and 100 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β groups as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05) but down-regulated in the 30 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β and 100 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β groups in com-parison with that in the TGF-β group (P<0.05). At 48 hours,the transcription levels of collagenⅠ,collagenⅢ,fibronectin and con-nective tissue growth factor were markedly higher in the TGF-β,30 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β and 100 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β groups than in the control group (P<0.05) but lower in the 30 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β and 100 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β groups than in the TGF-β group (P<0.05). The phosphorylation levels of smad2 and smad3 were remarkably elevated in the TGF-β,30 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β and 100 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β groups and the expression of smad4 reduced in the TGF-β group as com-pared with the control group (P<0.05). The levels of smad2,smad3 and smad4 were all significantly decreased in the 30 μmol/L myr-icetin+TGF-β and the 100 μmol/L myricetin+TGF-β groups in comparison with the TGF-β group (P<0.05). Conclusion Myricetin suppresses the activation,proliferation and secretion of cardiac fibroblasts induced by TGF-β via inhibiting the smad signaling pathway.
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Objective To design an outpatient appointment system based on ASP.NET which gains advantages over the existing system in database stability,functional module integrity and interface friendliness.Methods The ASP.NET-based system was developed with Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 as the platform,Microsoft SQL Server 2005 to create data and kinds of components to establish database and application interface.Results The system enhanced hospital registration and patient satisfaction.Conclusion The system is worthy promoting for outpatient appointment in the hospital.
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Objective To design an outpatient appointment system based on ASP.NET which gains advantages over the existing system in database stability,functional module integrity and interface friendliness.Methods The ASP.NET-based system was developed with Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 as the platform,Microsoft SQL Server 2005 to create data and kinds of components to establish database and application interface.Results The system enhanced hospital registration and patient satisfaction.Conclusion The system is worthy promoting for outpatient appointment in the hospital.
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To observe metabolic abnormalities, histology changes and eNOS expression of aorta in type 2 diabetes rat.And to observe intervention effect of rosiglitazone.Methods 80 male Wistar rats were randomized to control group, high diet group, diabetes group, and rosiglitazone treatment group (diabetes plus rosiglitazone treatment).Type 2 diabetes models were developed and rosiglization group was treated with rosiglitazone .Six weeks and twelve weeks after treatment with rosiglitazone, blood glucose, endothlin and nitric oxide were tested.Histology changes of aorta in different groups were observed under microscopy .Meanwhile the protein and mRNA expression of eNOS in aorta were examined.Results 1)Compared with control group, ET in high fat diet group, diabetes group and rosiglitazone group increased significantly , and the level of NO decreased significantly at 6 week and 12 week.At 12 week, ET in diabetes group increased, and NO decreased significantly than that of high fat diet group and rosiglitazone group.2)Histology changes were observed in high fat diet group , diabetes group and rosiglitazone group at 12 week.3)Compared with control group, protein and mRNA expression in high fat diet group , diabetes group and rosiglitazone group were down regulated at 6 week and 12 week.And protein expression in diabetes group was down regulated than that in rosiglitazone group .Conclusions Rosiglization can ease the endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes rat.
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Using bioactive compounds 7-hydroxy flavone, salicylaldehyde, cinnamic acid and 4-amino-5- mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles as starting materials, three new types of flavone derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole structure were synthesized via different step reactions. These new compounds were characterized by 1IHNMR, ESI-MS, IR and elemental analysis. Their scavenging effects on the superoxide radical (O2·-), hydroxyl radical (·OH), DPPH · radical and their total reduction activities were tested. The results showed that all of the compounds possessed some antioxidative activity at the concentration of 0.5 mg · mL(-1), but the scavenging ability of the target compounds was lower than that of the standard compound Vc.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates , Chemistry , Flavones , Chemistry , Flavonoids , Chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers , Chemistry , Triazoles , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of NF-κB/survivin signal pathway in the intima hyperplasia of rat carotid balloon injury restenosis model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NF-κB siRNA lentivirus vector (titer was 1 × 10⁸ TU/ml) was established. Carotid balloon injury restenosis model was made in 33 SD rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups according to different processing methods, including negative control (NC) group (n = 11), NF-κB siRNA group (n =11), NF-κB siRNA+YM155 (survivin inhibitor) (n = 11), the uninjured carotid artery served as the normal control group (n = 11). After 7 days, the carotid sample (n = 5 each group) were harvested to detect the NF-κB and survivin mRNA expression by RT-PCR.The carotid sample were harvested on 28 days (n = 6 each group) for HE staining and measuring intima hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical method was also used to detect the expression of intima proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and media α-SM-actin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) After 7 days, NF-κB and survivin mRNA expression was significant higher in NC group than in normal control group (P<0.05), the NF-κB mRNA expression was significantly lower in NF-κB siRNA group than in NC group (P<0.05) and similar between NF-κB siRNA group and NF-κB siRNA+YM155 group. The survivin mRNA expression was significantly lower in NF-κB siRNA group compared to NC group (P<0.05) and significantly higher in NF-κB siRNA group than in NF-κB siRNA+YM155 group (P<0.05). (2) After 28 days, intima hyperplasia was observed in NC (0.13 ± 0.01), NF-κB siRNA (0.11 ± 0.01) and NF-κB siRNA+YM155 group (0.09 ± 0.01) mm² (P<0.05). Media area was similar among NC group, NF-κB siRNA group and NF-κB siRNA+YM155 group (P>0.05). I/M ratio was gradually reduced among NC group (1.55 ± 0.07), NF-κB siRNA group (0.92 ± 0.08), NF-κB siRNA+YM155 group (0.76 ± 0.06, all P<0.05). Similar results were found in the residual restenosis rate: NC group (58.71 ± 0.02) %, NF-κB siRNA group (32.13 ± 0.05) %, NF-κB siRNA+YM155 group (26.42 ± 0.03) % (all P<0.05) and expression of vascular smooth muscle cell PCNA: NC group (45.32 ± 7.21) %, NF-κB siRNA group (36.54 ± 6.42) %, NF-κB siRNA+YM155 group (28.57 ± 6.31) % (all P<0.05). On the contrary, the IOD of α-SM-actin in media increased gradually: NC group (0.055 ± 0.006), NF-κB siRNA group (0.072 ± 0.011), NF-κB siRNA+YM155 group (0.084 ± 0.008, all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Inhibiting NF-κB expression can significant decrease intima hyperplasia in this model, and this effect may be mediated by inhibiting survivin and reducing the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.</p>
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Animals , Rats , Carotid Arteries , Carotid Artery, Common , Carotid Stenosis , Cell Proliferation , Disease Models, Animal , Endothelium, Vascular , Hyperplasia , Microtubule-Associated Proteins , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle , NF-kappa B , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , RNA, Small Interfering , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction , Tunica IntimaABSTRACT
Objective:To study the influence of thrombus aspiration combined tirofiban on patients with acute ST seg-ment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A total of 98 patients,who received primary PCI because of STEMI in our hospital from Jan 2012 to Mar 2013,were selected.They were divided into thrombus aspiration group (n=48,received pure thrombus aspiration)and com-bined treatment group (n = 50,received thrombus aspiration combined intracoronary tirofiban injection during PCI).Coronary angiography (CAG)instantly after PCI and follow-up condition during hospitalization and six months after discharge were compared between two groups.Results:(1)Compared with thrombus aspiration group after PCI,there were significant rise in TIMI blood flow grade [(2.3±0.6)grades vs.(2.7±0.3)grades],per-centage of TIMI flow grade 3 (72.9% vs.90.0%)and ST segment regression >50% rate within 90min after PCI (52.1% vs.74.0%),P < 0.05 or < 0.01,and significant reduction in percentage of postoperative no-reflow (18.8% vs.4.0%,P =0.038)in combined treatment group in hospital;(2)After six-month follow-up,left ven-tricular ejection fraction (LVEF)of combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of thrombus aspi-ration group [(58±6.3)% vs.(51±5.6)%,P <0.05].Conclusion:Thrombus aspiration combined tirofiban can effectively reduce coronary thrombus burden and improve cardiac function in STEMI patients during primary PCI.
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Using bioactive compounds 7-hydroxy flavone, salicylaldehyde, cinnamic acid and 4-amino-5- mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles as starting materials, three new types of flavone derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazole structure were synthesized via different step reactions. These new compounds were characterized by 1IHNMR, ESI-MS, IR and elemental analysis. Their scavenging effects on the superoxide radical (O2·-), hydroxyl radical (·OH), DPPH · radical and their total reduction activities were tested. The results showed that all of the compounds possessed some antioxidative activity at the concentration of 0.5 mg · mL(-1), but the scavenging ability of the target compounds was lower than that of the standard compound Vc.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To extracted DNA from ancient human teeth dated 3000 years ago unearthed in Xi'an and determine the genders for the individuals.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty five ancient human teeth were studied. A 'Reverse-root-canal' technique and a Chelex-100 solution were used to extract the DNA. Specific primers for Amelogenin gene were designed for PCR amplification.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Genomic DNA was successfully extracted from 30 samples, for which 8 were determined to be males and 22 were females.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 'Reverse-root-canal' technique may be used for extracting DNA from ancient human teeth. Genetics method can supplement physical anthropology for determination of sex for ancient samples.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Amelogenin , Genetics , China , DNA , Genetics , History, Ancient , Paleodontology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sex Determination Analysis , Tooth , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects and feasibility of the repairing alveolar bone by combination of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and fibrin glue (FG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BMSCs were obtained from the sucking mouse and then separated, cultured to the second generation to get ready for use. The available cells were combined with FG and then immediately implanted into the defect that had been established in one lateral maxilla of 30 SD rats. At the same time pure FG without BMSCs was implanted into the other side. The rats were killed at the 3rd and 6th week after operation. The hematoxylin-eosin staining and Micro-CT were used to observe and evaluate the osteogenesis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>New bone trabecula formed at experiment side of the rats at 3rd week. The repairing seemed better after 6th week of operation than the control side. There were only fibrous tissues in the control side or none.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This experiment showed a feasible approach of repairing the defects in alveolar bone of the rats.</p>
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Animals , Mice , Rats , Bone and Bones , Fibrin Tissue Adhesive , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Osteogenesis , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tissue EngineeringABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of maternal isolation stress on the epilepsy susceptibility in young rats and the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty Sprague-Dawley young rats were randomly divided into a normal control and two maternal isolation groups that were subjected to maternal isolation for 15 min or 3 hrs daily on postnatal days 2-17. On postnatal day 18, an amygdala kindling test was performed to induce seizures. The expression of GABA(A) receptor α₁ in the hippocampus was determined by immunohistochemisty.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The weights were reduced, the threshold of amygdala kindling and the stimulation number for full kindling decreased significantly, and seizures were more severe in the maternal isolation 3 hrs group compared with the normal control group. The expression of GABA(A) receptor alpha(1) in the hippocampus CA1 area in the maternal isolation 3 hrs group decreased significantly compared with that in the normal groups. There were no significant differences in the aspects above mentioned between the maternal isolation 15 min and normal control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The stress of early daily maternal isolation for 3 hrs may affect adversely brain development and increase epilepsy susceptibility in young rats. The decreased expression of GABA(A) receptor α₁ in the hippocampus may contribute to the potential mechanism.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Amygdala , Physiology , Disease Susceptibility , Epilepsy , Hippocampus , Chemistry , Kindling, Neurologic , Maternal Deprivation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, GABA-A , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Objective To observe ocular manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods Fourty-two AIDS patients (66 eyes)with ocular complaints received examinations of visual acuity, slit-lamp microscope, ophthalmoscope and fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA). The results were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThere are five types of ocular findings, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (37 eyes, 56.0%), retinal microvasculopathy of human immunodeficiency virus (21 eyes, 32.0% ), optic nerve diseases (three eyes, 4.5 % ), retinal neuroepithelial layer detachment (two eyes, 3.0%) and uveitis (three eyes, 4.5%). Conclusions The common ocular manifestations showed progressive necrotic retinitis, retinal hemorrhage and retinal vasculitis and attenuated, cotton-wool spots in AIDS patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the status of dental caries in the human of Tang dynasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All teeth in 62 human skulls of Tang dynasty excavated from the Chang'an county in Xi'an city were examined and analyzed by statistics. The difference of prevalence in different group including age, sex and tooth position was tested with Chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of dental caries was 62.9%. And there were 92 caries teeth, which was 14.6% of the whole teeth. The root caries (33.3%) was more than the occlusal caries (28.7%). The most frequent recorded caries were the third molar, followed by the second molar, then the first molar. There was no significant difference between male and female.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The dental caries was popular in human of Tang dynasty, but the prevalence lowers than the modern people. And with the human evolution and the improvement of the social productivity, the prevalence of dental caries was gradually ascending.</p>